• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제45권7호
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• pp.966-972
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• 2016

본 연구에서는 해조류 추출물 20종의 치매 예방 및 개선 소재로서의 가치를 검토하기 위해 총폴리페놀 함량, ABTS radical 소거능, acetylcholinesterase(AChE) 저해 활성, ${\beta}$-secretase 효소 억제 활성 및 신경세포 보호 효과를 비교하였다. 해조류 추출물의 총폴리페놀 함량과 ABTS radical 소거능을 측정한 결과 감태 추출물의 총폴리페놀 함량이 가장 높았으며, 검둥감태와 감태 추출물이 높은 ABTS radical 소거능을 나타내었다. AChE 저해 활성을 검토한 결과 감태, 검둥감태, 바위수염이 30% 이상의 높은 저해 활성을 보였고 그중 감태가 가장 높은 억제율을 나타내었다. 또한, ${\beta}$-secretase 효소 억제 활성은 검둥감태, 감태, 왜모자반 추출물에서 관찰되었다. $H_2O_2$에 의해 유도된 신경세포 독성에 대한 보호 효과는 감태, 검둥감태, 왜모자반 추출물 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 관찰되었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보았을 때 감태 추출물이 치매 예방 및 개선제로서의 활용 가능성이 가장 뛰어난 것으로 생각되며, 추가로 생리활성 물질 구명 및 작용기전 입증을 위한 후속 연구가 진행되어야 할 것으로 생각한다.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제17권1호
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• pp.1-16
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• 2006

Objective: An water extract of the Hwang-Ryun-Chung-Sim-Um (HRC) was assessed to determine the mechanisms of its antioxidant activity. In addition, the HRC was examined in vitro for the inhibitory effect on the acetylcholinesterse (AChE). Methods: The HRC exhibited a concentration-treatment; scavenging ${\alpha},{\alpha}-diphenyl-{\beta}-picrylhydrazyl$ (DPPH) radical, linoleic acid oxidation in a thiocyanate assay system, hydroxyl radical-induced DNA nicking. We investigated mRNA levels such as catalase activity, superoxide-dismutase and glutathione peroxidase. The water extract of HRC showed inhibitory effect on AChE activity. Result: The HRC extract showed dose-dependent free radical scavenging activity, including DPPH radicals and hydroxyl radicals, using different system. The HRC was also found to be effective in protecting plasmid DNA against the strand breakage induced by Hydroxyl radicals in Fenton's reaction mixture. Futhermore, catalase mRNA expression levels increased, but SOD1 and MnSOD was not expressed. HRC in a various concentration-dependent decreased AChE mRNA levels and inhibitory effect showed AChE. Conclusion: According to the above results, it is supposed that HRC is applicable to the Dementia-type of Alzheimer clinically.

• 대한약침학회지
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.10-17
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• 2017

Objectives: Boswellic acid (BA), a compound isolated from the gum-resin of Boswellia carterii, is a pentacyclic terpenoid that is active against many inflammatory diseases, including cancer, arthritis, chronic colitis, ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and memory impairment, but the mechanism is poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of boswellic acid on spatial learning and memory impairment induced by trimethyltin (TMT) in Wistar rats. Methods: Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: Normal group, TMT-administrated rats (8.0 mg/kg, Intraperitoneally, i.p.) and TMT + BA (40, 80 and 160 mg/kg, i.p.)-administrated rats. BA was used daily for 21 days. To evaluate the cognitive improving of BA, we performed the Morris water maze test. Moreover, to investigate the neuroprotective effect of BA, we determined the acetylcholinesterase (AchE) activity, the malondialdehyde (MDA) level as a marker of lipid peroxidation, and the glutathione (GSH) content in the cerebral cortex. Results: Treatment with TMT impaired learning and memory, and treatment with BA at a dose of 160 mg/kg produced a significant improvement in learning and memory abilities in the water maze tasks. Consistent with behavioral data, the activity of AChE was significantly increased in the TMT-injected rats compared to the control group (P < 0.01) whereas all groups treated with BA presented a more significant inhibitory effect against AChE than the TMT-injected animals. In addition, TMT reduced the GSH content and increased the MDA level in the cerebral cortex as compared to the control group) P < 0.01). On the other hand, treatment with BA at 160 mg/kg slightly increased the GSH content and reduced the MDA level in comparison to the TMT-administered group (P < 0.01). Conclusion: The above results suggest that the effect of BA in improving the cognitive function may be mediated through its antioxidant activity.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제22권5호
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• pp.657-664
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 인지기능을 가진 약효제를 발굴하는 것이다. 본 연구에서는 토끼의 간과 신경세포로부터 각각 유래한 angiotension converting enzyme과 acetylcholinesterase에 대한 강황 열수추출물(CLWE)의 억제효과 뿐만 아니라 항산화 효과가 조사되었다. 이리하여 먼저 산화적 스트레스와 연관이 있는 환원력과 DPPH radical, superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical, lipid peroxidation에 대한 CLEW의 소거능 및 DNA 산화에 대한 보호효과를 평가하였다. CLEW는 환원력 뿐만 아니라 본 연구에서 시험된 활성산소종 중에서 특히 superoxide anion의 소거능이 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 더욱이 CLEW는 0.25% 이상의 농도에서 angiotensin converting enzyme 활성을 억제효과를 발휘하는 것으로 나타났다. 신경세포에서 CLEW는 또한 산화적 스트레스와 nitric oxide 유발을 억제하였다. 그러므로 이상의 결과는 CLEW의 항산화 효과와 신경세포 보호효과를 입증하여, 이것이 사람의 신경건강을 위한 천연생물소재로 잠재적인 가능성을 가지고 있을 것으로 시사한다.

