• 전기학회논문지
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• 제66권5호
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• pp.786-791
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• 2017

In this paper, the run time of Li-polymer secondary cell with and without Active Balancing BMS is analyzed. The Active Balancing System using Flyback Converter with two-way power control facility, his designed for optimal characteristics of balancing. The run time of Li-polymer secondary cell is drastically increased employing the Flyback Convert Active Balancing BMS. The run time performance of Li-polymer secondary cell with or without Flyback Converter Active Balancing BMS is analyzed with the discharging and charging experiment of Li-polymer secondary cell.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권5호
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• pp.1812-1820
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• 2017

This paper analyzes a symmetric active cell balancer for a battery management system. The considered cell balancer uses a forward converter in which the circuit structure is symmetric. This cell-balancing method uses fewer switches and is simpler than the previously proposed active cell-balancing circuits. Active power switches of this cell-balancing circuit operate simultaneously with the same pulse width modulation signals. Therefore, this cell-balancing circuit requires less time to be balanced than a previous bidirectional-forward-converter-based cell balancer. This paper analyzes the operational principles and modes of this cell balancer with computer-based circuit simulation results as well as experimental results in which each unbalanced cell is equalized with this cell balancer. The maximum power transfer efficiency of the investigated cell balancer was 87.5% from the experimental results. In addition to the experimental and analytical results, this paper presents the performance of this symmetric active cell-balancing method.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2019

This study proposes an enhanced switching pattern that can improve energy transfer efficiency in an active cell-balancing circuit using a multiwinding transformer. This balancing circuit performs cell balancing by transferring energy stored in a specific cell with high energy to another cell containing low energy through a multiwinding transformer. The circuit operates in flyback and buck-boost modes in accordance with the energy transfer path. In the conventional flyback mode, the leakage inductance of the transformer and the stray inductance component of winding can transfer energy to an undesired path during the balancing operation. This case results in cell imbalance during the cell-balancing process, which reduces the energy transfer efficiency. An enhanced switching pattern that can effectively perform cell balancing by minimizing the amount of energy transferred to the nontarget cells due to the leakage inductance components in the flyback mode is proposed. Energy transfer efficiency and balancing speed can be significantly improved using the proposed switching pattern compared with that using the conventional switching pattern. The performance improvements are verified by experiments using a 1 W prototype cell-balancing circuit.

• Journal of Electrical Engineering and Technology
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.29-38
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• 2017

This paper presents a study on the state-of-charge (SOC) reference based active cell balancing in real-time. The optimal references of SOC are determined by using the proposed active cell balancing system with the bidirectional DC/DC converters via the dual active bridge (DAB) type. Then, the energies between cells can be balanced by the power flow control of DAB based bidirectional DC/DC converters. That is, it provides the effective management of battery by transferring energy from the strong cell to the weak one until the cell voltages are equalized to the same level and therefore improving the additional charging capacity of battery. In particular, the cell aging of battery and power loss caused from energy transfer are considered. The performances of proposed active cell balancing system are evaluated by an electromagnetic transient program (EMTP) simulation. Then, the experimental prototype is implemented in hardware to verify the usefulness of proposed system.

• 전력전자학회논문지
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• 제23권4호
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• pp.247-255
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• 2018

This paper proposes a transformer design of a direct cell-to-cell active cell balancing circuit with a multi-winding transformer for battery management system (BMS) applications. The coupling coefficient of the multi-winding transformer and the output capacitance of MOSFETs significantly affect the balancing current transfer efficiency of the cell balancing operation. During the operation, the multi-winding transformer stores the energy charged in a specific source cell and subsequently transfers this energy to the target cell. However, the leakage inductance of the multi-winding transformer and the output capacitance of the MOSFET induce an abnormal energy transfer to the non-target cells, thereby degrading the transfer efficiency of the balancing current in each cell balancing operation. The impacts of the balancing current transfer efficiency deterioration are analyzed and a transformer design methodology that considers the coupling coefficient is proposed to enhance the transfer efficiency of the balancing current. The efficiency improvements resulting from the selection of an appropriate coupling coefficient are verified by conducting a simulation and experiment with a 1 W prototype cell balancing circuit.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.1089-1098
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• 2024

Recently, the demand for energy storage has increased, serial cell configurations are commonly used for high-capacity secondary batteries. Initially, when identical cells are configured in series, the battery cells operate without voltage differences. However, over time, voltage imbalances occur due to differences in the environmental and physical properties of the cells. In addition, the unique characteristics of cells change during charging and discharging, which greatly affects to the degradation of battery efficiency and performance. Various cell balancing techniques have been proposed to achieve high efficiency and performance in battery. This paper proposes a minimum voltage selective balancing topology based on a flyback converter for module balancing of batteries based on active cell balancing techniques. In the proposed topology, the output voltage of each battery is shared through a single transformer, the energy from the converter's primary side is transferred to the battery modules with the minimum voltage. The proposed module balancing circuit can be easily applied to the battery reuse industry. The proposed minimum voltage battery module selective balancing topology was verified through PSIM simulations and experiments.

