• Title/Summary/Keyword: Active Cell

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Anti-Obesity Activity of Euptelea Pleiosperma Ethanol Extract (Euptelea pleiosperma 에탄올 추출물의 항비만 활성)

  • Park, Jung Ae;Jin, Kyong-Suk;Kwon, Hyun Ju;Kim, Byung Woo
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.43 no.4
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    • pp.336-342
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    • 2015
  • Previously, Euptelea pleiosperma was identified as one of the useful sources containing anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory activities for the first time in our research group. In this study, anti-obesity effect of E. pleiosperma ethanol extract (EPEE) was evaluated by using a pancreatic lipase enzyme inhibition assay and a cell culture model system. EPEE suppressed effectively pancreatic lipase enzyme activity dose dependently. Furthermore, EPEE significantly suppressed adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, triglyceride contents, and triggered lipolysis activity on 3T3-L1 preadipocytes in a dose-dependent manner without cytotoxicity. Anti-adipogenic effect of EPEE was modulated by cytidine-cytidine-adenosine-adenosine-thymidine (CCAAT)/enhancer binding proteins ${\alpha}(C/EBP{\alpha})$, $C/EBP{\beta}$ and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ${\gamma}(PPAR{\gamma})$ gene and protein expressions. Taken together, these results provide the important new insight that E. pleiosperma possesses anti-obesity activities such as pancreatic lipase inhibition, anti-adipogenic, and lipolysis effects. It might be utilized as promising sources in the fields of nutraceuticals. The identification of active compounds that confer anti-obesity activity of EPEE might be needed.

Proteome Profiling of Murine Macrophages Treated with the Anthrax Lethal Toxin (탄저 치사독소 처리에 의한 생쥐 대식세포의 단백질체 발현 양상 분석)

  • Jung Kyoung-Hwa;Seo Giw-Moon;Kim Sung-Joo;Kim Ji-Chon;Oh Seon-Mi;Oh Kwang-Geun;Chai Young-Gyu
    • Korean Journal of Microbiology
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    • v.41 no.4
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    • pp.262-268
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    • 2005
  • Intoxication of murine macrophages (RAW 264.7) with the anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx 100 ng/ml) results in profound alterations in the host cell gene expression. The role of LeTx in mediating these effects is unknown, largely due to the difficulty in identifying and assigning function to individual proteins. In this study, we have used two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to analyze the protein profile of murine macrophages treated with the LeTx, and have coupled this to protein identification using MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. Interpretation of the peptide mass fingerprint data has relied primarily on the ProFound database. Among the differentially expressed spots, cleaved mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (Mek1) and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase were increased in the LeTx treated macrophages. Mek1 acts as a negative element in the signal transduction pathway, and G6PD plays the role for the protection of the cells from the hyper-production of active oxygen. Our results suggest that this proteomic approach is a useful tool to study protein expression in intoxicated macrophages and will contribute to the identification of a putative substrate for LeTx.

Inhibitory Effect of Cordyceps Militaris Water Extracts on Sarcoma-180 Cell-Induced Ascities Tumor in ICR Mice (누에번데기 및 누에애벌레 밀리타리스동충하초 (Cordyceps Militaris) 열수추출물이 Sarcoma-180 세포로 유발한 마우스 복수암에 미치는 영향)

