• Title/Summary/Keyword: Acid deposition

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A Simulation Model for the protein Deposition of Pigs According to Amino Acid Composition of Feed Proteins (사료의 아미노산 조성에 따른 돼지의 단백질 축적을 나타내는 수치모델)

  • 이옥희;김강성
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.28 no.1
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    • pp.178-190
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    • 1999
  • This study was conducted to develop a simulation model for the growth dynamics of pigs and to describe quantitatively protein deposition depending on the amino acid composition of feed protein. In the model it is assumed that the essential processes that determine the utilization of feed protein in the whole body are protein synthesis, breakdown of protein, and oxidation of amino acid. Besides, it is also assumed that occurrence of protein deposition depends on genetic potential and amino acid composition of feed protein. The genetic potential for the protein deposition is the maximum capacity of protein synthesis, being dependent on the protein mass of the whole body. To describe the effect of amino acid composition of feed on the protein deposition, a factor, which consist of ten amino acid functions and lie between 0 and 1, is introduced. Accordingly a model was developed, which is described with 15 flux equations and 11 differential equations and is composed of two compartments. The model describes non linear structure of the protein utilization system of an organism, which is in non steady state. The objective function for the simulation was protein deposition(g/day) cal culated according to the empirical model, PAF(product of amino acid functions) of Menke. The mean of relative difference between the simulated protein deposition and PAF calculated values, lied in a range of 11.8%. The simulated protein synthesis and breakdown rates(g/day) in the whole body showed a parallel behavior in the course of growth.

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A Modeling Study on the Transport of Acid Pollutant by Regional Acid Deposition Model -Spacial Pattern and Variation of Air Pollutants on Eastern Asia and Central Part of Korea- (산성우모델에 의한 산성강하물의 수송에 관한 연구 - 동아시아 및 우리나라 중부지방의 대기오염물질 시공간분포 -)

  • Lee, Chong Bum;Cho, Chang Rae;Byun, Dae Won
    • Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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    • v.8 no.1
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    • pp.1-16
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    • 1999
  • The acid deposition and photochemical modeling study was performed on the Eastern Asia using Regional Acid Deposition Model(RADM). The results of this study show that horizontal distribution of $SO_2$, concentration and dry deposition flux was higher in Beking, Shanghai and central part of Korea. However distribution pattern of sulfate and $O_3$ concentration calculated by RADM were not similar to emission pattern. In daytime, $SO_2$, sulfate and $O_3$ were mixed to whole PBL but in nighttime because of inversion layer these pollutants were suppressed to lower level.

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The Effect of Additives on the Deposition Rate and the Surface Morphology of Trivalent Chromium Electrodeposits (3가 크롬도금의 전착속도 및 표면형상에 미치는 첨가제의 영향)

  • 예길촌;서경훈
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.37 no.1
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    • pp.13-21
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    • 2004
  • The deposition rate, the current efficiency and surface morphology of trivalent Cr deposits were investigated according to additives in sulfate bath and current density. The deposition rate of the Cr deposits plated from the formic acid complexed bath was noticeably higher than that of the glycine complexed bath. The current efficiency of the deposition from formic acid bath was higher than that of the glycine bath and increased with current density in the range of 20-50 A/d$\m^2$. The current efficiency of the deposition from the formic acid bath with boric acid buffer was higher than that of the bath with aluminum sulfate or boric acid-aluminum sulfate buffers. The nodular crystallite size of the Cr deposits increased with current density and the uniform and crack-free growth of the deposits for the aluminum sulfate was observed compared to the other buffers.

Effect of Additives on Deposition Rate and Stability of Electroless Black Ni-Zn-P Plating (무전해 Ni-Zn-P 도금의 속도 및 안정성에 미치는 첨가제의 영향)

  • 오영주;황경진;정원용;이만승
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.36 no.4
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    • pp.317-323
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    • 2003
  • The effect of additives such as complexing agents, stabilzers and boric acid on the bath stability and the deposition rate of electroless black Ni-Zn plating has been examined. The deposits obtained became black and showed an amorphous structure. The significant increasing in the deposition rate was not found when only glycine and citric acid were used as complexing agents. The deposition rate increased up to 3 and 4 times by adding malic acid and glycolic acid as an additional complexing agent, respectively. The stabilizers and the boric acid, however, had little influence on the deposition rate.