• 한국산업융합학회 논문집
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• 제26권6_2호
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• pp.1083-1095
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• 2023

Recently, the demand for low-voltage, high-capacity ESS is rapidly increasing due to the revitalization of the e-mobility industry, which is mainly powered by electricity. In addition, the demand for portable power banks is rapidly increasing due to the revitalization of leisure industries such as camping and fishing. The ESS with this structure consists of a small number of series cells and many parallel cells, resulting in a system with a large rated current. Therefore, the number of power devices for cell balancing configured in series is small, but a balancing device with a large current capacity is required. Construction of a constant temperature device in such a low-voltage, high-current ESS is difficult due to economic issues. The demand for an active balancing system that can solve the passive balancing heating problem is rapidly increasing. In this paper, propose a power feedback fly-back topology that can solve the balancing heating problem. The characteristic of the proposed topology is that a series-connected voltage sharing voltage is used as the input of the flyback converter, and the converter output is connected to one transformer. In this structure, the converter output for cell voltage balancing shares magnetic flux through one high-frequency transformer, so the cell voltage connected to the converter automatically converges to the same voltage.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국신재생에너지학회 2010년도 춘계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.146.1-146.1
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• 2010

최근 전력 수요의 증가와 지구 온난화 문제가 화두가 되면서 피크 전력관리와 스마트 그리드의 필요성이 강조되고 있다. 이들을 구현하기위해 반드시 필요한 것이 에너지 저장 시스템이다. 본 발표는 배터리 에너지 저장 시스템에 사용되는 능동형 셀 발란싱 기능을 갖는 배터리 관리 시스템에 관한 것이다. 전력 에너지 저장용 배터리는 원하는 전압과 전력을 저장하기위해 단전지(Cell)들을 보통 수천 개가 직렬 병렬로 연결되어 구성된다. 배터리팩을 구성하는 단전지 한 개의 용량이 다른 단전지 보다 크거나 작던지 또는 한 개의 단전지에 문제가 생기면 배터리팩 전체의 성능이 저하되든가 또는 사용 할 수가 없게 된다. 따라서 배터리팩을 구성 할 때는 용량이 동일 한 단전지들을 사용한다. 에너지 저장용 배터리팩에는 수백 와트의 단전지 들이 사용되므로 에너지 저장용 배터리팩을 위한 단전지 생산에는 많은 어려움이 있다. 능동형 셀 발란싱 기술을 사용 하면 이러한 배터리팩의 문제를 해결 할 수 있어 셀 제조원가를 절감 할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 배터리팩의 가용용량을 늘릴 수 있고 또한 배터리팩의 수명을 연장 할 수 있다.

• 전력전자학회:학술대회논문집
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• 전력전자학회 2015년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.7-8
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• 2015

In this paper a cell-to-cell fast charge balancing circuit for the Lithium-Ion battery module is proposed. In the proposed topology the energy in a high voltage cell is transferred directly to a low voltage cell through the operation of the dc-dc converter. Furthermore, the charge balancing can be performed regardless of the battery operation whether it is being charged, discharged or relaxed. The monitoring circuit composed of a DSP and a battery monitoring IC is designed to monitor the cell voltage and detect the inferior cell thereby protecting the battery module from failure. In order to demonstrate the performance of the proposed topology, a prototype circuit was designed and applied to 12 Lithium-Ion battery module. It has been verified with the experiments that the charge equalization time of the proposed method was shorter compared with those of other methods.

• 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.732-741
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• 2018

여러 배터리 셀을 직렬로 연결해서 사용하는 BMS에서 사용 가능 용량을 최대화시키기 위하여 각 셀의 전압을 같도록 맞춰주는 셀 밸런싱 기술이 필요하다. 다중 권선 변압기를 사용하는 능동 셀 밸런싱 회로에서 셀 간 직접적 (direct cell-to-cell)으로 에너지를 전달하는 밸런싱 회로는 PMOS 스위치와 NMOS 스위치를 구동하기 위한 게이트 구동 칩은 PMOS 스위치와 NMOS 스위치 개수 만큼 TLP2748 포토커플러(photocoupler)와 TLP2745 포토커플러가 필요하므로 원가가 증가하고 집적도가 떨어진다. 그래서 본 논문에서는 포토커플러를 사용하여 PMOS와 NMOS 스위칭소자를 구동하는 대신 70V BCD 공정기반의 PMOS 게이트 구동회로와 NMOS 게이트 구동회로, 스위칭 시간이 개선된 PMOS 게이트 구동회로와 NMOS 게이트 구동회로를 제안하였다. 스위칭 시간이 개선된 PMOS 게이트 구동 스위치의 ${\Delta}t$는 8.9ns이고, NMOS 게이트 구동 스위치의 ${\Delta}t$는 9.9ns로 양호한 결과를 얻었다.