• 한국음향학회지
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.38-46
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• 1999

본 논문에서는 보청기에서의 적응궤환 제거 성능을 개선하기 위한 방법들을 제안하였다. 첫번째 방법은 순시 경사치를 모니터링하여 최적해를 추적해 가는 것으로 직교원리를 이용한 음향학적 궤환제거 방법이고 다른 하나는 본 실험실에서 제안된 적응 알고리즘인 보상기를 가진 적응알고리즘을 이용한 방법이다. 다양한 시뮬레이션 조건하에서 본 논문에서 제안된 적응 궤환제거 방법이 Greenberg가 제안한 합-방식(Sum-method) 최소자승오차 알고리즘 보다 시스템 부정합, 신호대 잡음비(SNR: Signal-to-Noise Ratio) 및 세그멘트 SNR에서 훨씬 좋은 성능을 나타내었다. 또한 적응 궤환제거에 있어서 직교원리를 이용한 방법은 시뮬레이션에서 보상기를 가진 적응알고리즘을 이용한 방법과 유사한 성능을 나타내었다.

• 한국추진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국추진공학회 2008년 영문 학술대회
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• pp.837-841
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• 2008

Propulsion of gene coated micro-particles is desired for non-intrusive drug delivery inside biological tissue. This has been achieved by the development of a device that uses high power laser pulses. The present paper looks at the mechanisms of micro-particle acceleration. Initially, a high power laser pulse is focused onto the front side of a thin aluminium foil leading to its ablation. The ablation front drives a compression wave inside the foil, thus leading to the formation of a shock wave, which will later reflect from the rear side of the foil, due to acoustic impedance mismatch. The reflected wave will induce an opposite motion of the foil, characterized by a very high speed, of the order of several millimeters per microsecond. Micro-particles, which are deposited on the rear side of the foil, thus get accelerated and ejected as micro-projectiles and are able to penetrate several hundreds of micrometers inside tissue-like material. These processes have been observed experimentally by using high-speed shadowgraphy and considered analytically.

• 대한임상검사과학회지
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• 제52권3호
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• pp.194-201
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• 2020

잠복기와 전위는 MMN의 측정 매개변수이다. 이 매개변수의 수치는 자극방안에 따라 민감하게 변한다. MMN 검사를 위해 주파수 차이를 자극변이로 이용하는 자극방안이 잘 알려져 있다. 이 자극방안을 이용하여 건강하고 젊은 성인에서 MMN 검사를 하고 매개변수의 참고치를 구하는 것이 본 연구의 목적이다. 저자들은 10명의 정상성인을 모집하였다. 이들의 연령은 평균 25.5세이고, 3명은 여성 7명은 남성이었다. MMN 검사를 위한 청각 자극방안에서 표준소리의 주파수는 1,000 Hz, 변이소리의 주파수는 1,032 Hz였다. MMN의 평균잠복기와 평균전위가 Fz에서 202 ms 와 1.88 ㎶, Cz에서 207 ms와 1.46 ㎶, C3에서 212 ms와 1.10 ㎶, 그리고 C4에서 214 ms와 1.45 ㎶였다. MMN의 잠복기와 전위사이에 상관성은 관찰되지 않았다. 본 연구는 적용하기 쉬운 표준자극방안으로 검사한 MMN의 잠복기와 전위의 참고치를 제시하였다. 이 정보는 임상과 기초연구에서 MMN의 유용성을 높일 것이다.

• 한국결정성장학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정성장학회 1996년도 The 9th KACG Technical Annual Meeting and the 3rd Korea-Japan EMGS (Electronic Materials Growth Symposium)
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• pp.75-87
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• 1996

