• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제26권8호
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• pp.1235-1240
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• 2005

A combination of electrospray ionization and tandem mass spectrometry was used to characterize the scavenging reactions of acrylamide (AA) in the presence of glutathione (GSH) in vitro. In the presence of GSH, AA was deactivated effectively and scavenged by reactions consuming small amount of GSH. Reaction products and structural information were identified using collision-induced dissociation (CID) in an ion trap mass spectrometer. In the mixture of GSH and AA, significant increase in abundance of fragment ion peak was observed at m/z 233, which was identified as $[Cys-Glu]^+$, formed by the elimination of glycine moiety of GSH. GSH also contributes to the AA scavenging reaction by conjugating with AA through the sulfhydryl group in cysteine moiety. The probable scavenging reaction pathway of AA in the presence of GSH has been proposed based on the CID experimental data.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제10권8호
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• pp.2005-2014
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• 2009

PDLC 필름을 제작하는 데는 여러 방법들이 있으나 그중 하나로서 에멀젼 기술에 기반을 둔 NCAP필름 제조방법이 있다. 이러한 에멀젼 기술은 물에 부분적으로 용해될 수 있는 PVA, PVP와 같은 고분자로 NCAP를 제조할 수 있고, 또한 안정제 없이도 안정한 액정 에멀젼을 형성할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 물에 녹는 것과 물에 녹지 않는 부분을 가지고 있는 분자로 구성된 공중합체에 대하여 에멀젼의 안정성과 계면장력, 표면장력이 공중합체의 구성, 농도, 소수성 체인 등에 의존한다는 것도 연구하였다. Acrylamide-styrene(AA-ST)계 공중합체는 같은 농도조건에서 사용한 다른 공중합체보다 낮은 계면장력을 나타낸다. 낮은 계면장력 때문에 AA-ST 공중합체는 액정분자들과 좋은 친화성을 갖는다. 또한 액정표면에 쉽게 흡수되는 분자들이 액정 에멀젼 시스템을 더 안정화하다는 것과 형태학적 분석을 통한 액정의 안정성도 논의하였다.

• Journal of the Optical Society of Korea
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• 제11권4호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2007

The highest diffraction efficiency(DE) value after illumination and post-curing of photopolymer films were obtained at the $SeO_2$/Acrylamide(AA) Ratios of AA 3.0 g, $SeO_2$ 1.0g and the DE's were stable values of over 90%. By the addition of $SeO_2$, the maximum DE at the initial stage of illumination was reached at 300 seconds, which suggests $SeO_2$ slows down the photopolymerization of AA, which enhances the maximum DE value by giving more migration time. DE variation curve for the optimum composition during extended-time illumination of 9,000 seconds resembles a sine curve due to the combination of the monomer diffusion and the photopolymerization, and the photopolymer film expanded by about 8% after photopolymerization due to monomer migration.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제12권1호
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• pp.61-67
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• 2000

This study was carried out to develope antimicrobial artificial suede by coating with water soluble polyurethane resin and the copolymer of N,N'-dialkyl-N,N'-dialkyl ammonium chloride (DADAAC) and acrylamide as a antimicrobial additve. The copolymer of DADAAC and acrylamide was synthesized by free radical initiation and intra-intermolecular propagation, and the prepared copolymers had sufficient compatibility with water soluble polyurethane resin. The MIC values of the prepared copolymers and antimicrobial characteristics of the artificial suede coated by polyurethane were evaluated. With the increase in the proportion of DADAAC, which is antimicrobially active part in the DADAAC/acrylamide copolymers, the MIC value becomes lower. The MIC value of DADAAC-AA (1 : 1) copolymer is below 30 ppm against S. aureus, and below 90 ppm against K pneumoniae. The artificial suede coated by water soluble polyurethane resin with 1.0% owl concentration of DADAAC/acrylamide copolymer has good antimicrobial fastness as to show colony reduction of above 90% and 80% against S. aureus and K. pneumoniae respectively in the shake flask test after 10 times of washing, and above 95% and 85% after 10 times of dry-cleaning. The elastic recovery of coated suede fabric is not affected up to 1.0% owf concentration of DADAAC-AA copolymer in the polyurethane coating.

