• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.30 no.4 s.48
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• pp.509-514
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• 2004

The fruit or root of Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica and its extract has traditionally been used as anti inflammatation medicines as well as a remedy of the digestive ulcer for a long time. Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica has also been used to cure palliative and diuresis, because it contains lot of mucus and tannin. In this study, we examined the moisturizing effect and anti-inflammation effect of polysaccharides extracted from Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica to investigated whether it can be used as a cosmetic ingredient or not. The polysaccharides were extracted from Ulmus davidiana var. Japonica. Then the hydrolyzed was obtained through the hydrolysis. It has been ascertained that the polysaccharides we mainly composed of rhamnose, galactose, and glucose through HPLC experiments, and it has 20,000 of the molecular weight and 89.3 dL/g of intrinsic viscosity In a moisturizing test of measuring water loss in a desiccator and moisture content by Comeometer CM820, Ulmus davidiana root extract showed a similar moisturizing effect as hyaluronic acid. And its anti-inflammation effect on carrageenin-induced edema evaluated by measuring the thickness of swelling over paw induced by carrageenin (25 uL of $2\%$ carrageenin saline injection), the $\%$ swelling over paw treated with Ulmus davidiana root extract was much less than that of paw treated with carrageenin only. The anti-inflammatory effect of Ulmus davidiana root extract was almost similar to that of ketoprofen. These results can say that Ulmus davidiana root extract can be effectively used as a cosmetic ingredient.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.121-131
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• 2014

Due to the high UV light scattering effect of Zinc oxide (ZnO), it is frequently used in sunscreen skincare products. Recently ZnO coated with silica has been used in cosmetics to improve UV protection, texture, decreased photocatalytic activity, dispersibility and stability of the skin care product. In this study, we developed a ZnO composite powder coated with silica for the future application to skincare products to block UV rays that could cause photoaging. To improve consumer's satisfaction rating, we used ZnO microparticles which are widely used in the cosmetics industry. The silica was coated using hydrothermal method with sodium silicate and acid hydrolysis. UV protection of the composite powder was analyzed by UV-Vis and in-vitro test and the advantages for practical use of this powder as a skincare product were determined.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-67
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• 2009

Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the applicability of poly-L-guluronic alginate (PGA) gel in vascular embolization with angiography simulation. Materials and Methods : To prepare a gel-forming PGA from no guluronate-rich Laminaria japonica, a new acid hydrolysis method was employed with a lower HCL concentration (0.03 M) and a shorter treatment time (5 min). The obtained PGAs were selected based on gel stability and viscosity. Glass aneurysm model was used to simulate gel embolization in vitro. Then, finally, the PGA was used to embolize the renal vascular system by using a rabbit model and angiography. Results : Glass aneurysm model was made to simulate gel embolization procedure. PGA solution was injected from pump through 2-way catheter. Subsequent injection of $CaCl_2$ successfully formed gels inside aneurysm model that conforming to its inner contour. In rabbit model, first, renal artery and aorta leading to the right kidney were ligated to block blood flow, then conventional contrast agent was injected through aorta to check the arterial patency to the left kidney. In sequential artery injection method, PGA and $CaCl_2$ were injected through renal artery sequentially via a single catheter. Re-injection of contrast agent after removing ligated aorta showed blood flow to the right kidney but no flow in the left kidney. This result demonstrated a complete blocking of blood flow due to gel formation in vascular bed of the left kidney. Conclusion : Instillation of calcium alginate into aneurysm model and arterial system in vivo produced an embolization that better fills and conforms to the contour of aneurysms or blocking vascular bed completely. Therefore, PGA was effective endovascular occlusion materials and provide an efficiency of vascular angiography.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 1998

Ths studies was carried out to investigate the processing possibility of pheasant meat extracts treated with proteases. The crude protein, aminonitrogen, degree of hydrolysis, yield and amino acid composition of pheasant meat extracts when it was treated with proteases at various temperature and reaction time were analyzed. The crude protein contents of pheasant meat extracts processed in $130^{\circ}C$ were more than when it was done in $100^{\circ}C$, but the contents of aminonitrogen were not quite different between two processing temperature. The content of crude protein and aminonitrogen when pheasant meat was hydrolyzed with protease NP and prozyme A. The yields of pheasant meat extracts, when pheasant meat were treated at $100^{\circ}C$ and $130^{\circ}C$, were from 2.24 to 7.10% and from 5.51 to 10.45%, respectively. And the yield of extraction depended on extraction temperature, kinds of enzyme, amount of enzyme, extraction time. The content of aminonitrogen in pheasant meat extracts treated with enzyme was much higher than any other treatments. And it depended on amount of enzyme, extraction time and temperature. The amount of the amino acids in pheasant meat extracts treated by protease NP were eminently higher than by heat at $100^{\circ}C$ or $130^{\circ}C$.

