• Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.321-328
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• 2003

The elongation of contact length on the line of action is considered with particular reference for roll forming of gears, and for dynamic behavior of the tooth in meshing. However there is no paper that discuss the elongation of contact length in the load meshing of gears. Based on our investigation, the contact length on the line of action elongates more than the kinematically calculated value. In rolling, as the tool approaches the workpiece, the center distance of the gears decreases by a small amount. But, the elongation of contact length is sensitive. Therefore, the contact point on the line of action is difficult to be determined, which complicates the tooth analysis. In this study, the exact relation between the elongation of contact length and the tooth space over the recess or before the approach are revealed by experiments and kinematic theory. This analytical result applies not only for rolling, but also for the single flank meshing which is done under constant center distance.

• 패션비즈니스
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.26-42
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• 2003

On-line clothes sale are on the increase, and the returns(for replacements or refunds) of the clothes are also increasing. Many studies on off-line consumers' complaints were made before, but few studies on the returns of clothes sold on-line have been made. From this viewpoint, this study was conducted to know what effect returns of clothes sold on-line have on their brands. Therefore, this study was first focused on the factors affecting complaint acts(return intention or return acts) such as lack of information and recognition of product, delivery errors and product defects concerning on-line sales, and second investigated the changes of buyers' attitude toward the brand following the their acts of returning the buyers, and third looked into the changes of on-line buyers' attitude toward the brand. The study is carried out by subdividing the objects of the study into return action(replacement, refundment) and purchasers who experienced return intention. Such experience is demonstratively analyzed to find how it has affected the attitude toward the brand. The study comes up with the following outcomes. First, the effect factor causing complaint action(return action, return intention) on-line is shown as the lack of the information and recognition of the product. Second, it is revealed that the effect factor causing complaint(return action, return intention) does not lie in an error in delivery or a defect of a product. Third, the positive response of a brand to a return action does not raise the repurchasing intention and positive attitude of purchasers who experienced returning a product, but lowers their private complaint action intention. Fourth, the repurchase intention of purchasers who experienced return intention for the brand is lowered, but their negative attitude and private complaint action intention is not raised.

• 디지털융복합연구
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• 제15권12호
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• pp.489-494
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• 2017

게임 애니메이션은 영상 애니메이션과 제작 과정에서 많은 차이가 있지만, 컴퓨터에서 작업하는 애니메이팅 방식은 크게 다르지 않다. 게임 애니메이션 제작에서도 영상 애니메이션에서의 원칙과 원리가 강조되어 제작되기 때문이다. 본 연구에서는 게임 애니메이션 제작 시 캐릭터의 포즈작업에 있어 여러 가지 고려해야 할 사항들 중, 동작의 방향과 에너지의 흐름을 알 수 있는 Line of Action에 대하여 고찰하고자 한다. Line of Action은 드로잉의 기초 이론으로 시작하여 셀 애니메이션부터 3d 애니메이션까지 포즈 작업에 있어 바이블의 역할을 하고 있다. 이러한 Line of Action이 게임 캐릭터의 포즈 작업에서 어떻게 적용되는지 알아보고자 선행연구를 통하여 이론적 배경을 살펴본 후, 3d 온라인 게임 '오버워치'의 영웅 캐릭터들의 포즈(pose)를 수집하고 직접 라인을 그려 포즈를 분석하였다. 그 결과 단순하고 명확한 동선을 가진 캐릭터들의 포즈가 캐릭터의 특징을 잘 표현하고 전달이 명확한 것을 알 수 있었다. 이 연구를 통하여 게임 애니메이션 제작에서 캐릭터 포즈의 표현 기법에 대하여 고찰하고자 하였으며, 실무에서 게임애니메이터들에게 중요한 참고자료가 되기를 기대한다.

• Computers and Concrete
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• 제3권6호
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• pp.439-454
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• 2006

This paper develops an artificial neural network (ANN) model for uniformly loaded restrained reinforced concrete (RC) slabs incorporating membrane action. The development of membrane action in RC slabs restrained against lateral displacements at the edges in buildings and bridge structures significantly increases their load carrying capacity. The benefits of compressive membrane action are usually not taken into account in currently available design methods based on yield-line theory. By extending the existing knowledge of compressive membrane action, it is possible to design slabs in building and bridge decks economically with less than normal reinforcement. The processes involved in the development of ANN model such as the creation of a database of test results from previous research studies, the selection of architecture of the network from extensive trial and error procedure, and the training and performance validation of the model are presented. The ANN model was found to predict accurately the ultimate strength of fully restrained RC slabs. The model also was able to incorporate strength enhancement of RC slabs due to membrane action as confirmed from a comparative study of experimental and yield line-based predictions. Practical applications of the developed ANN model in the design process of RC slabs are also highlighted.

