• 대한본초학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

Objectives : The purpose of this study was to evaluate on the antimicrobial effect on the periodontal pathogens and anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba. Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba has been used for treating as Artemisiae Capilaris Herba in Korea. Methods : Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba was prepared by extracting medicinal herb with water. We investigated antimicrobial activity by the minimun inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. We also investigated inhibition of IL-$1{\beta}$-induced collagenase-l(MMP-l), stromelysin-1(MMP-3), interleukin-6 gene expression in human gingival fibroblasts. Results : The antimicrobial effect of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba was evaluated with MIC against periodontopathogens; Porphyromonas gingivalis 2561, W50, A7A1-28, 9-14K-1, Prevotella intermedia28, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4, MICs of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba were 0.156 mg/ml, 0.625 mg/ml, 0.313 mg/ml, 1.25 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml. The anti-inflammatory effect of Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba was evaluated with Influence of herbs on the IL-$1{\beta}$-induced expression of MMP-1, MMP-3, interleukin-6, IL-$1{\beta}$ increased MMP-1, MMP-3, interleukin-6 mRNA levels. Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba significantly inhibited IL-$1{\beta}$-induced MMP-1, MMP-3, interleukin-6 gene expressions in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusions : These results suggested that Artemisiae Iwayomogii Herba might reduce the excessive proteolytic capacity of the gingival fibroblast during inflammation and could be developed a new drug in periodontitis.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.265-276
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• 1999

This study was performed to evaluate the effect of hydrogen peroxide-producing Lactobacillus acidophilus V-20onthe replication of periodontal pathogens, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Porphyromonas gingivalis. When A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were incubated alone and in the combination with L. acidophilus V-20, the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis were compared between those cultures. The effect of S. mutans, E. durans, and L. lactis on the replication of A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis was also evaluated. The change of periodontal indexes(probine depth, gingival index, GCF volume) and the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteroides in subgingival plaque sample were evaluated following gargling of fermented milk made from L. acidophilus V-20 for 1 month on patients with periodontal disease in maintenance phase. In the mixed culture of L. acidophilus V-20 and A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis, the replication of A. actinomycetemcomitans or P. gingivalis wascompletely inhibited. But in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and hydrogen peroxide-nonproducing Lactobacillus casei, the viable ceil numbers of P. gingivaliswas not decreased when compared with the numbers in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and L. acidophilus V-20. In the mixed culture of A. actinomycetemcomitans and S. mutans, E. durans, or L. lactis, the viable cell number of A. actinomycetemcomitans was not almost changed when compared with the numbers in the culture of A. actinomycetemcomitans alone. And in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and E. durans or L. lactis, the viable cell numbers of P. gingivaliswas not almost changed compared with the counts in the culture of P. gingivalis alone. But the replication of P. gingivalis was completely inhibited in the mixed culture of P. gingivalis and S. mutans. When the change of periodontal indexes following gargling of fermented milk was compared with baseline, probing depth and gingival index were not changed, but GCF volume was significantly decreased(p<0.05). And when the viable ceil numbers of microorganisms in subgingival plaque sample were compared with baseline, total viable ceil number was almost unchanged and the viable cell numbers of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteroides were significantly decreased(p<0.05). These results suggest that L. acidophilus V-20 inhibit the replication of A. actinomycetemcomitans and black pigmented bacteroides by the formation of hydrogen peroxide.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.103-125
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• 1997