  • 이해미;양미자;박태선
    • Journal of Nutrition and Health
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    • v.36 no.10
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    • pp.1022-1029
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    • 2003
  • This study was undertaken to evaluate the antitumor activities of Cordyceps militaris of silkworm pupa (CMP) and silkworm larva (CML), as compared with the effect of cordycepin, an active compound found in Cordyceps militaris. Antiproliferation effect of the test materials were evaluated in the sarcoma-180 cells using the MTT test. For the in vivo study, ICR mice were inoculated i.p. with 1.0 ${\times}$ 10$^{6}$ sarcoma-180 cells/mouse on Day 0, and were again i.p. injected with one of the following substances from Day 1 to Day 10 : saline (control group), 50 mg/kg (CMP50, CML50) ,100 ma/kg (CMP100, CML100), or 200 mg/kg (CMP200, CML200) of Cordyceps militaris water extracts, or 1 mg/kg (C1), 2 mg/kg (C2), or 4 mg/kg (C4) of cordycepin. Pretreatment of the sarcoma-180 cells with 100 mg/ml, 500 mg/ml, and 1000 mg/ml of CML (60.1$\pm$2.5%, 49.8$\pm$3.7%, and 45.4$\pm$0.1% of the value for untreated control cells, respectively) or CMP (68.3$\pm$2.1%, 55.1$\pm$0.9%, and 51.4$\pm$3.5% of the value for control cells, respectively) for 48 hrs significantly decreased the survival rate (proliferation) of tumor cells (p<0.05). Body weight of the control mice bearing ascites tumor and injected with saline was 1.4 times of the value for normal animals at day 18. Mice bearing ascites tumor and injected with cordycepin (1, 2, or 4 mg/kg) exhibited a significantly lighter body weight compared with the control mice, while animals injected with CMP or CML (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) showed a significantly lighter body weight compared with the mice injected with cordycepin. Mice injected with CMP50, CMP100, or CMP200 mg/kg (or CML50, CML100, or CML200 mg/kg) showed a 133% (or 90%), 80% (or 62%), and 68% (or 52%) longer mean survival time, and those treated with C1, C2, or C4 exhibited a 54%, 91% and 80% longer survival time compared to the value for control mice injected with saline. These results indicate that the hot-water extracts of Cordyceps militaris of both silkworm pupa and silkworm larva have an anti-proliferation effect of tumor cells as well as the life prolongation effect in mice bearing ascites tumor, which are superior to the activities of cordycepin.

Inhibitory Effect of Methanol Extract of Doenjang on Growth and DNA Synthesis of Human Cancer Cells (된장 메탄올 추출물의 인체 암세포 성장 억제 효과 및 DNA 합성 저해 효과)

  • 임선영;이숙희;박건영
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.33 no.6
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    • pp.936-940
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    • 2004
  • Doenjang (Korean soy paste) is one of the popular soybean based fermented foods in Korea. This study investigated the growth and DNA synthesis inhibitory effect of doenjang methanol extracts on AGS human gastric adenocarcinoma cells, Hep 3B human hepatocellular carcinoma cells and HT-29 human colon cancer cells. In order to determine an anticancer effect of doenjang methanol extracts, other soybean fermented foods and original materials were compared. The treatment of doenjang methanol extracts (200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) to the AGS, Hep 3B and HT-29 cancer cells inhibited the growth of cancer cells by 80%, 77% and 86%, respectively. Compared to other soybean fermented foods and original materials, doenjang methanol extracts showed the highest growth inhibitory effect on different cancer cells. In addition, doenjang methanol extracts (200 $\mu\textrm{g}$/mL) significantly inhibited DNA synthesis of AGS and Hep 3B cancer cells by 76% and 59%, respectively. These results suggested that this anticancer effect of doenjang may be due to specific active compounds, which will be newly produced during soybean fermented process and not contained in soybean.

Quality Characteristics of Doenjang Prepared with Fermented Hwangchil (Dendropanax morbifera) Extract (황칠 발효액을 첨가한 된장의 품질 특성)

  • Park, Seong-Eun;Seo, Seung-Ho;Yoo, Seon-A;Na, Chang-Su;Son, Hong-Seok
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.45 no.3
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    • pp.372-379
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    • 2016
  • This study was performed to investigate the quality characteristics of various salted (8, 10, and 12%) Doenjang prepared with fermented Hwangchil (Dendropanax morbifera) extract as well as the effect of Bacillus methylotrophicus S8 strain, isolated from soy sauce, as a starter culture. After fermentation, the total cell number of low-salted Doenjang (8% and 10%) prepared with fermented Hwangchil was lower than that of Doenjang without fermented Hwangchil. Low-salted Doenjang (8% and 10%) showed higher total acidity, amino acid, and organic acid levels as well lower pH levels than high-salted Doenjang (12%), indicating active fermentation. The highest levels of lactic acid (48.1 mg/L) and glutamic acid (549.0 mg/L) were observed in low-salted Doenjang (8%) fermented with B. methylotrophicus S8 strain. The low-salted Doenjang (8%) fermented with B. methylotrophicus S8 also showed the highest score in overall preference of sensory evaluation. These results indicate that Hwangchil extract fermented with B. methylotrophicus S8 can be used as a starter for making low-salted Doenjang, resulting in improved palatability, and inhibition of abnormal fermentation.

