• 한국항해항만학회지
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.312-318
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• 2020

본 연구는 마리나 개발 결정요인을 실증적으로 분석하여 마리나 개발을 활성화하고, '2차 마리나 항만 기본계획'의 효과적인 이행과 마리나 산업발전을 위한 기초자료를 제공하기 위해 수행되었다. 연구목적을 달성하기 위해 3개 권역 5곳의 마리나 개발지역에 거주하는 지역민 356명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 마리나 개발 결정요인으로는 일반적 특성인 연령, 소득수준, 이해집단, 거주지역 그리고 갈등원인인 집단 이기주의, 개발과정 배제, 환경문제 요인이 포함되었으며, 종속변수로는 마리나 개발 찬/반 여부(찬성/반대)와 마리나 개발 갈등유형(이익갈등, 가치갈등)으로 이분화된 데이터를 활용하였다. 수집된 유효표본은 SPSS 25.0 통계프로그램을 활용하여 기술통계, 요인분석, 신뢰도분석 그리고 로지스틱 회귀분석을 실시하여 다음과 같은 결과를 도출하였다. 첫째, 마리나 개발 찬/반 결정요인 분석결과 인구통계학적 특성 중 연령, 소득수준, 이해집단, 거주지역, 거주기간 요인이 마리나 개발 찬/반 여부에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 마리나 개발 찬/반 결정요인 분석결과 갈등원인에서는 집단이기주의 요인과 개발과정 배제 요인이 마리나 개발 찬/반 여부에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 마리나 개발 갈등유형 결정요인 분석결과 인구통계학적 특성 중 연령, 소득수준, 거주지역 요인이 마리나 개발 갈등유형에 유의한 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다.

• 콘크리트학회논문집
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.115-123
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• 2013

철강산업은 다량의 원료와 다량의 에너지를 소비하는 대표적인 업종으로 생산 공정을 거치면서 철강생산과 더불어 부산물인 철강슬래그를 다량 발생시킨다. 또한, 근래 무분별한 해양개발 및 환경오염 등으로 광대한 해양생물의 서식기반이 소실되어 수산자원의 감소현상이 심화되고 있어 이에 대한 대책이 시급한 실정이다. 따라서 이 연구에서는 다량 부산되는 복합슬래그를 천연골재 대체재료로 재활용하는 방안 제시와 해양목장 조성용 소재로서의 친환경 다공질 콘크리트의 배합요인별 공학적 특성 및 적용성 검토연구를 수행하였다. 배합요인별 공극률 시험결과 모든 조건에서 오차범위 2.5%이내의 결과를 나타내었다. 압축강도 시험 결과 최적 혼입률은 복합슬래그골재 30%, 특수처리입상비료 10% 혼입시 가장 우수한 친환경 다공질 콘크리트 제조가 가능하였다. 해양 적용 콘크리트로서 해수저항성 역시 압축강도가 높은 배합조건이 가장 우수한 성능을 나타냈다. 친환경 다공질 콘크리트의 해양생물 서식기반 제공능력평가 결과, 공극률이 증가할수록 해양생물의 착상 및 서식이 용이하였으며, 특수처리입상비료 혼입시 초기 착상 및 서식활성화가 활발히 이루어짐을 확인하였다. 복합슬래그골재 및 특수처리입상비료의 혼입에 따른 해양생물에 대한 유해성 검토 결과 어류에 대한 안정성은 확보되는 것으로 확인하였다.

• Spatial Information Research
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• 제21권5호
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• pp.43-51
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 최근 이슈가 되고 있는 공간빅데이터에 대한 개념과 효과적으로 공간빅데이터체계를 구축하기 위한 방안을 제시하였다. 공간빅데이터는 3V(volume, variety, velocity)로 정의되고 있는 빅데이터를 6V(volume, variety, velocity, value, veracity, visualization)의 빅데이터로 진화시키는 기반이라 할 수 있다. 공간빅데이터를 효과적으로 구축하기 위해서는 공간빅데이터체계 구축으로 추진되어야 하며, 공간빅데이터체계는 국가공간정보기반, 융합플랫폼, 서비스제공자, 생산요소제공자로서의 역할을 수행해야 한다. 이러한 공간빅데이터체계의 구성요소는 인프라(하드웨어), 기술(소프트웨어), 공간빅데이터(데이터), 인력, 법 제도 등이며, 공간빅데이터체계 구축을 위한 목표로 공간기반 정책수립 지원, 공간빅데이터 플랫폼 기반 산업활성화, 공간 빅데이터 융합기반 조성, 공간관련 사회현안의 적극적 해결로 제시하였다. 그리고 목표에 대한 추진전략은 범정부적 협력체계 구축, 신산업 창출 및 활용 활성화, 성과활용 중심의 공간빅데이터 플랫폼 구축, 공간빅데이터 관련 기술경쟁력 확보로 제시하였다.