The Effects of Varying Sampling Flow Rates on the Measurements of Total Nitrate and Sulfate in Dry Acid Deposition

  • Park, Jong-Kil;Kim, Jo-Chun
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • v.18 no.E1
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    • pp.1-12
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    • 2002
  • One technique for determining dry acid deposition fluxes involves measurement of time - averaged ambient concentrations of dry acid deposition species using filter packs (FP) coupled with estimates of mean deposition velocities for the exposure period. A critical problem associated with filter pack data comparisons between various field sampling networks is the use of diverse sampling flow rates and duration protocols. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of varying sampling flow rates, from 1.5 to 10 standard liters per minute, on total nitrate and sulfate measurements of specific dry acid deposition species . Collocated FP samplers were used to determine sampling and analysis data reproducibility and representativeness . Ambient air samples were simultaneously collected using groups of filter packs operated at various flow rates over identical 7 day periods. The species measured were sulfur dioxide, particulate sulfate , nitric acid and particulate nitrate. Statistical results (ANOVA; alpha level 5%) showed that neither the low nor high sampling flow rates caused a significant difference in the measurements of total sulfate and adjusted total nitrate (ATN) . However, it was concluded that for high flow rate sampling measurements, total nitrate (TN) could be affected during extended sampling durations because of potential nitric acid overloading and breakthrough. Although the previous workers (Costello, 1990; Quillian, 1990) used much higher sampling flow rates (~ 17 sLpm) than employed here, it was assumed that for a high loading (> 50$\mu\textrm{g}$ HNO$_3$) of nitric acid on the Nylon filters, a significant fraction (~10%) of nitric acid could pass through the Nylon filters and be collected on the carbonate impregnated filters. It was concluded that even at the highest sampling flow rate employed (10 sLpm) at the Cary Forest site, nitric acid breakthrough was less than 10% of the total HNO$_3$ collected. However, for a heavily polluted urban airshed or with longer sampling times , higher filter loadings could result in substantial nitric acid breakthrough and HNO$_3$concentrations would be underestimated.

Deposition Ratio of Stearic Acid Lagmuir-Blodgett (LB) Films (Stearic Acid Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) 막의 누적비)

  • Choi, Yong-Sung;Lee, Dae-Il;Kwon, Young-Soo;Hong, Eon-Sik;Kang, Dou-Yol
    • Proceedings of the KIEE Conference
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    • 1991.07a
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    • pp.244-246
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    • 1991
  • Recently, a study on LB ultra thin film of molecular size is widely performed. To make use of LB ultra thin film in engineering applications, it is important to investigate how uniformly Langmuir film is deposited on a substrate. In this paper, to confirm the uniformity of film deposition, the relation between the monolayer numbers deposited and its ratio is investigated by deposition of the Y type and Hetero type LB film. If films are deposited ideally, the deposition ratio will become 1.0. From the experimental results, it can be suggested that the deposition of LB film is done well, as we obtained an approximate value 1.0 by the calculation of deposition ratio of L film area and LB film deposition area.

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Low Molecular Weight Organic Acids in Brassica pekinensis Rupr. and Growing soil Influenced by Simulated Nitrate Deposition

  • Xie, Wen-Ming;Liu, Xing-Quan;Ko, Kwang-Yong;Lee, Kyu-Seung
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.279-284
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    • 2008
  • We investigated whether carboxylate exudation of Brassica pekinensis Rupr. was affected by nitrate deposition from simulated acid rain. A gas chromatographic (GC) analysis was employed for the determination of low molecular weight organic acids (LOA) in rhizosphere soils, bulk soil, roots and leaves of Brassica pekinensis Rupr.. Rhizosphere soils were collected after 8 weeks of plant growth by first removing the bulk soil from the root system and then by mechanical move off the rhizosphere soil that adhered to the root surface with soft brush. Soil and plant materials were simultaneously extracted with the mixture of methanol and sulfuric acid (100:7, v/v). Seven organic acids, oxalic, malonic, fumaric, succinic, maleic, L-malic and citric acid were identified and quantified by GC equipped with FID. Oxalic, L-malic, and citric acids were found in both the bulk and rhizosphere soils, while most LOAs were not detected in the control treatment. On the contrary, except maleic acid, all other organic acids were detected in the leaves and roots of cabbages treated with nitrate deposition.