An epidemiologic study on pleuropneumonia in the slaughter pigs(Chonan and Asan area, Chungnam province, Korea) during the period of January 1994 through December 1995 was conducted. Isolation of A pleuropneumoniae was attempted in 425 pigs with pneumonic lesions. Biochemical properties, antimicrobial susceptibility, serotypes and pathogenicity of isolated A pleuropneumoniae were investigated. In addition, outer membrane protein(OMP) of the Isolates were extracted to determine its properties and immunogenicity in both mice and piglets The results obtained through this study were summarized as followed ; 1. Of 3, 395 slaughter pigs, pleuropneumonia was observed in 425 pigs(10.6%). A pleuropneumoniae was isolated from 22 pigs(5.2%) out of 425 pigs with pneumonic lesions. The biochemical properties of all isolates were same as those of reference A pleuropneumoniae strain. Among 22 isolates, 9, 1 and 12 isolates were serovar 2, 3 and 5, respectively. 2. The results of antimicrobial susceptibility test revealed that the isolates showed high susceptibility to ciprofloxacin and cephalothin, moderate susceptibility to amikacin, gentamicin, kanamycin and streptomycin, and low susceptibility to erythromycin, tylosin and sulfadimethoxin. 3. The isolates were varied in pathogenicity to mice. Median lethal dose of LE9402(serovar 2) and LE9511(serovar 5) were $9.2{\times}10^7$ CFU and $2.8{\times}10^7$%CFU, respectively. Specific pneumonic lesions were observed from the infected mice with clinical signs. Bacteria recovery rate was high in the lung, but low In heart blood and tracheas. 4. Serovar 2 was found to be more pathogenic than serovar 5 in guinea pig. Mortality on guinea pigs inoculated with serovar 2($5.4{\times}10^8-5.4{\times}10^6$CFU) and serovar 5($2.8{\times}10^8-2.8{\times}10^6$ CFU) was 20~40% and 40~80%, respectively. A severe hemorrhagic lesions and focal pneumonic lesions were observed from dead guinea pigs. Bacteria recovery rate was relatively higher in the lung than that of other organs. 5. In the SDS-PAGE analysis, OMP-enriched fractions of both isolates and reference strains contain common peptide bands equivalent to molecular weight of 17, 27, 42, 52 and 95Kd. In addition to common peptide bands, the bands which are specific to each isolate were also observed. The profiles of Sephadex G25 fractions showed 3 major peaks. The common peptide bands which were observed by SDS-PAGE of the crude OMPs were found in the peaks 1 and 2. 6. The OMPs extracted from serovar 2(LE9402) and serovar 5(LE9511) provided high level of protection in mice(70~80%) and pigs(100%). All animals inoculated with OMPs were seroconverted, showing micro-agglutination titer of 640 to 1280.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.661-676
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• 2000

Gingivitis and periodontitis are infectious diseases in that microorganisms are the primary extrinsic cause of the diseases. the occurrence of gingivitis has been associated clearly with the presence of microorganisms at the disease site, and the histologic nature of the tissue involved is indicative of an inflammatory response induced by microorganisms. additional evidence for the microbial etiology of periodontal disease is that numerous antimicrobial agents are effective in reducing plaque accumulation and periodontal diseases. the purpose of this article is to analyze the antimicrobial effects of Pulsatilla koreana. Well-dried Pulsatilla koreana purchased from herbs distributor was ground and extracted into methanol(MeOH), ethylacetate(EtoAc), chlorform($CHCl_3$) and Butyl alcohol(BuOH). we have then applied each solution to the bacteria samples(Bacteroides forsythus, Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus sanguis, Porphylomonas gingivalis, Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Eikenella corrodens, Prevotella intermedia, Actinomyces viscosus, Prevotella nigrescens , Rothia dentocariosa, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus) collected from several organizations. To conduct susceptibility test(Kirby-Bauer method), plate contained each periodontopathic bacteria is spread extracted into methanol(MeOH), ethylacetate(EtoAc), chlorform($CHCl_3$) and Butyl alcohol(BuOH) and to measure the minimum inhibition concentration(MIC) of the bacteria against the solutions to ultimately determine antimicrobial effects of the solutions, insert bacteria sample into $20{\mu\ell}/{m\ell}$, $10{\mu\ell}/{m\ell}$, $5{\mu\ell}/{m\ell}$, $2.5{\mu\ell}/{m\ell}$ of each solution and control group(not contained solution) 1. Solution extracted into methanol did not show clear zone against all bacteria samples. Only P.nigrescens, S. mutans and S. sanguis in solution extracted into ethylacetate, S. mutans and S. anguis in solutions extracted into chlorform and Butyl alcohol showed clear zone against all bacteria samples. Solution extracted into Butyl alcohol showed clear zone against 13 types of bacteria, excluding P. gingivalis. 2. In Solution extracted into methanol, the bacteria samples grew in the highest concentrated plate, showing minimal variation from control group. 3. In Solution extracted into Butyl alcohol, S. aureus, P. intermedia, E. corrodens, A. actinomycetemcomitans, B. forsythus, P. gingivalis et al. showed decreased growth in the highest concentrated plate. P. auruginosa, R. dentocariosa, A. viscosus, P. nigrescens, S. mutans et al. showed decreased growth at MIC $20{\mu\ell}/{m\ell}$ and S. sanguis showed decreased growth at MIC $10{\mu\ell}/{m\ell}$. 4. By analyzing the MIC level through considering the results from Kirby-Bauer method, Solution extracted into methanol did not reveal any antimicrobial effects and Solution extracted into Butyl alcohol showed the highest antimicrobial effects In conclusion, it can be used the extracts of Pulsatilla koreana as wide spectrum antimicrobial agent.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제29권2호
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• pp.182-192
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• 2008

