• Atmosphere
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• v.32 no.4
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• pp.395-409
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• 2022

A new soil moisture initialization scheme is applied to the Korea Meteorological Administration (KMA) Global Seasonal forecasting system version 6 (GloSea6). It is designed to ingest the microwave soil moisture retrievals from Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) radiometer using the Local Ensemble Transform Kalman Filter (LETKF). In this technical note, we describe the procedure of the newly-adopted initialization scheme, the change of soil moisture states by assimilation, and the forecast skill differences for the surface temperature and precipitation by GloSea6 simulation from two preliminary experiments. Based on a 4-year analysis experiment, the soil moisture from the land-surface model of current operational GloSea6 is found to be drier generally comparing to SMAP observation. LETKF data assimilation shows a tendency toward being wet globally, especially in arid area such as deserts and Tibetan Plateau. Also, it increases soil moisture analysis increments in most soil levels of wetness in land than current operation. The other experiment of GloSea6 forecast with application of the new initialization system for the heat wave case in 2020 summer shows that the memory of soil moisture anomalies obtained by the new initialization system is persistent throughout the entire forecast period of three months. However, averaged forecast improvements are not substantial and mixed over Eurasia during the period of forecast: forecast skill for the precipitation improved slightly but for the surface air temperature rather degraded. Our preliminary results suggest that additional elaborate developments in the soil moisture initialization are still required to improve overall forecast skills.

• Maritime Security
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-92
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• 2020

This paper attempts to examine the changes in China's naval strategy and to analyze the goal, range, and method of each strategy during the Xi Jinping's era. Since the founding of New China, the People's Liberation of Army Navy(PLAN) has made four changes in the naval strategy. Under Xi Jinping's administration, China's naval strategy is far seas operation combined with near seas active defense. Now, China's naval strateg y is shifting from a defensive to an aggressive one, increasing the proportion of offensive weapon systems and the number of state-of-the-art warships, and the scope of the naval strategy has been specified in the second island chain including the Indian Ocean. With the changes of naval strategy, the PLAN will set a new strategic goal to secure maritime dominance and implement an assertive strategy to actively respond to the intervention and intrusion of external forces. Moreover, the PLAN will also improve its sea-based deterrence force and the maneuver force to block other countries in the long-distance maritime conflict zones. The operation method of China's future naval strateg y will gradually shift from 'interdiction' to 'rapid-response.'

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.591-597
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• 2021

Recently, as education on the use of smart devices increases, there are many side effects such as dependence on smart devices, addiction, and decline of learning effects. This study analyzed the structural relationship between stress and stress coping to understand why dependence on smart devices occurs. Structural equation modeling using Amos was performed to verify the hypothesis. First, it was found that the higher the perceived stress of university students, the higher the stress coping. Second, the higher the active coping, the lower the dependence on smart devices, and the higher the passive coping, the higher the dependence. Third, it was found that there was a difference in the structural relationship according to mindfulness.

• International Journal of Computer Science & Network Security
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• v.22 no.11
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• pp.11-18
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• 2022

Linking Ukraine's education system with the trends of global digitalization is mandatory to ensure the sustainable, long-term development of the country, as well as to increase the sustainability of the education system and the economy as a whole during the crisis period. Now the main problems of the education system in Ukraine are manifested in a complex context caused by Russian armed aggression. In the context of war, problems include differences in adaptation to online learning among educational institutions, limited access to education for vulnerable groups in the zone of active hostilities, the lack of digital educational resources suitable for online learning, and the lack of basic digital skills and competencies among students and teachers necessary to properly conduct online classes. Some of the problems of online learning were solved in the pandemic, but in the context of war Ukrainian society needs a new vision of education and continuous efforts of all social structures in the public and private environment. In the context of war, concerted action is needed to keep education on track and restore it in active zones, adapting to the needs of a dynamic society and an increasingly digitized economy. Among the urgent needs of the education system are a change in the teaching-learning paradigm, which is based on content presentation, memorization, and reproduction, and the adoption of a new, hybrid educational model that will encourage the development of necessary skills and abilities for students and learners in a digitized society and enable citizens close to war zones to learn.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.298-313
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• 2022

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: The effectiveness of natural compounds in improving athletic ability has attracted attention in both sports and research. Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) leaves are used to make traditional herbal medicines in Asia. The active components of G. pentaphyllum, dammarane saponins, or gypenosides, possess a range of biological activities. On the other hand, the anti-fatigue effects from G. pentaphyllum extract (GPE) and its effective compound, gypenoside L (GL), remain to be determined. MATERIALS/METHODS: This study examined the effects of GPE on fatigue and exercise performance in ICR mice. GPE was administered orally to mice for 6 weeks, with or without treadmill training. The biochemical analysis in serum, glycogen content, mRNA, and protein expressions of the liver and muscle were analyzed. RESULTS: The ExGPE (exercise with 300 mg/kg body weight/day of GPE) mice decreased the fat mass percentage significantly compared to the ExC mice, while the ExGPE showed the greatest lean mass percentage compared to the ExC group. The administration of GPE improved the exercise endurance and capacity in treadmill-trained mice, increased glucose and triglycerides, and decreased the serum creatine kinase and lactate levels after intensive exercise. The muscle glycogen levels were higher in the ExGPE group than the ExC group. GPE increased the level of mitochondrial biogenesis by enhancing the phosphorylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α (PGC-1α) protein and the mRNA expression of nuclear respiratory factor 1, mitochondrial DNA, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-δ, superoxide dismutase 2, and by decreasing the lactate dehydrogenase B level in the soleus muscle (SOL). GPE also improved PGC-1α activation in the SOL significantly through AMPK/p38 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS: These results showed that GPE supplementation enhances exercise performance and has anti-fatigue activity. In addition, the underlying molecular mechanism was elucidated. Therefore, GPE is a promising candidate for developing functional foods and enhancing the exercise capacity and anti-fatigue activity.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.44 no.5
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• pp.1011-1016
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• 2023

