• The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers P
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• v.65 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to dimensionally examine the factors of policy changes by applying the ACMS model to KEPCO's structural reorganization privatization policies and study its implications. As a result of the analysis, among the external variables that affect as a financial source or restriction to advocates, all areas except for the difference in opinion of the people as well as policy decision and effects of other subordinate systems were shown to be in an advantageous condition acting as a financial source to advocates of structural reorganization privatization. On the other hand, advocates affected by the external variables share a certain belief system in which the advocates of privatization share the justification of profitability while the advocates of collectivization share the justification of publicness. In these flows, the announcement of the privatization plan of public enterprises of the committee of planning and budgeting acts as a matter of contact which opens the windows for policy changes, and this window goes through ignition, explosion, and fixation which causes fierce interactions among advocates of both sides. Eventually, in accordance with the contents of excluding electricity(KEPCO) from the list for privatization the window for policy changes has closed and things have changed to a transitional KEPCO privatization policy. Based on this, the first implication is that non-official participants such as the people, social organizations, labor unions, etc. influence policy changes more than they did before. Secondly, in the process of policy changes, there is an order of boundary even in the fierce interactions between each advocate. Thirdly, specific variables can play various roles in complex policy phenomenon. Fourthly, a logical analysis using the ACMS model is possible in Korea as well. Fifthly, as a result of analyzing the change process of the KEPCO structural reorganization privatization policy through the ACMS model, not all matched with the main research results implied by the ACMS model.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.345-352
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• 2011

In the present study, a three-dimensional CFD simulation on aerodynamic lift acting on windshield wiper blades was performed to improve the wiping performance of a vehicle moving at a high speed. To predict the reliable flow characteristics around the windshield wiper system, the computational domain included the full vehicle model with detailed geometry of wiper blades in the wind tunnel. From the numerical results, the drag and lift coefficients of wiper blade were obtained for the performance of windshield wiper. With this aerodynamic characteristics of windshield wiper, the effects of wiping angles and hood tip angle on the wiping performance of the windshield wiper were evaluated.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.86-94
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• 2015

This study is carried out to critically explore the direction of the improvement of the protection clauses of minor artists which is the core of Popular Culture Art Industrial Development Act enforced from July 29, 2014. The analysis shows that the law accepted the social issues such as the prevention of procuring minor prostitution, slave contracts(unfair long-term contracts), and third party's profit-extortion. However, the law missing or not specifically stated about age-based differential enforcement of work hours, dangerous acting scenes shouldn't be forced to minors, right to sleep, health, and study, as well as the penalty regulations in violation of each clause. Consequently, the Act's revision and supplementation is necessary to fully meet above insufficiencies referring to foreign practices.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.20 no.9
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• pp.1420-1425
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• 2010

Innate immunity is the first line of host defense consisting of various molecules against infectious challenges. Mannose-binding lectin (MBL) belongs to the collectin protein family which takes part of innate immunity and is able to recognize specific carbohydrates on the surface of a variety of infectious agents acting as a pattern recognition molecule. In this way, MBL differentiates self from non-self and interacts with other molecules of the immune system. MBL genotype shows various MBL2 polymorphisms which are responsible for MBL deficiency in a substantial portion of the entire human population and for susceptibility to infectious disease. Therefore, it has been highlighted in the relationship between genetic variants and clinical significance. Here we focus on presenting anoverview of our understanding of MBL structure and functions.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.35-43
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• 1983

Health institutions in Korea include a wide range of traditions, most notable of which are hospitals, clinics, pharmacies and health centers as foci for the dispension of western medicine care ; and herb clinics and shamans acting as centers for traditional medicine. Health consumers have pluralistic conceptions of illness(or disease) and act accordingly, using what they consider as appropriate medical practices. The research conducted surveyed residents of Jeomdong-Myon(a rural farming district), Guro 6-Dong(an urban district) and the Banwol(a semiurban district) area on attitudes about health institutions and their utilization of them. The results indicate that the hospital is considered the most reliable health institution, however, the most widely known and commonly used institution was the pharmacy. Hospitals and clinics were found to be utilized more frequently by those residents who were familiar with them than by others less familiar with them. In addition respondents with higher education, those with medical insurance, and those living in urban areas tended to utilize hospitals and clinics more frequently than their less educated, uninsured, or rural counterparts. Converse to the ranking of western medical institutions, traditional health institutions were rated low with regards to reliability, familiarity and utilization. This indicates that western medical care has pervaded the Korean medical system.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.149-159
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• 2005