• 한국환경성돌연변이발암원학회지
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• 제22권2호
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• pp.112-124
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• 2002

2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) has been reported to exert detrimental toxicities on various organ systems including reproductive, cardiovascular, nervous, or dermal system. Immunomodulatory effects of TCDD is thymic atrophy, downregulation of cytotoxic T or B lymphocyte differentiation and activation, which were demonstrated using experimental animals, whereas immunotoxicity in human has not been investigated well. This study was proceeded to evaluate general immunologic spectrum of the Korean Vietnam War veterans exposed to TCDD during their operation, and compare with that of the non-exposed control subjects with similar age. Regarding composition and quantity, immune cells in peripheral blood collected from the TCDD-exposed was not much different from those of the control except decreased red blood cell, hemoglobin and hematocrit level. Furthermore, plasma IgG2, G3, and G4 isotype distribution was similar between two groups, but IgG1 level was significantly lowered in the TCDD-exposed, indicating a TCDD-mediated functional alteration of B cells. Significantly enhanced level of IgE in plasma, a hallmark of dermal or respiratory allergic response, was also observed in the TCDD-exposed compared with that of the control. Elevated generation of IL-4 and IL-10 was resulted from in vitro stimulation of T cells with PMA plus ionomycin or PHA, respectively, from the TCDD-exposed in comparison to those of the control, suggesting a skewed type-2 response. In addition, the level of IFN${\gamma}$, a multifunctional cytokine for T cell-mediated immunity, was lowered in the TCDD-exposed with upregulation of tumor necrosis factor $\alpha$. The present study suggests that TCDD exposure disturbs immunohomeostasis in humans observed as an aberrant plasma IgE and IgG1 levels and dysregulation of T cell activities.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.184-195
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• 2006

Objectives : Betula Platyphylla(BP) is a traditional analgesic, anti-fungal, anti-inflammatory herb used in Chinese 1medicine. However, no information is available to explain its action. In this study. we investigated the anti-inflammatory 1effects of BP to elutidate the molecular pharmacological activity in the ethanol extract of BP(BPE). Methods : We performed WTS assay in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages with BPE. Nitrite was measured by Griess assay, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in LPS induced RAW264.7 macrophages with BPE. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase (COX-2) were determined by Western blot. Activation of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kB) was measured by electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Results : BPE significantly suppressed production of nitric oxide (NO) and PGE2 in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. The maximal inhibition rate of NO and PGE2 production by BPE was ca. 88.8% and 93% at the concentration of $100{\mu}g/ml$ (non-cytotoxic concentration), respectively. BPE also decreased iNOS protein and COX-2 protein in LPS-induced RAW264.7 macrophages. EMSA demonstrated that BPE inhibited the DNA binding activity of the NF-kB. Conclusions : These results suggest that BPE inhibits NF-${\kappa}B$-mediated gene expression and downregulates inflammatory mediator production in RAW264.7 macrophages.

• BMB Reports
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• 제44권7호
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• pp.484-489
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• 2011

Annexin-1 (ANX1) is an anti-inflammatory protein as well as an important modulator in inflammation. However, the precise action of ANX1 remains unclear. To elucidate the protective effects of ANX1 on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced murine macrophage Raw 264.7 cells, we constructed a cell-permeable Tat-ANX1 protein. The transduced Tat-ANX1 protein markedly inhibited the expression of cyclooxygenase-2, production of prostaglandin $E_2$, and generation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cells. Furthermore, transduced Tat-ANX1 protein caused a significant reduction in the activation of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-${\kappa}B$) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK). The results indicate that Tat-ANX1 inhibits the production of inflammatory response cytokines and enzymes by blocking NF-${\kappa}B$ and MAPK. Therefore, Tat-ANX1 protein may be useful as a therapeutic agent against various inflammatory diseases.

• Toxicological Research
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• 제28권1호
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• pp.5-9
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• 2012

It has been shown that the accumulation of prion in the cytoplasm can result in neurodegenerative disorders. Synthetic prion peptide 106-126 (PrP) is a glycoprotein that is expressed predominantly by neurons and other cells, including glial cells. Prion-induced chronic neurodegeneration has a substantial inflammatory component, and an increase in the levels of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) may play an important role in neurodegenerative development and progression. However, the expression of MMPs in PrP induced rat astrocytes and microglia has not yet been compared. Thus, in this study, we examined the fluorescence intensity of CD11b positive microglia and Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) positive astrocytes and found that the fluorescent intensity was increased following incubation with PrP at 24 hours in a dose-dependent manner. We also observed an increase in interleukin-1 beta (IL-$1{\beta}$) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-${\alpha}$) protein expression, which are initial inflammatory cytokines, in both PrP induced astrocytes and microglia. Furthermore, an increase MMP-1, 3 and 11 expressions in PrP induced astrocytes and microglia was observed by real time PCR. Our results demonstrated PrP induced activation of astrocytes and microglia respectively, which resulted in an increase in inflammatory cytokines and MMPs expression. These results provide the insight into the different sensitivities of glial cells to PrP.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제24권6호
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• pp.595-603
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• 2016

