• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.435-440
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• 1989

The present study was attempted to investigate the mutagenicities of carbonyl compounds(methyl glyoxal, glyoxal, diacetyl, dihydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde, glyceraldehyde and furfural) derived from Maillard reaction toward Salmonella typhimurium TA 100(base-substitution mutant) without metabolic activation . And for further Investigation of mutagenicity mechanism including desmutagenicity, active oxygen scavengers (cysteine, ${\alpha}-tocopherol$, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, catalase, ascorbic acid) and reducing agents (glutathione, sodium bisulfite) were also used. Among carbonyl compounds tested, methyl glyoxal, glyoxal, dihydroxyacetone, glycolaldehyde and glyceraldehyde exhibited mutagenicities, and methyl glyoxal showed the strongest mutagenic activity. On the other hand , the mutagenicities of carbonyl compounds were significantly suppressed by cysteine, tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane, glutathione and sodium bisulfite. Also, these active oxygen scavengers and reducing agents alone did not show mutagenicity in the present study.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 1999

Purpose: The aims of this study are to measure the serum levels of fat soluble vitamins (vitamin A and D) from bile duct ligated rats, and to evaluate the effect of oral bile acids administration to facilitate absorption of fat soluble vitamins. Methods: We measured serum ALT, total bilirubin, vitamin A, and vitamin D of Sprague-Dawley rats 1 week before and 4 weeks after experimental bile duct ligation. Rats were consisted with 3 groups. Group 2 had been fed bile acids and group 3 ursodeoxycholic acid after operation for 4 weeks. Multi-vitamin was given to all groups. Results: 1) Base line (mean value before duct ligation): ALT 74.2 IU, total bilirubin 0.26 mg/dL; vitamin D 13.01 ng/mL vitamin A $0.87\;{\mu}g/mL$, total bile acids $25.16\;{\mu}mol/L$. 2) Four weeks after ligation: ALT 100.7 IU, total bilirubin 2.58 mg/dL; vitamin D 7.89 ng/mL vitamin A $1.37{\mu}g/mL$, total bile acids $278.22\;{\mu}mol/L$. 3) 4 weeks after ligation, each group (group 1, group 2 and group 3) showed vitamin D (7.62, 8.10 and 7.99) ng/mL, vitamin A (1.68, 1.06 and 1.33) ${\mu}g/mL$, total bile acids (233.17, 345.80 and 268.57) ${\mu}mol/L$, which were statistically not significant. Conclusion: Serum level of vitamin A is increased after bile duct ligation although vitamin D is decreased. Oral administration of bile acids does not affect the serum levels of vitamin A and D in bile duct ligated rats.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.110-117
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• 1995

Tc-99m Labeled hexamethylenepropyleneamineoxime ([$^{99m}Tc$]-HMPAO) is a famous amino-oxime compound and is widely used to construct SPECT images of cerebral blood flow. To investigate the relationship between chemical structure and radiolabeling in these kind of diamine-oxime compounds, we synthesized seven compounds by Schiff's base formation and successive reduction with sodium borohydride. They were (RR/SS )-4,8-diaza-3,6,6,9-tetramethylundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (2), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,9-dimethy-lundecane-2,10-dione bisoxime (4), (RR/SS/meso)-4,8-diaza-3,10-dimethyldodecane-2,11-dione bisoxime (5), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-3,6,6,8-tetramethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (8), (RR/SS/meso)-4,7-diaza-5,6-cyclohexyl-3,8-dimethyldecane-2,9-dione bisoxime (10), (RR/SS/meso)-3,4-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-1-butyl)-benzoic acid (12), and (RR/SS/ meso)-2,3-bis(1-aza-2-methyl-3-oxime-1-butyl) benzophenone (14). Chemical structures of all the synthesized compounds were identified by taking $^1H$ spectrum. Among them, 2 and 4 are propyleneamine oxime (PnAO), 6 is butyleneamine oxime (BnAO) and 8, 10, 12 and 14 are ethyleneamine oxime (EnAO). Each compound (0.5 mg) was incubated with stannous chloride (0.5 g - 8 g), carbonate-bicarbonate buffer (final concentration = 0.1 M, pH 7 - pH 10) and Tc-99m-pertechenate (1 ml). Tc-99m labeling of these compounds were checked by ITLC (acetone), ITLC (normal saline), reverse phase TLC (50 % acetonitrile) and ITLC (ethyl acetate). According to the results, EnAO's were not labeled by Tc-99m in any of above condition. About 11 % of maximum labeling efficiency was obtained with BnAO. However, 4 (PnAO) was labeled with Tc-99m to 85 % which is similar to the labeling efficiency of 2 (HMPAO). Hydrophilic impurity (9 % ) was the most significant problem with the labeling of 4, however, pertechnetate (3 % ) and colloid (3 %) were minor problem. In conclusion, we synthesized seven diamine blsoxlme compounds. Among them, four EnAO compounds were not labeled by Tc-99m. A BnAO was labeled poorly and two PnAO's were labeled well. These labeling can be explained by tertiary structure of their Tc-99m chelate.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.11-19
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• 2016

