• 가정과삶의질연구
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.163-171
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to examine the attitudes and the perceptions toward a single life and life satisfaction among male and female singles. In this study, a total of 160 singles aged 30 to 39 were interviewed using a questionnaire on socio-economic status, the attitudes and perceptions toward a single life, and life satisfaction. The data were analyzed using frequencies, percentages and chi-square. The major findings of this study are as follows; 1) the socio-economic status of singles are higher than that of the married ones, showing a high level of income, education, and jobs. The 54.4% of the respondents showed that they remained as singles, because they have not met desirable partners yet, and the 20.9% answer that the main reasons for being a single are working and studying. The attitudes and the perceptions toward a single life were measured in six areas; freedom, self-achievement, self-development, institutional pressure. anxiety of support systems, and sex discrimination toward singles. The freedom of a single life was shown to have significant relationships with education and income. The self-achievement, self-development, and the level of anxiety about support systems were shown to be related to the sex of singles, indicating that single women got more benefits than single men. Single men experienced more institutional pressures such as marriage pressures and filial piety than single women. There was no difference in the level of acceptance to live as a single in terms of sex. Finally, life satisfaction with a single life turned to have significant relationships with sex, age, education, and income.

• 한국영재학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국영재학회 1994년도 The 3rd Asia-Pacific Conference on GIFTEDNESS Program 제3차 아시아-태평양 영재학술대회
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• pp.1.2-37
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• 1994

현재 우리나라에서는 국제 올림피아드 대회와 같은 국제 학력경시대회에 대표 학생들을 선발하여 선수로 참가시키고 있다. 대표선수들을 선발하기 전단계로서 한국 올림피아드 학교가 있으며, 국제대회에 나가기 1년전 여름방학을 이용하여 개최되고 있다. 한국 올림피아드 학교에서는 전국에서 경쟁을 뚫고 선발된 중, 고등학교 학생들이 각 과목에서 40여명씩 모여 학습 훈련을 받으며, 그중 소수가 경쟁을 통해 다시 선발되어 국제대회에 한국 대표선수로 참가한다. 본 연구에서는 한국 올림피아드 여름학교에 참가한 학생들의 학습 동기를 증진시킬 심리교육 프로그램을 개발하였으며, 이“상황대처훈련 프로그램”이 실제로 프로그램 참가학생들의 학업성취도와의 관계를 알아보았다. 연구대상은 국제 수학올림피아드 참가 후보학생들이며, 한국 수학올림피아드 여름학교가 진행중인 기간을 이용하여 5회에 걸쳐 훈련프로그램을 실시하였다. 프로그램 사전 사후의 효과를 통계분석한 결과, 프로그램 참가자의 자기효능감, 내적 통제감, 그리고 불안극복감이 비참가자들에 비해 유의미한 차이를 나타냈다. 이와같은 인지적, 정서적 동기요인들은 학업성취도와 관련되어 있으며, 특히 자기효능감과 적극적 귀인 스타일은 학업성취의 예언변인으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 개발한“상황대처훈련 프로그램”은 프로그램 참가자학생들에 의해 매우 필요한 프로그램으로 지각되었고, 자신감과 통제력을 회복하고 압박감을 극복하는 데에 도움이 되었던 것으로 분석결과 나타났다. 본 연구결과의 제언으로, 이러한 훈련프로그램이 학업성취와 관련된 인지적, 정서적 학습동기를 증가시킨다는 점에서, 국제 경쟁을 위한 학습프로그램에 정규프로그램으로 포함되어야 할 것이며, 더 나아가 한국영재 교육 제반 프로그램에 필수적으로 포함되어 활성화하여야 할 것이다.착즙액 10% 첨가구에서 배양 15시간에 각각 1.33${\times}$$10^{5}$ CFU/mL, 1.13${\times}$$10^{5}$ CFU/mL이 증가하면서 최대 균수를 나타내었으며, pH 저하와 적정산도 상승이 뚜렷하였다. 따라서 비파 착즙액 첨가 기능성 yoghurt 제조시 비파 착즙액을 10% 첨가하여 혼합 starter로 Str. thermophilus와 Lac. acidophilus 혼합균주를 사용하는 것이 이들 유산균의 증식에 가장 적합한 것으로 나타났다.타났다..297, 0.293, 0.205에서 50일 경과 후 0.612, 0.472, 0.898로 비살균에서 높은 값을 보였다. 따라서 비살균의 경우 저장말기에 TBA값이 높아지는 경향을 보였다. 5. L값은 살균처리의 경우 저장 30일 이후 약간 어두워지는 경향을 보였고, 121$^{\circ}C$ 살균처리에서 높은 값을 보였다. 대체로 저장온도가 높고 저장기간이 길어질수록 약간 밝아지는 경향을 보였다. 적색도는 인삼 첨가구의 경우 상온 및 냉장저장에서 10$0^{\circ}C$ 살균이 121$^{\circ}C$ 처리구 보다 약간 높은 값을 보였다. 저장기간에 따른 적색도의 변화는 인삼과 송이 첨가구에서 비교적 안정적이었다. 황색도는 상온 및 냉장저장에서 저장기간에 따라 약간 감소하는 경향을 보인 후 상온저장 50일 째, 냉장 60일 째 가장 높게 나타났다. 121$^{\circ}C$ 살균처리구가 10$0^{\circ}C$ 처리구보다 약간 높은 경향을 보였다.^{\circ}C$$,에서는