• Korean Journal of Microbiology
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• v.53 no.3
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• pp.208-215
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• 2017

A cyclomaltodextrinase (SPCD) gene was cloned from Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 700294. Its open reading frame consists of 567 amino acids (66.8 kDa), which shows less than 37% of amino acid sequence identity with the other CDase-family enzymes. The homo-dimeric SPCD with C-terminal six-histidines was expressed and purified from Escherichia coli. It showed the highest activity at pH 7.5 and $45^{\circ}C$, respectively. SPCD has the broad substrate specificities against ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin, starch, and maltotriose to produce mainly maltose, whereas it hydrolyzes pullulan to panose. It can also catalyze the hydrolysis of acarbose to glucose and acarviosine-glucose. Interestingly, it showed much higher activity on ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin and acarbose than that on starch, pullulan, or maltotriose, which makes SPCD distinguished from common CDase-family enzymes. Although SPCD has significantly high acarbose-hydrolyzing activity, it showed negligible transglycosylation activity.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.21 no.6 s.101
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• pp.451-455
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• 2006

An efficient pilot scale (10 ton) three-stage methane fermentation system to digest food waste has been developed in this laboratory. This system consisted of three stages: semianaerobic hydrolysis, anaerobic acidogenesis and strictly anaerobic methanogenesis. From the secondary acidogenesis reactor, a novel strain KA4 responsible for alcohol fermentation was isolated and characterized. The cell was oval and its dimension was $5.5-6.5{\times}3.5-4.5\;{\mu}m$. This strain was identified as Saccharomyces cerevisiae KA4 by 26S rDNA D1/D2 rDNA sequence. Optimal culture temperature was $30-35^{\circ}C$. Cells were tolerant to 5% (v/v) ethanol concentration, however, were inhibited significantly by higher ethanol concentration up to 7%. The strain could grow well up to 50% (w/v) initial glucose concentration in the YM liquid medium, however, optimal concentration for ethanol fermentation was 10%. It could produce ethanol in a broad initial pH range from 4 to 10, and optimal pH was 6. In this condition, the strain converted 10% glucose to 7.4% ethanol during 24 hr, and ethanol yield was estimated to be 2.87 moi EtOH/mol glucose.

• Journal of Technologic Dentistry
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.121-131
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• 2007

A preparation process's conditions of aqueous sol which contains anatase-type nano titania particles with photocatalyic properties was established by using Yoldas process, so called, DCS(Destabilization of Colloidal Solution) process in this study. And crystal size change and phase transformation of titania particles in aqueous titania sol depending on reaction conditions was investigated by a light scattering method and XRD analysis of frozen dried powders, respectively. This sol with photo catalytic nano titania particles was used to the following hydrophilic hybrid coating film's fabrication and its properties was evaluated. Subsequently, for coating film using the above mentioned aqueous titania sol, non-aqueous titania sol was prepared without any chemical additives and its time stability according to aging time was investigate. By using the above mentioned aqueous titania sol and non-aqueous sol, a complex oxide coating sol for metal and ceramic substrate and a organic-inorganic hybrid coating sol for polymer substrate was prepared and it's hydrophilicity depending on UV irradiation conditions was evaluated. As a conclusions, the following results were obtained. (1)Aqueous titania sol The average particle size of titania in formed aqueous titania sol was distributed between 20$\sim$90nm range depending on reaction conditions. And the crystal phase of titania powders obtained by frozen drying method was changed from amorphous state to anatase and subsequently transformed to rutile crystal phase and it is attributed to concentration gradient in aqueous sol. (2)Non-aqueous titania sol Non-aqueous titania sol was prepared using methanol as a solvent and a little distilled water for hydrolysis and nitric acid as a catalyst were used. The obtained non-aqueous titania sol was stable at room temperature for 20 days. Additionally, non-aqueous titania sol with addition of chealating reagent such as acethylaceton and ethylene glycol prolonged the stability of sol by six months. (3)Complex sol and hybrid sol with super hydrophilicity The above mentioned aqueous titania sol as a main photocataylic component and non-aqueous titania sol as a binder for coating process was used to prepare a complex sol used for metal, ceramic and wood material substrate and also to prepare the organic-inorganic hybrid sol for polymer substrate such as polycarbonate and polyethylene, in which process APMS(3-Aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), GPTS(3-Glycidoxypropyl-trimethoxysilane) as a hydrophilic silane compound and HEMA(2-Hydroxyethyl methacrylate) as a forming network in hybrid coating film were used. The hybrid coating film such as prepared through this process showed a superhydrophilicity below 1$10^{\circ}$ depending on processing conditions and a pencil's hardness over 6 H.

• Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.511-516
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• 2002

Hexagonal $YMnO_3$ thin films were prepared from $Y(NO_3)_3{\cdot}5H_2O$ and $Mn(CH_3CO_2)_2{\cdot}4H_2O$ as starting materials on the Si(100) substrates by the sol-gel method. The crystal structure and the electrical properties of the $YMnO_3$ thin films were investigated as a function of heat treatment temperature, the amount of water(Rw) of hydrolysis and the addition of catalysis. The crystallization of the $YMnO_3$ thin film began at 700${\circ}C$ and completed at 800${\circ}C$ for 1 h. The c-axis (0001) preferred orientation of hexagonal $YMnO_3$ was detected for the $YMnO_3$ thin films with Rw=6 and that was decreased for the $YMnO_3$ thin films with Rw=1 and Rw=12. The crystallinity and preferred orientation of the $YMnO_3$ thin films were depended on the addition of acid and/or alkali catalysis, which, in turn, the preferred orientation of c-axis was decreased and the orthorhombic phase of $YMnO_3$ was detected to the specimens with the addition of catalysis. The $YMnO_3$ thin film with Rw=6 showed good leakage current density of $1.2{\times}10-8 A/cm^2$ at the applied voltage of 0.2V and the leakage current density was not changed drastically with applied voltage.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.262-268
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• 2007

This study was conducted to investigate various physiochemical activities of carrageenan hydrolysates obtained with organic acid treatments. The hydrolysates treated with citrate and malate at $100^{\circ}C,\;110^{\circ}C\;and\;120^{\circ}C$ had antimicrobial activities against Bacillus cereus and Bacillus subtilis. Especially, the hydrolysates with malate at $120^{\circ}C$ for 180 min treatment had the strongest antimicrobial activity to Bacillus subtilis. Regardless of the hydrolysis conditions, inhibition ratios of tyrosinase activity by citrate and malate under $100{\sim}120^{\circ}C$ were over 97%. Especially, the inhibition ratios for tyrosinase activity of the hydrolysates obtained with citrate at $100^{\circ}C$ for 180 min and at $120^{\circ}C$ for 90 min were 99.4% and 98.2%, respectively. Also, the inhibition ratios for tyrosinase activity of the hydrolysates obtained with malate under the same conditions were about 99.5% and 99.3%, respectively. The APTT as anticoagulant activity of carrageenan hydrolysates with 0.3% malate and citrate at $80^{\circ}C$ for 180 min were $2,451{\pm}18(sec)\;and\;1,617{\pm}15(sec)$, respectively.

• Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.436-442
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• 1988

The $^1H-nmr$ lineshapes of $H_2O$ in the solution containing $Al^{3+}$ ion have been measured as a function of temperature and $H^+$-ion concentration. Above [$H^+$] = 0.06, the lineshape were analyzed by the uncoupled two-site exchange model. From the proton exchange rate between hexaaquaaluminium ion and bulk water as a function of H-ion concentration. These kinetic data could be fitted to a following linear rate law; that is; 1/${\tau}$ = k$_1$/12 + $k_2$[$H^+$]/6. The following proton exchange parameters were obtained; $k_1^{298}$ = 38.5s$^{-1}$ ${\{Delta}H_1^{\neq}$ = $42.9kJ mole^{-1}$ ${\{Delta}S_1^{\neq}$ = -48.6J $mole^{-1}K^{-1}$ $k_2^{298}$ = $172s^{-1}mole^{-1}$ ${\{Delta}H_2^{\neq}$ = 27.8kJ $mole^{-1}$ ${\{Delta}S_2^{\neq}$ = -90.3J $mole^{-1}K^{-1}$ These activation parameters are indicating an associative interchange, Ia, mechanism for the acid-hydrolysis of hexaaquaaluminium ion and the proton exchange between the hydration spheres of $Al^{3+}$ and $H^+$.