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate on the antimicrobial effect on the periodontal pathogens and anti-inflammatory effect of Eriobotryae folium. Eriobotryae folium are constituent herbs of Gagamgamroum, which has been used for a long time in oriental medicine as a herbal medicine for treating halitosis and toothache. Method: Eriobotryae folium was prepared by extracting medicinal herb with water. We investigated antimicrobial activity by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test. We also investigated inhibition of $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ collagenase (mmp-1), stromelysin-1 (mmp-3), interleukin-6 gene expression in human gingival fibroblasts using RTPCR analysis. Result: The antimicrobial effects of Eriobotryae folium was evaluated with MIC against periodontopathogens; Porphyromonas gingivalis 2561, W50, A7A1-28, 9-14K-1, Prevotella intermedia 28, and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans Y4. MICs of Eriobotryae folium were 1.25 mg/ml, 2.5 mg/ml, 0.625 mg/ml, 1.25 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml. The anti-inflammatory effect of Eriobotryae folium was evaluated with influence of herbs on the $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ expression of mmp-1, mmp-3, and interleukin-6. $IL-1{\beta}$ increased mmp-1, mmp-3, and interleukin-6 mRNA levels. Eriobotryae folium significantly inhibited $IL-1{\beta}-induced$ mmp-1, mmp-3, and interleukin-6 gene expressions in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: These results suggested that Eriobotryae folium might reduce the excessive proteolytic capacity of the gingival fibroblast during inflammation and could be developed as a new drug for periodontitis.

• 한국잡초학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.63-72
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• 1995

제초제(除草劑) Napropamide의 분해능(分解能)이 뛰어난 균주(菌株)를 선발(選拔)하고 그의 분해특성(分解特性)을 구명(究明)할 목적(目的)으로 농약(農藥) 무처리토양(無處理土壤)으로부터 세균(細菌)을 분리(分離)한 후(後) 이들 균(菌)을 Napropamide 함유(含有) NB배지(培地)에 접종(接種)하여 생존력(生存力)과 Napropamide 분해능(分解能)을 조사(調査)하였으며, 분해능(分解能)이 우수(優秀)한 세균(細菌)에 대해 Napropamide를 탄소원(炭素源) 혹은 질소원(窒素源)으로서의 이용여부(利用與否)와 반복처리(反覆處理)에 의한 세균(細菌)의 Napropamide 분해양상(分解樣相)을 조사(調査)하였는 바 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 공시토양(供試土壤)인 식양토(埴壤土)에서 분리(分離)한 세균(細菌)은 그람양성균(陽性菌) 및 그람음성균(陰性園)이 각각(各各) 4속(屬) 10균주(菌株)씩이었고, 이들 세균(細菌)의 Napropamide에 대한 생존력시험(生存力試驗)에서 공시균주(供試菌株) 모두 100ppm에서는 활발(活撥)하게 증식(增植)되었고 1500ppm까지 생존력(生存力)이 뛰어난 균주(菌株)는 Staphylococcus속(屬) 2균주(菌株), Corynebacterium속(屬) III, 기타(其他) 속(屬) II이었다. 공시균주중(供試菌株中) 20%이상(以上) Napropamide 분해능(分解能)을 가진 세균(細菌)은 Staphylococcus속(屬) II와 Actinobacillus속(屬) I이었고, 이들 두 균주(菌株)는 Napropamide를 단일(單一) 질소원(窒素源)으로서는 이용(利用)하지 못하였으나, Staphylococcus속(屬) II가 Napropamide를 단일(單一) 탄소원(炭素源)으로 이용(利用)하는 것으로 나타났다. Napropamide의 반응처리(反覆處理)에 따른 Staphylococcus속(屬) II의 공시약제(供試藥劑)의 분해(分解)는 1회처리(回處理)에서 급속(急速)히 분해(分解)되었고 2회연용처리(回連用處理) 후(後)에는 분해(分解)가 지연(遲延)되었으나 3회연용처리(回連用處理)에서는 다시 급속(急速)한 분해(分解)가 일어났다.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제40권3호
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• pp.237-243
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• 2004