We have experienced a case in which herbal medicine was administered to treat drug-induced liver damage and would like to introduce it. A 49-year-old man exhibited a positive result in the interferon-gamma release assay. He had never suffered from tuberculosis in the past, and the route and time of infection could not be confirmed. He had no respiratory or systemic symptoms suggestive of active tuberculosis, and a chest X-ray examination showed no active lung lesions, so he was diagnosed with latent tuberculosis infection. He was confirmed to be within the normal range in the liver function test, renal function test, and complete blood cell count test, and started taking rifampin (600 mg qd). In the screening test performed on the 19th day of taking the drug, other test items were normal, but alanine aminotransferase (ALT) increased to 50 U/L (reference value: 4-40 U/L). In a test performed on the 29th day of taking the drug, ALT was clearly elevated to 102 U/L. Ursodeoxycholic acid and Injinho-tang were taken together with rifampin, and the patient's progress was observed. In a test performed 14 days later, ALT decreased to 26 U/L, within the normal range. It is presumed that Injinho-tang may have partially contributed to alleviating liver damage in this case.

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.1-25
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• 2024

Countries around the world are making active efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Korea is also pursuing a policy of abolishing aging coal power and converting it to LNG power generation. However, in Korea, gas turbine manufacturing technology has not been localized, so all of it is imported and installed from overseas manufacturers. Therefore, this paper examines the domestic and foreign environment of the gas turbine power generation industry and proposes a strategy to develop and expand the supply of Korean gas turbine technology by applying the PEST-SWOT-AHP methodology. As a result of the research, the strategy to develop and expand the supply of Korean gas turbine technology can be summarized as 1) strengthening the role of power generation public enterprises to develop and promote commercialization of gas turbine technology, 2) expanding the proportion of LNG power generation to reduce greenhouse gases, 3) the government's active efforts to create an ecosystem for the gas turbine industry, and 4) forming a public consensus on the construction of LNG power plants.

• The Journal of Fisheries Business Administration
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• v.37 no.3 s.72
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• pp.1-24
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• 2006

In terms of the size of aquaculture farms and production volume, inland freshwater aquaculture is much smaller than marine aquaculture in Korea. However, freshwater aquaculture provides fish which is not produced in the sea. Freshwater aquaculture plays an important role in the efficient use of resources, development of local areas and economy vitalization in under - developed areas. freshwater aquaculture also helps ecosystem recovery by stocking farmed fry. As addressed above, inland freshwater aquaculture plays various roles and can not be ignored. However, freshwater aquaculture has been off the interest of fisheries authority. Considering a series of changes in the circumstances such as the government's disapproval of pen - raised aquaculture, higher standard for discharged water from aquaculture farms and a rapid increase in import of low price fish from other countries, it is difficult to expect the quantitative expansion of the freshwater aquaculture any more. Furthermore, freshwater aquaculture lost the trust of people because of the use of Malachite green, and the consumption of farmed product plummeted last year. Even though it would be difficult to expect the quantitative expansion, we could expect qualitative growth and let the inland freshwater aquaculture keep playing the own roles. In order to achieve competitive advantage and regain the trust by providing safer farmed product, the government's support and freshwater aquaculture industry's active and voluntary efforts are very important. This paper suggests several points for the future oriented inland freshwater aquaculture in Korea such as strategic intensive development of selected species, the technical improvement and its diffusion, increased cooperation among the government authority, industry and scientists.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.12 no.9
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• pp.9-20
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• 2014

As studies on welfare systems for military families were only focused and limited on improvements of welfare facilities and military apartments, or psycho-therapies for families living apart, the supporting policies and efforts on creating jobs for military families(spouses) were insufficient till now. The best welfare for military spouses is the active well-being through the provision of employment opportunities, rather than providing certain rewards. Especially, South Korea should boost national competitiveness through increasing the engagement rate of women's economic activities. To expand these kinds of employment chances, actual plans to overcome the factors that restrict job opportunities for the families living apart, moving frequently, or living in rural areas should be urged. Accordingly, there should be a change of recognition toward military welfare service, enactment of applying discharged soldier's expanded employment programs for military spouses, cooperation with municipal governments and relevant institutions for creating jobs, and provision of promising job openings in association with a military reform. To achieve these, the cooperation of the government agencies, municipal governments, and military units are being emphasized.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.14-20
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• 2016

One of the most powerful health management practices is the use of antibiotics, but their use is being restricted because of health safety issues. The swine industry has been looking for various alternatives to antibiotics and increasingly considers the use of dietary factors like feed ingredients, feed additives, feed formulation practices, or feeding methods, instead of using antibiotics to improve pig health and performance. Among other alternatives to antibiotics, spray-dried plasma may be a candidate. Spray-dried plasma is a blood product that provides bioavailable nutrients and physiologically active components such as immunoglobulins, glycoproteins, growth factors, peptides, etc. It is an excellent protein source with balanced and highly digestible amino acids. Several beneficial physiological activities depend on components of spray-dried plasma, such as immune competence (antibacterial activity), modulation of microbiota and/or immune system, integrity of intestinal barrier function, etc. These beneficial effects can contribute to improvement of pig performance and health by modulation of microbiota in the digestive tract and/or immune system. Therefore, it is suggested that spray-dried plasma has great potential as an antibiotics alternative.