This review is presented under the following headings: 1.Introduction 1.1 Brief review of the properties of AlN 1.2 Historical survey of work on ceramic and single crystal AlN 2.Thermochemical background 3.Crystal growth 4.Doping 5.Potential applications and future work The known properties of AlN which make it of interest for various are discussed briefly. The properties include chemical stability, crystal structure and lattice constants, refractive indices and other optical properties, dielectric constant, surface acoustic wave velocity and thermal conductivity. The history of work in single crystals, thin films and ceramics are outlined and the thermochemistry of AlN reviewed together with some of the relevant properties of aluminium and nitrogen; the problems encountered in growing crystals of AlN are shown to arise directly from these thermochemical relationships. Methods have been reported in the literature for growing AlN crystals from melts, solution and vapour and these methods are compared critically. It is proposed that the only practicable approach to the growth of AlN is by vapour phase methods. All vapour based procedures share the share the same problems: $.$the difficulty of preventing contamination by oxygen & carbon $.$the high bond energy of molecular nitrogen $.$the refractory nature of AlN (melting point~3073K at 100ats.) $.$the high reactivity of Al at high temperatures It is shown that the growth of epitactic layers and polycrystalline layers present additional problems: $.$chemical incompatibility of substrates $.$crystallographic mismatch of substrates $.$thermal mismatch of substrates The result of all these problems is that there is no good substrate material for the growth of AlN layers. Organometallic precursors which contain an Al-N bond have been used recently to deposit AlN layers but organometallic precursors gave the disadvantage of giving significant carbon contamination. Organometallic precursors which contain an Al-N bound have been used recently to deposit AlN layers but organometallic precursors have the disadvantage of giving significant carbon contamination. It is conclude that progress in the application of AlN to optical and electronic devices will be made only if considerable effort is devoted to the growth of larges, pure (and particularly, oxygen-free) crystals. Progress in applications of epi-layers and ceramic AlN would almost certainly be assisted also by the availability of more reliable data on the pure material. The essential features of any stategy for the growth of AlN from the vapour are outlined and discussed.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 추계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.112-112
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• 2009

In this study, the effect of a long post-deposition thermal annealing(600 and 1000 $^{\circ}C$) on the surface acoustic wave (SAW) properties of polycrystalline (poly) aluminum-nitride (AlN) thin films grown on a 3C-SiC buffer layer was investigates. The poly-AlN thin films with a (0002) preferred orientation were deposited on the substrates by using a pulsed reactive magnetron sputtering system. Experimental results show that the texture degree of AlN thin film was reduced along the increase in annealing temperature, which caused the decrease in the electromechanical coupling coefficient ($k^2$). The SAW velocity also was decreased slightly by the increase in root mean square (RMS) roughness over annealing temperature. However, the residual stress in films almost was not affect by thermal annealing process due to small lattice mismatch different and similar coefficient temperature expansion (CTE) between AlN and 3C-SiC. After the AlN film annealed at 1000 $^{\circ}C$, the insertion loss of an $IDT/AlN/3C-SiC/SiO_2/Si$ structure (-16.44 dB) was reduced by 8.79 dB in comparison with that of the as-deposited film (-25.23 dB). The improvement in the insertion loss of the film was fined according to the decrease in the grain size. The characteristics of AlN thin films were also evaluated using Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) spectra and X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and atomic force microscopy (AFM) images.

• 한국전기전자재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국전기전자재료학회 2009년도 하계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.235-235
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• 2009

This paper describes the influence of a polycrystalline (poly) 3C-SiC buffer layer on the surface acoustic wave (SAW) properties of poly aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films by comparing the center frequency, insertion loss, the electromechanical coupling coefficient ($k^2$), andthetemperaturecoefficientoffrequency(TCF) of an IDT/AlN/3C-SiC structure with those of an IDT/AlN/Si structure, The poly-AlN thin films with an (0002)-preferred orientation were deposited on a silicon (Si) substrate using a pulsed reactive magnetron sputtering system. Results show that the insertion loss (21.92 dB) and TCF (-18 ppm/$^{\circ}C$) of the IDT/AlN/3C-SiC structure were improved by a closely matched coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) and small lattice mismatch (1 %) between the AlN and 3C-SiC. However, a drawback is that the $k^2(0.79%)$ and SAW velocity(5020m/s) of the AlN/3C-SiC SAW device were reduced by appearing in some non-(0002)AlN planes such as the (10 $\bar{1}$ 2) and (10 $\bar{1}$ 3) AlN planes in the AlN/SiC film. Although disadvantages were shown to exist, the use of the AlN/3C-SiC structure for SAW applications at high temperatures is possible. The characteristics of the AlN thin films were also evaluated using FT-IR spectra, XRD, and AFM images.

