• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제32권3호
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• pp.300-306
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• 1993

Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki HD-1으로부터 생산된 살충성 내독소 단백질을 coding하는 CryIIA 유전자를 클로닝하고 염기서열을 조사하였다. HD-1 균주의 12개 plasmid 중 225kb plasmid를 분리하여 CryIIA 유전자를 포함하는 5kb HindIII 절편을 hybridization하여 찾아냈다. 이 절편을 plasmid pUC19에 ligation하여 E. coli에 형질 전환하였다. 이 독소 유전자를 포함하는 4kb BamHI-HindIII 절편은 vector pT7-5에 ligation하여 pSKIIA라하였다. pSKIIA는 3개의 open reading frames(orf1, orf2, orf3)로 구성되어 있으며 염기서열은 3,952base로 되어 있었다. 이러한 3개의 orf 각각의 발현 여부를 확인하기 위하여 생물검정을 하였다. 그러나 orf1 또는 orf2에 의한 형질 전환체는 독성이 없는 것으로 나타났다. orf3를 포함하는 형질 전환체는 3종의 나비목 곤충(배추점나방, 담배거세미나방, 담배나방) 및 1종의 파리목 곤충(집모기) 유충에 대하여 독성을 나타내었다.

• 대한임상독성학회지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.44-47
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• 2006

Symptoms of aspirin overdose may vary from acid-base disturbance, electrolyte abnormality, non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema, chemical hepatitis, seizure to cardiac toxicity. Cardiac adverse effects from aspirin are uncommon but there are reports of arrhythmia, cardiopulmonary arrest, and myocardial infarction. We report 2 cases of young women with aspirin overdose who exhibited ischemic changes on their ECGs a few hours after the ingestion with spontaneous recovery in a few days. First case, a 29 year old woman, presented to the emergency department 6 hours after ingesting 250 tablets of aspirin (325 mg/T). On examination, the temperature was $36.3^{\circ}C$: blood pressure, 105/72mmHg; Pulse, 111/min and respiratory rate, 24/min. Second case, a 27 year old woman, an hour after ingesting 60 tablets (325mg/T). On examination, the temperature was $36.0^{\circ}C$: blood pressure, 102/72 mmHg; pulse, 89/min and respiratory rate, 25/min. In both cases, ECG after 6 hours of ingestion had sinus tachycardia and developed T wave inversion on the anterior leads in the following ECGs. Their initial serum salicylate levels after 6 hours of ingestion were 71.2 mg/dL and 28.4 mg/dL respectively. These salicylate levels were resolving when these ECGs were observed. The ECG changes resolved in the following days and they were discharged without any further symptoms. Further studies are needed, but for the time being, when dealing with salicylate overdose, transient cardiac depression should be kept in mind to avoid adverse ischemic cardiac events.

• 대한바이러스학회지
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• 제26권1호
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• pp.9-22
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• 1996

Respiratory Syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infections in human, with infants and young children being particularly susceptible. In the temperate zones, sharp annual outbreaks of RSV occur during the colder months, in both the northern and the southern hemisphere. RSV is unusual in that it can repeatedly reinfect individuals throughout life and infect babies in the presence of maternal antibody. RSV isolates can be divided into two subgroups, A and B, on the basis of their reactions with monoclonal antibodies, and the two subgroups are also distinct at the nucleotide sequence level. The specific diagnosis of RSV infection was best made by isolation of virus in tissue culture, identification of viral antigen, or by specific serologic procedures. Recently, rapid detection of RSV and analysis of RSV strain variation became possible by development of methods of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction amplification. In this study, to determine the genetic diversity of RSV found in Korea, 173 bp and 164 bp spanning selected regions of the RSV F and SH genes were enzymatically amplified and sequenced, respectively. Eight for F gene and three for SH gene were detected in 66 nasopharyngeal swap samples tested. Two major antigenic subgroups, A and B were confirmed from Korean samples (seven for subgroup A and one for subgroup B). At the nucleotide level of the F gene region, Korean subgroup A strains showed 95-99% homologies compared to the prototype A2 strain of subgroup A and 93-100% homologies among Korean subgroup A themselves. For the SH gene region, Korean subgroup A strain showed 97.5% homology compared to the prototype A2 strain of subgroup A, and Korean subgroup B strain showed 97% homology compared to the prototype 18537 strain of subgroup B. Most of base changes were transition and occured in codon position 3, which resulted in amino acid conservation. Using the maximum parsimony method, phylogenetic analysis indicated that Korean RSV strains formed a group with other RSV strains isolated from the United States, Canada, the Great Britain and Australia.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제25권3호
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• pp.251-260
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• 1988