• 한국환경보건학회지
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• 제42권4호
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• pp.235-245
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• 2016

Objectives: This study estimated the adult Korean daily intake of acrylamide (AA) and investigated its relationship with demographic, lifestyle and dietary habits by using urinary concentrations of N-acetyl-S-(2-carbamoylethyl)-cysteine (AAMA). Methods: Human data (n=1870) was collected in a nationwide cross-sectional biomonitoring program representing the population (18-69 years) residing in South Korea. Urinary AAMA was analyzed with a LC-MS/MS system. Daily intakes of AA were estimated using mass daily AAMA, which was calculated through urinary AAMA concentration and daily creatinine excretion. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS procedures for calculating geometric means, confidence intervals and the exponentiated beta coefficient of multiple linear regressions. Results: Daily intake of AA was estimated at $0.475{\mu}g/kg$ body weight (BW) per day (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.447-0.503). In the case of current smokers, AA intake was $0.957{\mu}g/kg$ BW per day (95% CI: 0.847-1.067), which was significantly higher than that of former smokers and never smoked (p<0.0001). The strong affecting factors were age (95% CI: 0.68-1.14; p=0.0180), education level (95% CI: 1.05-1.42; p=0.0163), body mass index (BMI) (95% CI: 1.00-1.82; p<0.0001), and smoking status (95% CI: 0.97-3.05; p<0.0001). Korean dietary habits increasing AA intake were coffee (p=0.0005), cup noodles (p=0.0010) and canned foods (p=0.0005). Meanwhile, foods decreasing AA intake were fresh fruit (p=0.0076), cooked beef (p=0.0335) and cooked pork (p=0.0147). Conclusion: The Korean daily intake of AA in adults was estimated to be similar with those found in developed countries. The factors increasing daily AA intake were coffee, cup noodles and canned foods, and decreasing factors were fresh fruit, cooked beef and cooked pork.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제10권6호
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• pp.49-54
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• 1998

The antimicrobial activities of the copolymer of N,N'-dimethyl-N,N'-diallyl ammonium chloride (DMDAAC) and acrylamide(AA) were investigated. A series of copolymers with various ratios of DMDAAC and AA were prepared by free radical initiation via an intra-intermolecular propagation mechanism, ie, cyclopolymerization, and the antimicrobial activities of the prepared copolymers were measured by minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) test. The copolymers were, then, methylolated under basic condition for reactivity with hydroxyl group of cellulose. Both antimicrobial activity and fastness to laundering of the cotton fabrics finished using the methylolated copolymers were evaluated. From the results it was shown that the copolymers with different ratios of DMDAAC and AA have MIC values in the range of 1∼100ppm. As the ratio of AA in the copolymers increases, the anitmicrobial activity decreases. The fastness of the cotton fabric finished by the methyolated copolymers to 10 repeated launderings in anionic commercial detergent is good enough to show colony reduction above 90％ regardless of DMDAAC and AA ratios.

• Elastomers and Composites
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.209-216
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• 2004

Polyurethane prepolymer에 2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate(HEMA)와 acrylamide(AA)를 반응 시켜 두 가지 타입의 polyurethane-acrylate 중합체들을 합성하였다. 합성된 중합체들을 소량의 benzyl chloride와 증류수를 이용하여 수용성 중합체인 폴리우레탄-아크릴레이트계 양이온성 보류향상제를 제조하였다. 이렇게 두 가지 형태로 제조된 중합체에 대하여 보류향상제로서 중요한 특성인 보류, 탈수특성 및 비압축강도 등의 물성들을 다양한 방법으로 고찰하였다. 합성된 폴리우레탄-아크릴레이트계 양이온성 보류향상제는 rpm에 따라 큰 변화 없이 70% 내외의 보류도를 유지하였으며, 합성한 보류향상제의 첨가로 인한 화학적 산소 요구량(COD)의 경우는 미첨가시의 COD보다 상당히 낮은 값이 관찰되었다. 탈수량의 경우 무처리한 펄프보다 보류향상제의 처가 시에 탈수성이 향상되었으며, 보류향상제의 첨가 시 비압축강도가 소량 증가되었고, PU-HEMA가 PU-AA보다 우수한 강도를 나타내었다.