Objectives: Exposure to volatile organic compounds such as trichloroethylene(TCE) and perchloroethylene(PCE), along with Agent Orange, that were issued around Camp Carroll US Army Base situated in Waegwan, Chilgok-gun, Gyeongsangbuk-do Province, Korea. The main objective of this study was to assess the exposure to TCE and PCE of residents of the area surrounding Camp Carroll. Methods: The TCE, PCE and trichloroethanol(TCEOH) concentrations in blood and trichlroroacetic acid(TCA) and TCEOH concentrations in urine were measured and analyzed in a total of 1,033 residents around Camp Carroll. TCA and TCEOH are metabolites of TCE and PCE, respectively. The information on demographic characteristics and exposure variables in relation to underground water were obtained through a questionnaire completed by the subjects. Results: TCE, PCE and TCEOH concentrations were not detected in blood. Detection rates of TCA and TECOH concentrations in urine were 98.5% and 36.6%, respectively. Creatinine-corrected average TCA and TCEOH concentrations were $12.23{\pm}23.81{\mu}g/g$ and $0.66{\pm}4.31{\mu}g/g$, respectively. A significant difference was not shown between the drinking group and no drinking group for underground water, which was assumed as a potential route of exposure to TCE and PCE through the consumption of ground water. However, females drinking ground water showed a significantly higher mean level of TCA in urine than did males. There was no significant difference according to drinking ground water as a potential source of exposure to TCE and PCE in residents around Camp Carroll. Conclusions: Considering the statistical analysis of factors affecting exposure to TCE and PCE in ground water along with previous reports, TCA in urine as exposure to TCE and PCE might not be appropriate because it is found in chlorinated drinking water. Therefore, TCA concentration in urine may be the result of drinking of chlorinated water.

• Proceedings of the Korean Radioactive Waste Society Conference
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.101-109
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• 2005

In order to produce only a pH-controlled solution without discharging any unused solution, this work has developed a continuous electrolytic system with a pH-adjustment reservoir being placed before an ion exchange membrane-equipped electrolyzer, where as a target solution was fed into the pH-adjustment reservoir, some portion of the solution in the pH-adjustment reservoir was circulated through the cathodic or anodic chamber of the electrolyzer depending on the type of the ion exchange membrane used, and some other portion of the solution in the pH-adjustment reservoir was discharged from the electrolytic system through other counter chamber with its pH being controlled as acid or base. The phenomena of the pH being controlled in the system could be explained by the electro-migration of the ion species in the solution through the ion exchange membrane under a cell potential difference between anode and cathode and its consequently-occurring non-charge equilibriums and electrolytic water- split reactions in the anodic and cathodic chambers.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.321-326
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• 2006

Thermal degradation of styrene dimer fraction (SDF, main compound: 47 wt% of 1,3-diphenylpropane), 5~15% of total products produced during decomposition of waste expanded polystyrene (WEPS) was investigated. Reaction condition of $360^{\circ}C$, and 152 kPa to 202 kPa was an optimum for high pressure degradation. Under this operating condition, the yield of oil was 73.8% and the selectivities to Ben, Tol, EB, SM, and AMS were 0.4, 30.9, 15.0, 19.6, and 4.2%, respectively. Non-catalytic fixed bed continuous degradation was conducted at reaction temperatures of $510{\sim}610^{\circ}C$ and contact time ranges of 2~24 min, where the yield was increased by increasing of reaction temperature and contact time. A $Cr_2O_3$ catalyst showed the highest activity and SM yield among acid, base, and redox catalysts. The conversion of 74.6% and the yield of Ben, Tol, EB, SM, and AMS were 0.4, 21.6, 9.7, 17.9, and 3.5%, respectively at $560^{\circ}C$ and contact time of 24 min. It is thought that styrene is converted to EB and other secondary products throughout the formation of diradicals of styrene.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.355-360
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• 2004