심혈관질환과 관련이 있다고 보고되고 있는 치주질환 원인 세균들 Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia 및 Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans의 검출빈도를 조사하였다. 조선대학교 치과대학병원 보철과에 내원한 상하악 중 한 악에 잔존 치아가 1개 이상 있고, 그 반대편 악에 의치를 장착하고 있는 11명의 환자와 잔존치아가 전혀 없는 4명의 총의치 환자를 대상으로 의치의 관리 정도와 의치 표면 세균막에 심혈관 질환과 관련 이 있다고 보고된 치주질환 원인균의 검출 빈도를 조사하였다. 연구 결과 상악과 하악 한쪽만 총의치이고, 반대편 악에는 치아가 있는 환자의 의치 표면세균막에서 치면세균막 및 의치 표면 세균막에서 P. gingivalis와 T. forsythia가 91％(10/11)검출되었다. 또한 무치악 환자의 의치 표면 세균막에서 P. gingivalis와 T.forsythia가 각각 25％(1/4), 75％(3/4)색 검출되었다. 하지만, 총의치의 장착 정도, 1일 세척횟수 및 세척방법에 따른 4가지 치주질환 원인세균종에 대한 검출빈도를 조사한 결과 이들 간의 별다른 상관관계를 찾을 수 없었다. 이상의 연구결과로 의치 표면 세균막에도 혐기성 세균인 P. gingivalis 및 T.forsythia가 존재함을 알 수 있었으며, 면역력이 약화되어 있거나, 기존의 심혈관 질환을 가지고 있는 환자의 경우, 의치의 부적절한 관리 및 구강 연조직 손상으로 인한 심혈관 질환의 유발 또는 악화가 초래될 수 있는 가능성이 있음을 알 수 있었다.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.661-668
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• 2001

P. gingivalis를 단독면역하거나 또는 Fusobacterium nucleatum 선면역 후 P. gingivalis 항혈청을 각각 얻어냈다. 두 종류의 항혈청이 P. gingivalis biofilm을 침투해 들어가는 능력을 confocal laser scanning microscope를 이용하여 비교 감증하였다. 항혈청의 P. gingivalis에 대한 avidity index도 측정하였다. 결과적으로 F. nucleatum의 선면역은 P. gingivalis 특이 항혈청에 대해 세균성 biofilm의 침투능력을 저하시키고, 동일한 세균에 대한 avidity도 감소시켰다.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.313-320
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate association with gross lesions and causative pathogens of porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC) including porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), swine influenza virus (SIV), Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae (MH), Pasteurella multocida (PM), Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP), Haemophilus parasuis (HP) in slaughtered pigs. A total of 1,200 lung samples were collected randomly from slaughtered pigs in Korea during August of 2010 through July of 2011. The gross lesions were classified according to the six stages (0, 1~10, 11~20, 21~30, 31~40 and ${\geq}41$, unit=%) and 48 samples from each stage were selected to detect viral and bacterial pathogens. The results according to the six stages were 100 (8.3%), 259 (21.6%), 326 (27.2%), 213 (17.8%), 144 (12.0%) and 158 (13.2%) cases, respectively. Prevalence of pneumonia according to season was 87.0~96.7% and the highest prevalence was in spring. In detection of pathogens by PCR, 53 samples were not detected any causative pathogens of PRDC. PCV2, PRRSV, SIV, MH, PM, APP serotype 2, APP serotype 5 and HP were positive in 45.5%, 12.5%, 10.4%, 60.1%, 1.7%, 13.9%, 12.2% and 15.6%, respectively. In co-infection, PCV2-MH was the most detected causative pathogens of PRDC. The detection rate of PCV2 and PRRSV was the highest in spring, of SIV, MH and HP was in winter. The detection rate of APP-2 and APP-5 had no seasonal prevalence. The more severe gross lesions increased, the higher the detection rate showed.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제15권1호
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• pp.25-36
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• 1996