• Neonatal Medicine
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• 제25권1호
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• pp.7-15
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• 2018

We need to understand the outcomes into adulthood for survivors born either extremely low birthweight (ELBW; <1,000 g) or extremely preterm (EP; <28 weeks' gestational age), particularly their blood pressure and cardiovascular metabolic status,respiratory function, growth, psychological and mental health performance, and functional outcomes. Blood pressure is higher in late adolescence and early adulthood in ELBW/EP survivors compared with controls. In some studies, expreterm survivors have higher insulin and blood lipid concentrations than controls, which may also increase their risk for later cardiovascular disease. ELBW/EP survivors have more expiratory airflow obstruction than do controls. Those who had bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in the newborn period have even worse lung function than those who did not have BPD. As a group, they are unlikely to achieve their full lung growth potential, which means that more of them are likely to develop chronic obstructive airway disease in later life. Although they are smaller than term born controls, their weight gradually rises and ultimately reaches a mean z-score close to zero in late adolescence, and they ultimately attain a height z-score close to their mid-parental height z-score. On average, ex-preterm survivors have intelligence quotient (IQ) scores and performance on tests of academic achievement approximately 2/3 SD lower than do controls, and they also perform less well on tests of attention and executive function. They have similar high rates of anxiety and depression symptoms in late adolescence as do controls. They are, however, over-represented in population registries for rarer disorders such as schizophrenia and Autism Spectrum Disorder. In cohort studies, ex-preterm survivors mostly report good quality of life and participation in daily activities, and they report good levels of self-esteem. In population studies, they require higher levels of economic assistance, such as disability pensions, they do not achieve education levels as high as controls, fewer are married, and their rates of reproduction are lower, at least in early adulthood. Survivors born ELBW/EP will present more and more to health carers in adulthood, as they survive in larger numbers.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.29-36
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• 2005

Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of one or more sutures of either cranial vault or base. Fused sutures may impede normal growth of the calvaria, leading to characteristic skull deformities; Morphological craniosynostosis is classified descriptively. Being craniosynostosis uncorrected the deformity progresses continuously and causes an increase of intracranial pressure. The surgical involvement aims at the expansion of intracranial space as well as satisfactory achievement of craniofacial shape. Early surgical correction in infancy prevents the deformity from the further progression and possible associated complication of high intracranial pressure. A long period of follow-up is essential to asses the outcome of an effectiveness of the surgery. measurement of intracranial volume has been concerned in medical personnel and anthropologists for many years. A reliable and accurate measurements of the intracranial volume facilitates to make a diagnosis and treatment of craniosynostosis. Pre-and postoperative change of intracranial volume was evaluated with 3D CT scanning in 12 cases of craniosynostosis who underwent frontal advancement and total cranial vault remodeling. Increased intracranial volume is attributed to surgical release of craniosynostosis and natural growth. We conceive that the intracranial volume is significantly increased after surgical correction of fused cranial sutures and along with natural growing. A procedure of frontal advancement and total cranial vault remodeling is very useful to correct such a deformity as craniosynostosis. And also 2 cases out of five mentally retarded patients improved remarkably and Forehead retrusion or temporal depression followed in another two cases.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제53권6호
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• pp.604-609
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• 2016

This study reports on wet-foam stability with respect to porous ceramics from a particle-stabilized colloidal suspension that is achieved through the addition of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) using a wet process. To stabilize the wet foam, an initial colloidal suspension of $Al_2O_3$ was partially hydrophobized by the surfactant propyl gallate (2 wt.%) and $SiO_2$ was added as a stabilizer. The influence of the PMMA content on the bubble size, pore size, and pore distribution in terms of the contact angle, surface tension, adsorption free energy, and Laplace pressure are described in this paper. The results show a wet-foam stability of more than 83%, which corresponds to a particle free energy of $2.7{\times}10^{-12}J$ and a pressure difference of 61.1 mPa for colloidal particles with 20 wt.% of PMMA beads. It was possible to control the uniform distribution of the open/closed pores by increasing the PMMA content and by adding thick struts, leading to the achievement of a higher-stability wet foam for use in porous ceramics.