Ginsenoside fractions regulate the action of monocytes and their differentiation into dendritic cells

  • Lee, Yeo Jin;Son, Young Min;Gu, Min Jeong;Song, Ki-Duk;Park, Sung-Moo;Song, Hyo Jin;Kang, Jae Sung;Woo, Jong Soo;Jung, Jee Hyung;Yang, Deok-Chun;Han, Seung Hyun;Yun, Cheol-Heui
    • Journal of Ginseng Research
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    • v.39 no.1
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    • pp.29-37
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    • 2015
  • Background: Panax ginseng (i.e., ginseng) root is extensively used in traditional oriental medicine. It is a modern pharmaceutical reagent for preventing various human diseases such as cancer. Ginsenosidesd-the major active components of ginsengd-exhibit immunomodulatory effects. However, the mechanism and function underlying such effects are not fully elucidated, especially in human monocytes and dendritic cells (DCs). Methods: We investigated the immunomodulatory effect of ginsenosides from Panax ginseng root on $CD14^+$ monocytes purified from human adult peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and on their differentiation into DCs that affect $CD4^+$ T cell activity. Results: After treatment with ginsenoside fractions, monocyte levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-${\alpha}$, interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-10 increased through phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), but not p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). After treatment with ginsenoside fractions, TNF-${\alpha}$ production and phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK decreased in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-sensitized monocytes.We confirmed that DCs derived from $CD14^+$ monocytes in the presence of ginsenoside fractions (Gin-DCs) contained decreased levels of the costimulatory molecules CD80 and CD86. The expression of these costimulatory molecules decreased in LPS-treated DCs exposed to ginsenoside fractions, compared to their expression in LPS-treated DCs in the absence of ginsenoside fractions. Furthermore, LPS-treated Gin-DCs could not induce proliferation and interferon gamma (IFN-${\gamma}$) production by $CD4^+$ T cells with the coculture of Gin-DCs with $CD4^+$ T cells. Conclusion: These results suggest that ginsenoside fractions from the ginseng root suppress cytokine production and maturation of LPS-treated DCs and downregulate $CD4^+$ T cells.

Effects of Autoclaved Morinda officinalis Root Extract on the Suppressive Efficacy of MMP-1 Enzyme (고온고압 처리된 파극천 추출물의 MMP-1 발현 억제 효능 증진)

  • Kang, Jung Wook;Oh, Jung Young;Bae, Jun Tae;Kim, Jin Hwa;Lee, Geun Soo;Pyo, Hyeong Bae
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.41 no.1
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    • pp.35-43
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    • 2015
  • Morinda officinalis (Rubiaceae) is a medicinal herb that has traditionally been used for the treatment of skin inflammation. The present study was to investigate the inhibitory efficacy of matrix metalloproteinases-1 (MMP-1) of the extracts of the root of M. officinalis, which was autoclaved at $132^{\circ}C$ and $1.2kgf/cm^2$ for 15 min using an autoclave. The composition of the extracts were compared with that prepared without autoclaved treatment. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were analyzed for the autoclaved M. officinalis root extract (AME) and M. officinalis root extract (ME). Results showed that the autoclaved AME contained total phenol and flavonoid contents 1.5-fold times more than those from ME. AME showed DPPH and superoxide radical scavenging activities as 79.25% and 94.5%, respectively, at the concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$. In anti-inflammatory assay, AME inhibited the activity of COX-2 and 5-LOX metabolites. In addition, AME showed higher an inhibition rate in MMP-1 expression than ME in UVA-irradiated human dermal fibroblast (HDF) without any significant cytotoxicity. UVB-induced cytotoxicity and cell death were effectively suppressed by AME. In conclusion, autoclaving the M. officinalis root increased the phenol and flavonoid contents. The extracts of the autoclaved M. officinalis enhanced the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-MMP-1 effects. Thus, the extracts could be an useful active ingredient in cosmetics.