토양세균(土壤細菌)에 의한 myclobutanil의 분해력(分解力)과 그들의 분해특성(分解特性)을 구명(究明)하고자 농약무처리(農藥無處理) 토양(土壤)으로 부터 수종(數種)의 균주(菌株)를 분리고정(分離固定)하고 이들 세균(細菌)의 myclobutanil 분해력(分解力)과 myclobutanil에 대한 내성(耐性)을 조사(調査)하였으며, 분해능(分解能)이 비교적(比較的) 좋은 세균(細菌)에 대한 myclobutanil의 분해특성(分解特性), 즉 질소원(窒素源) 혹은 탄소원(炭素源)으로서의 myclobutanil이용성(利用性) 그리고 myclobutanil 반복처리(反覆處理), pH, 온도(溫度) 및 접종양(接種量)의 차이(差異)에 따른 myclobutanil의 분해(分解)와 세균증식(細菌增殖) 양상(樣相)을 조사(調査)하였다. 공시토양(供試土壤)으로 부터 분리(分離)하여 속(屬)까지 분류(分類)한 세균(細菌)은 그람양성세균(陽性細菌)이 Corynebaxterium속(屬), Listeria속(屬), Staphyloccus속(屬), Streptococcus속(屬) 등(等) 각(各) 1균주(菌株)씩이었고 그람음성세균(陰性細菌)로는 Actinobacillus속(屬) 3균주(菌株)와 Enterobacterium속(屬) 및 기타(其他) 속(屬) 각(各) 1균주(菌株)씩이었다. 이들 세균(細菌)들의 myclobutanil에 대한 생존력(生存力) 실험(實驗)에서 공시균주(供試菌株) 모두 55ppm까지는 왕성(旺盛)한 생육(生育)을 보였고, 70ppm 이상(以上)에서는 생육(生育)이 미약(微弱)하거나 부능(不能)이었다. 공시(供試) 균주(菌株)중 35% 이상(以上) myclobutanil 분해능력(分解能力)을 가진 세균(細菌)은 Staphyloccus속(屬) I, Actinobacillus속(屬) III 및 기타(其他) 속(屬) I이었고 이들 3균주(菌株)는 myclobutanil을 단일(單一) 질소원(窒素源) 또는 단일(單一) 탄소원(炭素源)으로 이용(利用)하는 것으로 나타났다. 이들 3균주(菌株) 모두 myclobutanil을 1회처리(回處理)와 3회반복처리시(回反覆處理時) 신속(迅速)하게 분해(分解)하였고, 균(菌)의 생육(生育)은 반복처리(反覆處理)함에 따라 점점 증가(增加)되었다. 한편 상기(上記)한 3균주(菌株)의 myclobutanil분해률(分解率)과 균증식량(菌增殖量)은 pH 5.5에서 8.5로 높아질수록 그리고 접종양(接種量)이 많아질수록 증가(增加)하였고, 이 균주(菌株)들의 온도차이(溫度差異)에 따른 myclobutanil 분해률(分解率)과 균증식정도(菌增殖程度)는 $28^{\circ}C$ > $18^{\circ}C$ > $38^{\circ}C$의 순(順)으로 높았다.