$10Li_2O$.$(90-x)B_2O_3$.$xSiO_2$ 기초유리에 $Al_2O_3$ 또는 $MoO_3$를 첨가한 유리를 열처리한 후 열수 또는 산처리하여 이온교환성 다공질 유리를 제조하였다. 그리고 $Al_2O_3$ 또는 $MoO_3$ 첨가가 분상과 양이온교환능(CEC)에 미치는 영향을 조사하였다. 이들 유리의 분상최적조건은 48$0^{\circ}C$, 10시간 열처리하였다. 분상은 $Al_2O_3$ 10mol%까지는 급격히 억제되고 그 이후에는 분상억제 효과가 완화되었다. 양이온교환능의 최대값은 $1OLi_2O$.$45B_2O_3$.$45SiO_2＋7.5Al_2O_3$ 조성유리를 열수처리한 다공질유리에서 약 252meq/100g을 나타냈으며 이 유리의 세공평균반경은 약 16.3A이었다. $MoO_3$ 첨가는 분상과 용출속도를 증가시켰다. $MoO_3$첨가에 의해 다공질유리의 세공반경과 세공용적이 크게 증가하는 것으로 보아 $MoO_3$는 유리의 붕산염상중의 실리카 농도를 낮추고 용출처리중 실리카를 수용성 착체로 형성시키는 효과가 있다고 생각된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.153-159
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• 2006

A 2,656 bp fragment of chicken ghrelin gene was cloned and SNPs were detected by PCR-RFLP and Allele Specific PCR (ASP) in 12 Chinese indigenous chicken breeds and a commercial chicken population. The results showed that there were 23 base variations and an amino acid change ($Gln{\rightarrow}Arg$) in cloned chicken ghrelin gene. Three SNPs were confirmed in 13 populations and associations between this gene and growth traits of Tibetan chicken (TC) and Recessive White chicken (RW) were investigated. The results of haplotype analysis revealed that 26 haplotype genotypes were composed of eight haplotypes. The results of $x^2$ tests indicated that there were significant differences between genotypes or haplotype genotype frequencies in some of the breeds or sexes at 0.05 or 0.01 levels. The results of ANOVA revealed that there were significant differences between genotypes or haplotype genotypes on some growth traits of TC and RW chicken breeds at 0.05 or 0.01 levels. Multiple comparisons showed that there were significant associations between genotype CT at site 71 and some growth traits of two chicken breeds and between genotype AG at site 1,215 and body weight at 16 wk of two chicken breeds, and there was a significant association between haplotype genotype CAA/CAG and body weight and shank girth at 16 wk of two chicken breeds.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제23권5호
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• pp.640-648
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• 2010

Insulin-responsive glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) is a member of the glucose transporter family and mainly presents in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue. To clarify the molecular structure of porcine GLUT4, RACE was used to clone its cDNA. Several cDNA clones corresponding to different regions of GLUT4 were obtained by amplifying reverse-transcriptase products of total RNA extracted from Landrace porcine skeletal muscles. Nucleotide sequence analysis of the cDNA clones revealed that porcine GLUT4 cDNA was composed of 2,491 base pairs with a coding region of 509 amino acids. The deduced amino acid sequence was over 90% identical to human, rabbit and cattle GLUT4. The tissue distribution of GLUT4 was also examined by Real-time RT-PCR. The mRNA expression abundance of GLUT4 was heart>liver, skeletal muscle and brain>lung, kidney and intestine. The developmental expression of GLUT4 and insulin receptor (IR) was also examined by Real-time RT-PCR using total RNA extracted from longissimus dorsi (LM), semimembranosus (SM), and semitendinosus (SD) muscle of Landrace at the age of 1, 7, 30, 60 and 90 d. It was shown that there was significant difference in the mRNA expression level of GLUT4 in skeletal muscles of Landrace at different ages (p<0.05). The mRNA expression level of IR also showed significant difference at different ages (p<0.05). The developmental change in the mRNA expression abundance of GLUT4 was similar to that in IR, and both showed a higher level at birth and 30 d than at other ages. However, there was no significant tissue difference in the mRNA expression of GLUT4 or IR (p>0.05). These results showed that the nucleotide sequence of the cDNA clones was highly identical with human, rabbit and cattle GLUT4 and the developmental change of GLUT4 mRNA in skeletal muscles was similar to that of IR, suggesting that porcine GLUT4 might be an insulin-responsive glucose transporter. Moreover, the tissue distribution of GLUT4 mRNA showed that GLUT4 might be an important nutritional transporter in porcine skeletal muscles.