• 한국위성정보통신학회논문지
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.43-46
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• 2013

영상을 적극적으로 사용하는 종교 시설과 같은 장소에서는 스크린 높이에 따라 메인 스피커의 높이가 결정된다. 이로 인해 '음상불일치'와 '저음부스팅'과 같은 음향 장애 요인이 발생하여 시각적으로 좋은 자리인 앞 좌석이 음향적으로는 좋지 않은 장소가 되고 만다. 이러한 음향적 장애를 최소화하기 위해서는 프론트필(Front-fill) 스피커를 적극적으로 도입할 필요가 있으며, 스크린 때문에 높아진 메인 스피커와의 거리 및 음압 차이에 따라 적합한 용량을 결정해야 한다. 프론트필 스피커를 적극적으로 사용하여 음상일치(音像一致)를 구현함으로써 음의 집중도를 높이고, 고음(高音) 유입이 상대적으로 부족한 앞좌석에 중고음을 보강하여 주파수 응답을 고르게 구현할 수 있다. 멀티미디어 환경에서 주요 좌석인 앞쪽 열에 메인 스피커의 부족한 부분을 보완하여 더 쾌적한 음향 환경을 구현하기 위해 프론트필 스피커를 적극적으로 도입할 필요가 있으며, 이에 대한 구체적인 기준안 제시가 필요하다.

• 비파괴검사학회지
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.235-241
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• 2009

Composite wood materials are very sensitive to water and inspection without any coupling medium of a liquid is really needed to wood materials due to the permeation of coupling medium such as water. However, air-coupled ultrasound has obvious advantages over water-coupled experimentation compared with conventional C-scanner. In this work, it is desirable to perform contact-less nondestructive evaluation to assess wood material homogeneity. A wood material was nondestructively characterized with non-contact and contact modes to measure ultrasonic velocity using automated data acquisition software. We have utilized a proposed peak-delay measurement method. Also through transmission mode was performed because of the main limitation for air-coupled transducers, which is the acoustic impedance mismatch between most materials and air. The variation of ultrasonic velocity was found to be somewhat difference due to air-coupled limitations over conventional scan images. However, conventional C-scan images are well agreed with increasing the resin-infiltrated time as expected. Finally, we have developed a measurement system of an ultrasonic velocity based on data acquisition software for obtaining ultrasonic quantitative data for correlation with C-scan images.

• Journal of Audiology & Otology
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2021

Cortical deafness is a clinical rarity whereby a patient is unresponsive to all types of sounds despite the preserved integrity of the peripheral hearing organs. In this study, we present a patient who suddenly lost his hearing following ischaemic infarcts in both temporal lobes with no other neurological deficits. The CT confirmed damage to the primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus) of both hemispheres. Initially, the patient was unresponsive to all sounds, however, he regained some of the auditory abilities during 10 months follow up. Pure tone threshold improvement from complete deafness to the level of moderate hearing loss in the right ear and severe in the left was observed in pure tone audiometry. Otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses, and acoustic reflex findings showed normal results. The middle and late latency potential results confirmed objectively the improvement of the patient's hearing, however, after 10 months still, they were somewhat compromised on both sides. In speech audiometry, there was no comprehension of spoken words neither at 3 nor at 10 months. The absent mismatch negativity confirmed above mentioned comprehension deficit. The extensive auditory electrophysiological testing presented in this study contributes to the understanding of the neural and functional changes in cortical deafness. It presents the evolution of changes after ischaemic cerebrovascular event expressed as auditory evoked potentials starting from short through middle and long latency and ending with event-related potentials and supported by neuroimaging.

• 대한청각학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.163-170
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• 2021

Cortical deafness is a clinical rarity whereby a patient is unresponsive to all types of sounds despite the preserved integrity of the peripheral hearing organs. In this study, we present a patient who suddenly lost his hearing following ischaemic infarcts in both temporal lobes with no other neurological deficits. The CT confirmed damage to the primary auditory cortex (Heschl's gyrus) of both hemispheres. Initially, the patient was unresponsive to all sounds, however, he regained some of the auditory abilities during 10 months follow up. Pure tone threshold improvement from complete deafness to the level of moderate hearing loss in the right ear and severe in the left was observed in pure tone audiometry. Otoacoustic emissions, auditory brainstem responses, and acoustic reflex findings showed normal results. The middle and late latency potential results confirmed objectively the improvement of the patient's hearing, however, after 10 months still, they were somewhat compromised on both sides. In speech audiometry, there was no comprehension of spoken words neither at 3 nor at 10 months. The absent mismatch negativity confirmed above mentioned comprehension deficit. The extensive auditory electrophysiological testing presented in this study contributes to the understanding of the neural and functional changes in cortical deafness. It presents the evolution of changes after ischaemic cerebrovascular event expressed as auditory evoked potentials starting from short through middle and long latency and ending with event-related potentials and supported by neuroimaging.