• 폴리머
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2009

BA와 MMA 그리고 1$\sim$5 wt%/monomer의 다양한 관능성 단량체(AA, 2-HEMA, GMA, AAm)를 사용하여 수용성 아크릴계 점착제를 중합하였다. 점착박리강도를 향상시키기 위해 대기압 평판형 플라즈마 전처리 방식을 피착제에 사용하였다. 관능성 단량체 종류에 따라 AA>2-HEMA>GMA>AAm의 순으로 높은 점착박리강도를 나타내었다. 유지력은 관능성 단량체의 함량이 증가함에 따라 열적 성질이 증가하여 전체적으로 AA>AAm>GMA>2-HEMA순으로 우수한 유지력을 나타내었다. 피착면에 평판형 플라즈마 전처리 방식을 적용한 결과 AA 9.1%, 2-HEMA 9.4%, GMA 9.4%, AAm 1.8%의 후기점착박리강도 증가를 확인할 수 있었다. 결론적으로, 다양한 관능성 단량체와 플라즈마 표면 처리법을 사용하여 점착박리강도, 유지력과 같은 기계적 물성을 조절할 수 있었다.

• Macromolecular Research
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2006

Four different molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared using resveratrol as the template, methacrylic acid (MAA) or acrylamide (AA) as functional monomers, 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as the initiator, and thermo- or photo-induced polymerization. The ability of the different polymers to rebind selectively not only the template but also other phenols was evaluated. In parallel, the influence of the different templates and functional monomers used during polymer syntheses on the performance of the obtained MIPs was also studied through different rebinding experiments. The binding ability and selectivity of the polymer were studied by static balance method and Scatchard analysis. It was concluded that AA-based polymer by photo-induced polymerization presents the best properties to be used as a selective absorbent for the extraction of resveratrol.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제52권6호
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• pp.814-820
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• 2014

본 연구에서는 토크 측정과 고압 시차주사 열량계를 이용하여 pyrrolidone, caprolactam, acrylamide 계열 수용성 고분자들의 하이드레이트 저해 성능을 평가하였다. 실험 결과, 세 종류의 고분자가 모두 동역학적인 하이드레이트 생성억제제 효과를 나타내는 것으로 확인되었으며, 특히 0.5 wt% polyvinylcaprolactam (PVCap)의 경우 34.4분의 하이드레이트 유도 시간, 15.9 K의 subcooling 성능을 보이며 12.3 분, 6.0 K의 순수 물 시스템보다 월등한 저해 성능을 나타내었다. 0.5 wt% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)의 경우 중간 정도의 저해 성능을 보였으며, polyacrylamide-co-acrylic acid partial sodium salt (PAM-co-AA)의 경우 각각 0.5 wt%와 5.0 wt%의 농도에서 미미한 하이드레이트 저해 성능을 보였다. 반면에 생성된 하이드레이트 입자의 성장속도와 생성 양에서는 PAM-co-AA가 PVCap과 더불어 가장 월등한 저해 효과를 나타내었다. 또 다른 주요 성능 평가 요소 중 하나인 토크 변화의 경우에는 PVCap이 평균 토크 6.4 N cm로 가장 좋은 성능을 보였으며, 0.5 wt%의 PAM-co-AA 시스템이 평균 7.2 N cm의 값으로 그 뒤를 이었다. 고압 시차주사 열량계를 이용한 수용성 고분자 물질의 저해 성능 평가 실험의 결과는 autoclave 실험의 결과와 유사하였다. PVCap을 첨가한 경우 하이드레이트가 생성되기까지의 유도시간이 가장 길어서 저해성능이 뛰어난 것을 확인하였다.