• 한국막학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국막학회 1998년도 제6회 하계 Workshop (98 한국막학회, 국립환경연구원 국제 Workshop, 수자원 보전과 막분리 공정)
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• pp.135-153
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• 1998

Nanofiltration (NF) is a recently introduced term in membrane separation. In 1988, Eriksson was one of the first authors using the word 'nanofiltration' explicitly. Some years before, FilmTech started to use this term for their NF50 membrane which was supposed to be a very loose reverse osmosis membrane or a very tight ultrafiltration membrane. Since then, this term has been introduced to indicate a specific boundary of membrane technology in between ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis. The application fields of the NF membranes are very broad as follows: Demeneralizing water, Cleaning up contaminated groundwater, Ultrapure water production, Treatment of effleunts containing heavy metals, Offshore oil platforms, Yeast production, Pulp and paper mills, Textile production, Electroless copper plating, Cheese whey production, Cyclodextrin production, Lactose production. The earliest NF membrane was made by Cadotte et al, using piperazine and trimesoyl chloride as monomers for the formation of polyamide active layer of the composite type membrane. They coated very thin interfacially potymerized polyamide on the surface of the microporous polysulfone supports. The NF membrane exhibited low rejections for monovalent anions (chloride) and high rejections for bivalent anions (sulphate). This membrane was called NS300. Some of the earliest NF membranes, like the NF40 membrane of FilmTech, the NTR7250 of Nitto-Denko and the UTC20 and UTC60 of Toray, are formed by a comparable synthesis route as the NS300 membrane. Commercially available NF membranes nowadays are as follows: ASP35 (Advanced Membrane Technology), MPF21; MPF32 (Kiryat Weizmann), UTC20; UTC60; UTC70; UTC90 (Toray), CTA-LP; TFCS (Fluid Systems), NF45; NF70 (FilmTec), BQ01; MX07; HG01; HG19; SX01; SX10 (Osmonics), 8040-LSY-PVDI (Hydranautics), NF CA30; NF PES 10 (Hoechst), WFN0505 (Stork Friesland). The typical ones among the commercially available NF membranes are polyamide composite membrane consisting of interfacially polymerized polyamide active layer and microporous support. While showing high water fluxes and high rejections of multivalent ions and small organic molecules, these membranes have relatively low chemical stability. These membranes have low chlorine tolerance and are unstable in acid or base solution. This chemical instability is appearing to be a big obstacle for their applications. To improve the chemical stability, we have tried, in this study, to prepare chemically stable NF membranes from PVA. The ionomers and interfacially polymerized polyamide were used for the modification of'the PVA membranes. For the detail study of the active layer, homogeneous NF membranes made only from active layer materials were prepared and for the high performance, composite type NF membranes were prepared by coating the active layer materials on microporous polysulfone supports.

• 폴리머
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• 제24권1호
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• pp.97-104
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• 2000