(E)-3-Phenyl-1-(2-pyrrolyl)-2-propenone (PPP) is a pyrrole derivative of chalcone, in which the B-ring of chalcone linked to ${\beta}$-carbon is replaced by pyrrole group. While pyrrole has been studied for possible Src inhibition activity, chalcone, especially the substituents on the B-ring, has shown pharmaceutical, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant properties via inhibition of NF-${\kappa}B$ activity. Our study is aimed to investigate whether this novel synthetic compound retains or enhances the pharmaceutically beneficial activities from the both structures. For this purpose, inflammatory responses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated RAW264.7 cells were analyzed. Nitric oxide (NO) production, inducible NO synthase (iNOS) and tumor necrosis factor-${\alpha}$ (TNF-${\alpha}$) mRNA expression, and the intracellular inflammatory signaling cascade were measured. Interestingly, PPP strongly inhibited NO release in a dose-dependent manner. To further investigate this anti-inflammatory activity, we identified molecular pathways by immunoblot analyses of nuclear fractions and whole cell lysates prepared from LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells with or without PPP pretreatment. The nuclear levels of p50, c-Jun, and c-Fos were significantly inhibited when cells were exposed to PPP. Moreover, according to the luciferase reporter gene assay after cotransfection with either TRIF or MyD88 in HEK293 cells, NF-${\kappa}B$-mediated luciferase activity dose-dependently diminished. Additionally, it was confirmed that PPP dampens the upstream signaling cascade of NF-${\kappa}B$ and AP-1 activation. Thus, PPP inhibited Syk, Src, and TAK1 activities induced by LPS or induced by overexpression of these genes. Therefore, our results suggest that PPP displays anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of Syk, Src, and TAK1 activity, which may be developed as a novel anti-inflammatory drug.

• Molecular & Cellular Toxicology
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• 제5권2호
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• pp.120-125
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• 2009

Alaria esculenta is a brown seaweed found in the Arctic. This study investigated the protective effect of A. esculenta extract (AEE) against oxidant-mediated injury and its mode of action in RAW264.7 macrophages. The methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay showed that $H_2O_2$ treatment reduced cell viability, whereas AEE protected cells from $H_2O_2$-mediated cytotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Because heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is known to protect cells against oxidative damage, we investigated the effect of AEE on HO-1 gene expression and HO enzyme activity. The protective effect of AEE against $H_2O_2$-induced injury was correlated with increased HO enzyme activity. AEE also induced HO-1 mRNA and protein expression, as determined RT-PCR and Western blotting, respectively. To characterize the mechanisms by which AEE induces HO-1 gene expression, we examined the effect of AEE on the nuclear translocation of NF-E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) and Akt phosphorylation. AEE treatment activated upstream signaling for HO-1 gene expression, including the nuclear translocation of Nrf2 and Akt phosphorylation. Collectively, these results suggest that AEE has anti-oxidant activity that is mediated, at least in part, via the activation of Nrf2 and Akt and the subsequent induction of HO-1 gene expression.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.421-428
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• 2018

식후고혈당은 제 2형 당뇨병의 발병에 부정적인 영향을 미치고 미세혈관 및 대혈관 질환 등의 당뇨병 합병증 유발과 밀접한 관계가 있다. 따라서 식후고혈당을 조절하는 것이 당뇨병 합병증의 위험을 줄이는 가장 중요한 요소이다. 식후고혈당은 소장에서 ${\alpha}$-글루코시다아제와 같은 탄수화물 소화 효소를 저해함으로써 조절될 수 있다. 이에 본 연구는 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물(PEE)과 물 추출물(PWE)이 탄수화물 소화 효소를 저해하고, 당뇨병 마우스에서 식후 고혈당을 강하시키는 효과에 대해 조사하였다. ${\alpha}$-글루코시다아제와 ${\alpha}$-아밀라아제에 대한 저해효과는 두 추출물 모두 양성대조군인 acarbose보다 더 효과적이었으며, PEE에 의한 ${\alpha}$-글루코시다아제 저해 효과가 PWE 보다 더 효과적이었다. Diabetic mice에 전분(2 g/kg)을 투여한 후의 혈당 증가는 30, 60, 120분에 각각 383.7, 429.3, 360.2 mg/dL로 나타났고, 전분(2 g/kg)과 PEE 또는 PWE 추출물(300 mg/Kg)을 투여한 후의 혈당 증가는 30, 60, 120분에 각각 337.0, 368.5, 290.1 mg/dL과 365.8, 379.2, 324.3 mg/dL로 나타나, PEE 추출물 투여군이 대조군에 비해 식후 혈당 강하가 효과적으로 나타남을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 쇠비름 추출물이 탄수화물 소화효소를 저해함으로써 식후 고혈당을 완화시키고, 특히 쇠비름 에탄올 추출물(PEE)이 쇠비름 물 추출물(PWE) 보다 식후 고혈당을 완화시키는데 더욱 효과가 있는 것으로 나타났다.