Purpose: To determine the extent and rate of prescription drug therapy, especially polypharmacy and the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication use in Korean elderly ambulatory patients based on an explicit criterion. Methods: Performed a retrospective study of 65 years or older ambulatory patients visiting a university hospital based clinic from January 2002 to April 2004. Study determined the patterns of drug prescription per Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification and the potentially inappropriate medication usage based on explicit Beers criteria. Results: Of the 4,042 elderly patients the mean number of prescription was $2.2{\pm}2.0$, which was similar between genders and all age groups within the elderly. 10.7% of patients were prescribed with more than 5 medications concurrently. The most frequently prescribed medication was the drugs used for treating nervous system diseases (44.3%), followed by alimentary tract/metabolism disorders (27.6%), cardiovascular disease (10.7%), blood/blood forming disorders (4.3%), respiratory disorders (6.5%), and musculoskeletal diseases (3.2%). A total of 511 elderly (13%) was prescribed with medication that met the criteria for=1 potentially inappropriate drugs for the elderly. This proportion was similar between genders and all age groups within the elderly. Among these 511 elderly patients the mean number of potentially inappropriate drugs prescribed was $5.1{\pm}3.3$ drugs. Potentially inappropriately prescribed drugs included amitriptyline (76 cases), diazepam (69 cases), ketorolac (57 cases), short acting nifedipine (44 cases), triazolam (38 cases), and hydroxyzine (38 cases). Conclusion: Potentially inappropriate drug prescribing in Korean ambulatory elderly patients are common. Education programs and interventions aimed at optimizing the prescribing and dispensing of the most appropriate drugs are needed.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.44-47
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• 2012

The $TiO_2/Si_3N_4/Ag/Si_3N_4/TiO_2$ multi layered structure was designed for the possible application of transparent electrodes in PDP (Plasma Display Panel). Multi layered film was deposited on a glass substrate at room temperature by DC/RF magnetron sputtering system and EMP (Essential Macleod Program) was adopted to optimize the optical characteristics of film. During the deposition process, the Ag layer in $TiO_2/Ag/TiO_2$ became heavily oxidized and the filter characteristic was degraded easily. In thus study, Si3N4 layer was used as a diffusion buffer layer between $TiO_2$ and Ag. in order to prevent the oxidation of Ag layer in $TiO_2/Si_3N_4/Ag/Si_3N_4/TiO_2$ structure. It was confirmed that $Si_3N_4$ layer is one of candidate materials acting as diffusin barrier between $TiO_2/Ag/TiO_2$.

• BMB Reports
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• v.50 no.3
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• pp.126-131
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• 2017

P48 Ebp1 is expressed in rapidly proliferating cells such as cancer cells and accelerates cell growth and survival. However, its expression pattern and role in central nervous system development have not been studied. Here, we demonstrated the spatiotemporal expression pattern of p48 Ebp1 during embryonic development and the postnatal period. During embryonic development, p48 Ebp1 was highly expressed in the brain. Expression gradually decreased after birth but was still more abundant than p42 expression after birth. Strikingly, we found that p48 Ebp1 was expressed in a cell type specific manner in neurons but not astrocytes. Moreover, p48 Ebp1 physically interacted with beta tubulin but not alpha tubulin. This fits with its accumulation in distal microtubule growth cone regions. Furthermore, in injured hippocampal slices, p48 Ebp1 introduction promoted axon regeneration. Thus, we speculate that p48 Ebp1 might contribute to microtubule dynamics acting as an MAP and promotes CNS axon regeneration.

• Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.637-645
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• 1999

Two putative regulator genes, mocR and mocS, of the moc (mannityl opine catabolism) operons in pTi15955 of the octopine-/mannityl opine-type Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain 15955, were tested for their possible roles as repressors in the moc operons. The regions upstream of macC and mocD, the first structural genes in the two divergently oriented moc operons, were transcriptionally fused into the promoterless lacZ reporter gene. Each of the lacZ-fusions was introduced into Agrobacterium strain UIA5, a Ti plasmid-cured derivative, harboring either a mocR or a mocS clone. The resulting strains were grown in media containing various sugar sources, and the $\beta$-galactosidase activities were quantitatively measured. The results suggested that MocR repressed the expression of macC and macD. The expression of the fused $\beta$-galactosidase was not induced by mannopine (MOP) or possible catabolic intermediates of the opine, e.g. santhopine (SOP), glucose, mannose, or glutamine. However, the repression was significantly relieved by the supplementation of MOP and the concomitant introduction of the agcA gene encoding MOP cyclase that catalyzes the lactonization of MOP to agropine (AGR). These results suggested that AGR, rather than MOP or the other catabolic intermediates, is the inducer for the expression of the operon. On the contrary to previous report showing that the induction levels of macC and macD were lowered by the supplementation of inorganic nitrogen in media, the expression of these genes was not affected by the level of nitrogen in our reporter system. MocS did not strongly repress the expressions of macC and mocD. It is possible that MocS may be involved in the regulation of the operons present downstream of the moc operon, which are responsible for the utilization of mannopinic acid and agropinic acid.

• Journal of Navigation and Port Research
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• v.29 no.1 s.97
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• pp.1-7
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• 2005

In order to secure the traffic safety especially in the entrance waterway of harbour, it is important that the breakwater and the port facilities should be designed properly considering ship-handling difficulty and traffic flow. In this study, the lateral force acting on ship hull under the external force(wind, current, wave) is investigated quantitatively for the container ship approaching to the Busan and Gamcheon breakwater. The relation of ship-handling difficulty to the breakwater and the arrangement of ship's routine are examined based on the lateral force under the external force. Some of reviews to secure traffic safety on the design of breakwater are discussed.