• 한국재료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국재료학회 2009년도 춘계학술발표대회
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• pp.28.1-28.1
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• 2009

The superior properties of ZnO such as high exciton binding energy, high thermal and chemical stability, low growth temperature and possibility of wet etching process in ZnO have great interest for applications ranging from optoelectronics to chemical sensor. Particularly, vertically well-aligned ZnO nanorods on large areas with good optical and structural properties are of special interest for the fabrication of electronic and optical nanodevices. Currently, low-dimensional ZnO is synthesized by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD), molecular beam epitaxy (MBE), thermal evaporation, and sol.gel growth. Recently, our group has been reported about achievement the growth of Ga-doped ZnO nanorods using ZnO seed layer on p-type Si substrate by RF magnetron sputtering system at high rf power and high growth temperature. However, the crystallinity of nanorods deteriorates due to lattice mismatch between nanorods and Si substrate. Also, in the growth of oxide using sputtering, the oxygen flow ratio relative to argon gas flow is an important growth parameter and significantly affects the structural properties. In this study, Phosphorus (P) doped ZnO nanorods were grown on c-sapphire substrates without seed layer by radio frequency magnetron sputtering with various argon/oxygen gas ratios. The layer change films into nanorods with decreasing oxygen partial pressure. The diameter and length of vertically well-aligned on the c-sapphire substrate are in the range of 51-103 nm and about 725 nm, respectively. The photoluminescence spectra of the nanorods are dominated by intense near band-edge emission with weak deep-level emission.

• Advances in aircraft and spacecraft science
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.145-167
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• 2017

The presented paper gives an overview of several projects addressing the experimental characterization and control of the buffet phenomenon on 3D turbulent wings in transonic flow conditions. This aerodynamic instability induces strong wall pressure fluctuations and therefore limits flight domain. Consequently, to enlarge the latter but also to provide more flexibility during the design phase, it is interesting to try to delay the buffet onset. This paper summarizes the main investigations leading to the achievement of open and closed-loop buffet control and its experimental demonstration. Several wind tunnel tests campaigns, performed on a 3D half wing/fuselage body, enabled to characterize the buffet aerodynamic instability and to study the efficiency of innovative fluidic control devices designed and manufactured by ONERA. The analysis of the open-loop databases demonstrated the effects on the usual buffet characteristics, especially on the shock location and the separation areas on the wing suction side. Using these results, a closed-loop control methodology based on a quasi-steady approach was defined and several architectures were tested for various parameters such as the input signal, the objective function, the tuning of the feedback gain. All closed-loop methods were implemented on a dSPACE device able to estimate in real time the fluidic actuators command calculated mainly from the unsteady pressure sensors data. The efficiency of delaying the buffet onset or limiting its effects was demonstrated using the quasi-steady closed-loop approach and tested in both research and industrial wind tunnel environments.

• 한국초전도ㆍ저온공학회논문지
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• 제5권3호
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• pp.20-22
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• 2003

Y$_2$O$_3$ films were pulsed laser deposited on cube textured Ni and Ni-W substrates to be used as a single buffer layer of YBCO coated conductor. Initial deposition of $Y_2$O$_3$ films was performed in a reducing atmosphere, and subsequent deposition was done in the base pressure of the chamber and oxygen atmosphere. The $Y_2$O$_3$ films have a strong cube texture (The full width at half maximum of the ø-scan of $Y_2$O$_3$ was 8.4 which was the same as that of metal substrate) and smooth crack-free microstructure. The biaxially textured YBCO films (The full width at half maximum of the ø-scan was 10.2) pulsed laser deposited on the $Y_2$O$_3$/metal exhibited Tc(R=0) of 86.5K and Jc of 0.7 MA/cm2 at 77K in self field, representing that the $Y_2$O$_3$ single buffer layer is an efficient diffusion barrier of Ni and thus very promising for the achievement of high-Jc YBCO coated conductor.

• 한국경영과학회지
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.157-179
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• 2006

Recently, as business becomes more dependent on information technology for their operations, SI project managers are under increasing pressure to implement SI projects on time and within budget, and to satisfy customer requirements. For the success of SI projects and customer satisfaction, SI project managers should master the critical shills and knowledge requirements and consider the proper leadership style to lead the team members and to manage SI projects. The leadership style includes four categories, such as directive leadership, supportive leadership, participative leadership, and achievement-oriented leadership. This study has examined the project managers' competency and suggests the three competency factors, which are technical, human, and conceptual shills, for the success of SI projects and customer satisfaction. The study suggests that SI project managers should master the three critical skills and knowledge requirements, and consider the proper leadership style for the successful implementation of SI projects. Also SI project managers should consider contingency factors such as project size and duration and outcome variables such as protect performance and customer satisfaction so as to enhance the leadership effectiveness.

• 한국자동차공학회논문집
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.39-45
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• 2012

Today gasoline engines for vehicular application are not only faced with stringent emission regulation but also with increasing requirements to better fuel economy, while guaranteeing power density. The spray-guided type gasoline direct injection (GDI) engine has an advantage of improved thermal efficiency and lower harmful emissions. Centrally mounted high pressure injector and adjacent spark plug allow stable lean combustion due to the flexible mixture stratification. In the present study, the performance and emissions characteristics of developed spray-guided type GDI combustion system were evaluated at various excess air ratio conditions. The specific fuel consumption and nitrogen oxides ($NO_x$) emissions were reduced due to the achievement of stable lean combustion under flammability limit. Multiple injection strategy was not helpful to improve fuel consumption while further reduction of $NO_x$ emissions was possible.