In Korean beef market, one of the major problems is mislabeling or fraudulent distribution of Holstein dairy meat or imported beef as domestic Hanwoo meat. Therefore, there has been a great need for a development of technology to identify beef breeds in meat and meat products. This study was carried out to develop the accurate and reliable method for the identification of beef breed using PCR-RFLP marker of MC1R, MGF and TYRPl genes affecting coat colors in cattle. A single base substitution (G\longrightarrowT transition) at the codon for amino acid position 104 of MC1R gene was identified between Hanwoo and Holstein and Angus breeds. The change at this position creates Msp I restriction site in Holstein and Angus, but not in Hanwoo. When the DNA amplified products (537 bp) was digested with Msp I, Hanwoo meat showed a single band of 537bp, while two fragments of 329bp and 208 bp were observed in Holstein meat and Angus breed, respectively. Thus, breed-specific RFLP marker in the MC1R gene can be used to distinguish between Hanwoo meat and Holstein and Angus meats. In the RFLP genotype of MGF gene, the frequency of r/r type was 75％ in Manwoo, whereas the frequency of R/R was 80％ in Hereford breed. Holstein and Angus breeds showed 100％ for R/r type. Therefore, Hanwoo meat showed significant difference in the MGF genotype frequencies compared with those of Holstein meat and imported beef cattle breeds. However, TYRP1 gene showed the same genotype in all breeds examined. Thus, this TYRP1 gene can not be used as a molecular marker for breed identification. As a consequence, we suggest that RFLP markers of the MC1R and MGF coat color genes could be used as DNA marker for identification of Hanwoo meat from Holstein and imported meats.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.36 no.4
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• pp.519-526
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• 2016

The purpose of this study is to investigate the influences of small group learning using smart devices in science classes on students' achievement, learning motivation, attitude toward science lessons, and perception of small group learning using smart devices. Four 11th-grade classes (N=133) at a coed high school in Seoul were randomly assigned to a control group and a treatment group. The intervention of small group learning using smart devices emphasized collaborative writing on activity sheet. The students were taught about acid, base, and neutralization reaction for six class periods. After the instructions, an achievement test, the learning motivation test, the attitude toward science lessons test, and a questionnaire on the perception of small group learning using smart devices were administered. Two-way ANCOVA results revealed that there was a statistically significant interaction effect by their previous chemistry achievement in the achievement test scores. Only low-level students in small group learning using smart devices significantly improved their achievement probably by having the opportunities to get help from high-level students. The adjusted means of the treatment group were significantly higher than those of the control group in learning motivation and attitude toward science lessons. Students' perceptions of small group learning using smart devices tended to be positive. Educational implications of this study are discussed.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.96-102
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• 1999

A 40-year-old female presented with fever and cough which had lasted for 3 months. Three years previously systemic lupus erythematosus had been diagnosed, and at that time 10mg of prednisone per day was prescribed. Crackles were heard at the base of the lung and her chest roentgenogram revealed diffuse infitrates in both lower lung fields. Despite of empirical antibiotics and antituberculous medication consisting of isoniczid, rifampicin and ethambutol, the patients condition deteriorated. We performed open lung biosy and numerous nodules with necrosis as well as acid fast bacilli were observed. After biochemical tests and sequencing, the organism was identified as Mycobacterium abscessus. The patient was treated with imipenem and amikacin ; patient's condition, as indicated by both symptoms and roentogenogram, subsequently improved.

• Proceedings of the Ginseng society Conference
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• 2004.05a
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• pp.17-28
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• 2004

As Korean ginseng is hybrid, an individual variation is very severe, and it takes long times in new breeding because it is required 4 years to pick the seed. But, transformation technique makes the high-functional breeding in short time. The focus of these ginseng studies is to find and secure the useful gene. And it is urgent to accumulate the fundamental data for the molecular breeding and secure the useful genes. Therefore, transformation and soil acclimatization technique are necessary to molecular breeding in use of the introduction of functional genes. In this study, it add to secure of new regulation gene and useful gene as to accumulate the fundamental data for the place where it will contribute to raise the national competitive power. To analyze the useful genes in large scale, we constructed CDNA libraries with various tissues, species, and treated tissue. EST analysis of ginseng perform in large scale and build the EST database of ginseng. We perform the full length sequencing about the selected lots of clones that include the entire open reading frame of the amino acid residues and construct cDNA chip with the parental EST clones. Establishment of the transformation and a soil acclimatization system throuth the re-introduction of the selected ginseng gene that related with the secondary metabolism and anti-stress into the ginseng.