Effects of Multi-Complex Agent Addition on Characteristics of Electroless Ni-P Solution (복합 착화제 첨가가 무전해 Ni-P 도금액의 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Hong-Kee;Lee, Ho-Nyun;Jeon, Jun-Mi;Hur, Jin-Young
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.43 no.2
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    • pp.111-120
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    • 2010
  • In this study, the effects of multi-complex agents addition on characteristics of electroless Ni plating solution are investigated. The species and the concentration of complexing agents are major factors to control the deposition rate, P concentration, and surface morphology of plating films. Adipic acid increases the deposition rate in regardless of single- or mutli-complex agent addition. However, lactic acid effectively increases the deposition rate in case of multi-addition as the complex agents with adipic or sodium succinate acid. In addition, sodium citric acid and malic acid show good stabilizing effects of plating solution and lowering the deposition rate, because they have high complexibility. Therefore, it is suggested that the development of Ni-P plating solution suitable for diverse usages can be carried out systematically using the database from this study.

Studies on Electroless Nickel Plating on Alumina Ceramics(I) on Empirical Deposition Rate in Electroless Nickel Plating (알루미나 세라믹스 표면에 무전해 환원 니켈막의 형성에 관한 연구(I) 무전해 니켈도금의 실험적 석출속도에 관한 연구)

  • Kim, Yong-Dai;Lee, Joon
    • Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
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    • v.19 no.3
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    • pp.109-120
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    • 1986
  • The electroless nickel plating on high alumina ceramics was performed in the bath containing nickel chloride, sodium hypophosphite and mono- or bi-carboxylic acid as a complexing agent in order to examine the empirical rate law as well as the effects of the complexing agent, plating temperature and pH on the rate of deposition. Adding the carboxylic acid to the plating bath, the rate of deposition was increased considerably, and each of the complexing agents showed a maximum deposition rate plateau around a particular concentration of the complexing agent. The rate of deposition was increased with increasing either temperature or pH, but microstructure of the surface became more rough. Furthermore, empirical rate law of the elecltroless nickel deposition on high alumina ceramics was discussed with the activation energy and other rate parameters calculated.

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Effect of Enhancers on in vitro and in vivo Skin Permeation and Deposition of S-Methyl-ʟ-Methionine

  • Kim, Ki Taek;Kim, Ji Su;Kim, Min-Hwan;Park, Ju-Hwan;Lee, Jae-Young;Lee, WooIn;Min, Kyung Kuk;Song, Min Gyu;Choi, Choon-Young;Kim, Won-Serk;Oh, Hee Kyung;Kim, Dae-Duk
    • Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.434-440
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    • 2017
  • S-methyl-$\small{L}$-methionine (SMM), also known as vitamin U, is commercially available as skin care cosmetic products for its wound healing and photoprotective effects. However, the low skin permeation expected of SMM due to its hydrophilic nature with a log P value of -3.3, has not been thoroughly addressed. The purpose of this study thus was to evaluate the effect of skin permeation enhancers on the skin permeation/deposition of SMM. Among the enhancers tested for the in vitro skin permeation and deposition of SMM, oleic acid showed the most significant enhancing effect. Moreover, the combination of oleic acid and ethanol further enhanced in vitro permeation and deposition of SMM through hairless mouse skin. Furthermore, the combination of oleic acid and ethanol significantly increased the in vivo deposition of SMM in the epidermis/dermis for 12 hr, which was high enough to exert a therapeutic effect. Therefore, based on the in vitro and in vivo studies, the combination of oleic acid and ethanol was shown to be effective in improving the topical skin delivery of SMM, which may be applied in the cosmetic production process for SMM.