Anti-inflammatory Effect of the Robinia pseudoacacia L. High Temperature Extract (아까시 나무 고온추출물의 항염증 효과)

  • Nho, Jong Hyun;Kang, Byoung Man;Jung, Won Seok
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.31 no.4
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    • pp.294-302
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    • 2018
  • This study was conducted to compare anti-inflammatory effect of Robinia pseudoacacia L. using different extraction methods (water extraction, ethanol extraction and high temperature extraction). We investigated anti-inflammatory effect of Robinia pseudoacacia L. extract (RP1, water extract; RP2, ethanol extract; RP3, high temperature extract) on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated inflammation using Raw 264.7 cell. Cells were treated with various concentrations (12.5, 25, 50, 100 or $200{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) of water extract, ethanol extract and high temperature extract. Cytotoxicity was not observed on Raw 264.7 cells, LPS-stimulated production of NO (nitric oxide), $PGE_2$ (prostaglandin $E_2$) and cytokines ($TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6 and $IL-1{\beta}$) was reduced by RP3 treatment more than RP1 and RP2. In conclusion, these results indicated that inflammation on Raw 264.7 cells was improved by RP3. Treatment of RP3 could be used to natural medicine for improving inflammatory response. However, further experiment is required to observe how the high temperature extraction at $500^{\circ}C$ for 48 h influences on alteration of active ingredient in Robinia pseudoacacia L., and conducts the inflammation signal pathway on Raw 264.7 cells.

Biological Properties of Propolis Isolated from Honeybees (프로폴리스의 생물학적 특성)

  • Kim, Sung-Kuk;Woo, Soon-Ok;Chang, Jong-Soo
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.31 no.7
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    • pp.686-697
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    • 2021
  • Propolis is a resinous substance produced by honeybees, which they use to protect their hives. Honeybees produce propolis by mixing exudates from the various trees and plants with saliva and beeswax. It has been used since around 300 B.C. as a folk medicine to cure wounds. Propolis contains many physiologically active components, such as flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and beeswax. Because of its functional components, propolis has a wide spectrum of biological applications. The compounds in propolis and its biological activity can vary according to the location of nectar source and extraction method. Propolis is most commonly known for its anti-microorganism activity against bacteria, viruses, and fungi. Artepillin C and caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) have been identified as regulatory compounds that reduce inflammation and exert immunosuppressive reactions on T lymphocytes. Through its anti-inflammatory activity, propolis exhibits anti-tumor activity, including the inhibition of cancer cell proliferation, the blocking of tumor signaling cascades, and antiangiogenesis. However, for the more apply of propolis its analysis of nectar source, identifying of propolis compound, the molecular mechanism of propolis and the investigation of compounds synergistic effects are essential. In this study, we described the physiological activity of propolis isolated from honeybees.

Optimization of anode and electrolyte microstructure for Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (고체산화물 연료전지 연료극 및 전해질 미세구조 최적화)

  • Noh, Jong Hyeok;Myung, Jae-ha
    • Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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    • v.57 no.4
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    • pp.525-530
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    • 2019
  • The performance and stability of solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) depend on the microstructure of the electrode and electrolyte. In anode, porosity and pore distribution affect the active site and fuel gas transfer. In an electrolyte, density and thickness determine the ohmic resistance. To optimizing these conditions, using costly method cannot be a suitable research plan for aiming at commercialization. To solve these drawbacks, we made high performance unit cells with low cost and highly efficient ceramic processes. We selected the NiO-YSZ cermet that is a commercial anode material and used facile methods like die pressing and dip coating process. The porosity of anode was controlled by the amount of carbon black (CB) pore former from 10 wt% to 20 wt% and final sintering temperature from $1350^{\circ}C$ to $1450^{\circ}C$. To achieve a dense thin film electrolyte, the thickness and microstructure of electrolyte were controlled by changing the YSZ loading (vol%) of the slurry from 1 vol% to 5 vol. From results, we achieved the 40% porosity that is well known as an optimum value in Ni-YSZ anode, by adding 15wt% of CB and sintering at $1350^{\circ}C$. YSZ electrolyte thickness was controllable from $2{\mu}m$ to $28{\mu}m$ and dense microstructure is formed at 3vol% of YSZ loading via dip coating process. Finally, a unit cell composed of Ni-YSZ anode with 40% porosity, YSZ electrolyte with a $22{\mu}m$ thickness and LSM-YSZ cathode had a maximum power density of $1.426Wcm^{-2}$ at $800^{\circ}C$.