산화처리 된 평직형태의 탄소섬유와 resole 형태의 페놀수지를 7:3 중량비로 혼합하여 성형공정에 따라 탄소섬유/페놀수지 복합재료를 제조하였으며, 이를 다시 불활성 분위기에서의 탄화(100$0^{\circ}C$) 및 $CO_2$ 분위기에서 활성화(700, 800,, 900 및 100$0^{\circ}C$)시켜 PAN계 활성탄소섬유/페놀수지 복합재료를 제조하였다. 본 연구에서는, 이렇게 제조된 복합재료에 활성화 온도가 미치는 영향을 중화 적정법에 따른 pH, 표면 산도 및 표면 염기도 등의 표면성질과 BET 방법에 따른 비표면적, 기공구조 등의 흡착특성을 측정하여 고찰하였다. 또한, ASTM에 따라 시편에 걸리는 압력 손실을 측정하였다. 결과적으로, 활성화 온도는 그 표면 성질의 변화에 영향을 주어, 90$0^{\circ}C$ 이상의 온도에서 시료의 표면은 점차 염기성이 커지는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 또한, 비표면적, 총 기공 부피 및 기공 크기 분포도 등의 발달은 활성화 온도의 증가에 따라 점차 증가함을 쉽게 확인할 수 있으며, 그 중 활성화 온도가 90$0^{\circ}C$인 경우 가장 발달한 것으로 나타났다. 마찬가지로, 활성화 온도의 증가에 따라 시편 양 단면에 걸리는 압력손실은 점차 감소하였으며, 이것은 열처리 온도에 의한 활성탄소섬유 복합재료의 질량손실에 의한 것으로 사료된다.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제37권12호
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• pp.705-711
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• 2015

습식산화법으로 합성한 Ferrate(VI)를 적용하여 2,6-Dichlorophenol의 분해 연구를 하였다. 최적의 분해 조건을 찾기 위해 영향인자로 pH(산성, 염기성, 중성), DCP의 초기 농도, ferrate 주입 농도, 수용액의 온도를 두어 실험하였다. Ferrate(VI)는 강력한 산화력과 선택성이 있으며, 무해한 최종산물인 Fe(III)을 만들어 유용한 성질을 가지고 있다. Ferrate 이온은 산성과 중성 조건에서 재빠르게 Fe(III)으로 환원한다. 본 실험 결과로 DCP의 분해율은 산성과 염기성 조건보다 중성 조건에서 좋은 것으로 나타났다. ferrate 주입 농도와 DCP의 초기 농도에 따라 영향을 강하게 받는다. ferrate의 주입 농도가 증가할수록 또한 DCP의 초기 농도가 감소할수록 DCP의 분해율이 좋게 나타났다. 수용액의 온도는 10, 25, 35, $50^{\circ}C$에서 실험을 진행하였다. 최적의 조건은 $25^{\circ}C$로 나타났으며, $25^{\circ}C$에서 $50^{\circ}C$까지의 범위에서는 증가할수록 효율이 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. DCP의 중간생성물 연구는 GC/MS를 통해 실험하였다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권8호
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• pp.1024-1033
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• 2012

Kocuria gwangalliensis로부터 카로티노이드 생합성 경로의 첫 번째 단계 기질인 geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP)를 생합성하는 GGPP synthase (CrtE)를 암호화하고 있는 crtE를 클로닝 하여 이를 KgGGPP로 명명하였다. 기존 세균에서 밝혀진 GGPP synthase의 아미노산 서열을 NCBI에서 검색하여 KgGGPP synthase의 아미노산 서열과 비교한 결과 Kocuria rhizophila와 59.6%의 상동성을 가지는 것을 확인하였다. crtE 유전자를 대장균에서 발현 시키기 위하여 pCcrtE 재조합 DNA를 구축하였고, 이를 대장균에서 발현시킨 결과 약 41 kDa의 재조합 단백질이 과발현 됨을 확인 할 수 있었으며, 이 단백질은 기존 세균에서 밝혀진 GGPP synthase와 유사한 분자량을 가지고 있다는 것을 알 수 있었다. CrtE 재조합 단백질의 활성을 분석하기 위하여 대장균 내에서 라이코펜의 생합성을 유도 하였다. 대장균의 경우 메발론산 경로를 통하여 FPP와 IPP를 생합성 하지만 crtE, crtB, crtI 유전자가 없기 때문에 라이코펜을 생합성 하지는 못한다. 대장균 내에서 라이코펜의 생합성을 위해서는 crtE, crtB, crtI 유전자의 발현이 필수적으로 요구되기 때문에 crtB, crtI 유전자의 경우는 P. haeundaensis에서 유래한 유전자를 이용하여 pRScrtBI 재조합 DNA를 구축하여 그 발현을 유도하였다. 상기 두 재조합 DNA를 대장균에서 공발현 시켰으며, HPLC 분석법을 이용하여 대장균 내에서 라이코펜의 생산 유무에 따른 KgGGPP synthase의 활성을 분석하였다.