• 한국콘텐츠학회논문지
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• 제14권7호
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• pp.18-28
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• 2014

컨설팅장학은 2010년 교육지원청의 조직과 기능이 개편되면서 학교교육의 질 향상을 위한 교육개혁 시스템으로 학교현장에 자리매김 해가고 있다. 그러나 현재는 컨설팅장학에 관한 전반적인 기능을 통합적으로 관리하여 제공할 수 있는 전용 온라인 포털시스템이 구축되어 있지 않다. 학교현장에서 컨설팅장학의 성공적인 운영을 위해서는 교사들이 컨설팅장학의 방법과 전문성을 습득하여 컨설턴트로 양성될 수 있도록 지원하는 온라인 컨설턴트 교육 시스템의 개발 또한 필요한 시점이다. 본 논문에서는 LAMS(Learning Activity Management System)와 액션 러닝(Action Learning)에 기반한 다양한 전문가 양성 학습활동 도구를 제공하는 온라인 컨설턴트 교육 시스템을 개발하여 소개한다. 온라인 컨설턴트 교육 시스템은 컨설턴트의 전문성을 강화하기 위한 4개의 단계(관리역량, 분석역량, 해결역량 및 실행평가역량 단계)로 구성되어 있으며, 각 역량의 머리글자를 인용하여 이를 MASA(Management, Analysis, Solution, Action)로 명명하였다. 전문가 양성을 위한 학습활동 도구는 브레인라이팅, SWOT분석, 5Whys, 의사결정그리드, PMI(Plus, Minus, Interesting), 블랙차트 등의 기법을 개발하여 제공하였다.

• 전자공학회논문지B
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• 제28B권11호
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• pp.876-885
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• 1991

This paper proposes an on-line method of understanding humans conducting action observed through a vision sensor. The vision system captures images of conducting action and extracts image coordinates of endpoint of the baton. A proposed algorithm based on the expert knowledge about conducting recognizes patterns of the conducting action from the extracted image coordimates and play the corresponding music score. Complementary algorithms are also proposed for identifying the first beat static point and dynamics through extensive experiments, this algorithm is found to detect lower edges and upper edges without error.

• 대한치과교정학회지
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• 제49권3호
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• pp.188-193
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• 2019

Objective: The aim of this finite element study was to clarify the mechanics of tooth movement in palatal en-masse retraction of segmented maxillary anterior teeth by using anchor screws and lever arms. Methods: A three-dimensional finite element method was used to simulate overall orthodontic tooth movements. The line of action of the force was varied by changing both the lever arm height and anchor screw position. Results: When the line of action of the force passed through the center of resistance (CR), the anterior teeth showed translation. However, when the line of action was not perpendicular to the long axis of the anterior teeth, the anterior teeth moved bodily with an unexpected intrusion even though the force was transmitted horizontally. To move the anterior teeth bodily without intrusion and extrusion, a downward force passing through the CR was necessary. When the line of action of the force passed apical to the CR, the anterior teeth tipped counterclockwise during retraction, and when the line of action of the force passed coronal to the CR, the anterior teeth tipped clockwise during retraction. Conclusions: The movement pattern of the anterior teeth changed depending on the combination of lever arm height and anchor screw position. However, this pattern may be unpredictable in clinical settings because the movement direction is not always equal to the force direction.

• 대한물리의학회지
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• 제7권1호
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• pp.111-118
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• 2012

Purpose : The purpose of present study was to determine effects of action observation training on upper limb function after stroke. Training was progressed to imitation and intensive training after observation to required action in ADL. Methods : Among the single case study was used to ABA design. pre base line(A) was only collected participant information without intervention in 5 times. action observation intervention(B) was carried out 10 times and 5 times to base lime(A) after intervention. Results : Results indicated that 10-second test, box and block test, manual function test was increased when compared action observation intervention(B) to pre base line(A). Conclusion : To stroke action observation training was evaluated gross manipulation, dexterity and upper limb function in related with ADL. action observation training benefits were maintained after intervention(B) and showed improvement on upper limb function of stroke.

• 한국산학기술학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국산학기술학회 2011년도 춘계학술논문집 2부
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• pp.529-532
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• 2011

A theoretical model has been studied to describe the sound radiation analysis for structure vibration noise of vehicle tires under the action of random moving line forces. When a tire is analyzed, it had been modeled as curved beams with distributed springs and dash pots that represent the radial, tangential stiffness and damping of tire, respectively. The reaction due to fluid loading on the vibratory response of the curved beam is taken into account. The curved beam is assumed to occupy the plane y=0 and to be axially infinite. The expression for sound power is integrated numerically and the results examined as a function of Mach number, wave-number ratio and stiffness factor. The experimental investigation for structure vibration noise of vehicle tire under the action of random moving line forces has been made. Based on the Spatial Transformation of Sound Field techniques, the sound power and sound radiation are measured. Results strongly suggest that operation condition in the tire material properties and design factors of the tire govern the sound power and sound radiation characteristics.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.184-197
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• 1994

In order to investigate the effects of Kamikwakjeongtang by using the experimental animals. the action on gastrointestinal smooth muscles. the action of gastric juice secretion, the action of antiulcer. the transport ability of intestinal contents. the action of anticatharsis and the actions on the central nervous system were studied. The results were as follow: 1. Spontaneous motility of the isolated ileum of mice was suppressed and antiacetylcho-line chloride action was recognized. 2. Anti-action on barium chloride of fundus-strip of white rat was recognized. 3. Supression effects on gastric juice secretion. free acidity was recognized. 4. Preventive effect on the ulcer induced by pylorus-ligated was recognized. 5. Supression effects of large intestinal transport ability was recognized. 6. Anti-carthartic action was shown but was not recognized. 7. Analgesic effect by the acetic-acid method and prolonged effect of the total sleep time by pentobarbital-Na were recognized. According to the above results, effects based on oriental medical reference were consistent with the actual experimental effects.