• 한국식품저장유통학회지
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• 제20권6호
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• pp.840-845
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• 2013

본 연구에서는 20종 생약 열수추출물의 AChE 활성, 산화스트레스로 인한 지질 과산화물 생성 억제능 및 뇌신경세포 사멸에 대한 보호효과를 비교하였다. AChE의 억제활성은 산수유, 감초, 당귀 열수추출물에서 우수하였으며, 그 중 산수유가 가장 높은 억제율을 나타내었다. 또한 $H_2O_2/FeSO_4$로 산화 스트레스를 유발시켜 생약 열수추출물의 지질과산화물 생성 억제 활성을 조사한 결과 소엽, 하수오, 계피 및 감초 열수추출물에서 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. L-Glutamate에 의해 유도된 신경세포 독성에 대한 보호효과는 감초, 계피, 길경, 박하 열수추출물의 $100{\mu}g/mL$ 농도에서 관찰되었다. 본 연구를 종합적으로 살펴보았을 때, 감초 열수추출물이 치매 예방 및 개선제로써의 활용가능성이 가장 뛰어난 것으로 판단된다. 향후 치매예방 효능을 가지는 새로운 화합물 발굴을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.427-432
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• 2005

본 연구에서는 퇴행성 질환의 하나인 치매의 예방 및 치료를 위한 물질 탐색의 기초자료로서 식물 추출물에서 AChE 저해와 항산화 활성을 살펴보았다. AChE 효소의 저해 활성을 살펴본 결과, 식물 전초(whole plant) 추출물에서는 당근, 땃딸기와 고추나물에서 20%-30% AChE 저해 활성을 보였으며, 또한 식물 부위별(stem, leaf, fruit, root) 추출물의 AChE저 해 활성을 살펴본 결과, 줄기 부위 추출물에서는 은행나무(Gingko biloba)가 32.1%, 잎 부위 추출물에서는 산철쭉(Rhododendron yedoensa var. poukhanense)이 33.9%, 열매 부위 추출물에서는 선인장(Opuntia ficus-indica var. saboen)이 18.2%의 AChE 저해 활성을 보였다. 항산화 활성을 살펴본 결과, 식물 전초에서는 땃딸기(Fragaria yezoensis)에서 90.4%의 라디칼 제거 효과로 L-ascorbic acid와 거의 유사한 항산화력이 나타나났다. 식물 부위별 추출물의 라디칼 제거 효과를 살펴본 결과, 줄기와 뿌리 부위 추출물의 은행나무, 잎 추출물에서 털진달래(Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum)가 약 90%의 라디칼 제거 효과를 보였으며, 열매 부위 추출물의 산수유(Cornus officinalis)는 약 95% DPPH 라디칼 제거 효과로 가장 높은 항산화 활성을 보였다. 따라서 식물 전초 추출물의 땃딸기와 고추나물, 식물 부위별 추출물에서는 줄기 부위의 은행나무와 잎 부위의 산철쭉이 AChE 효소 저해와 항산화력 활성이 높으므로 퇴행성 질환의 하나인 치매를 예방하고 치료하는데 도움이 될 것으로 기대된다.

• 동의생리병리학회지
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• 제18권6호
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• pp.1666-1685
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• 2004

This present study was designed to screen medicinal plants for the treatment of brain diseases such as Parkinson's disease or aging. We tested the effects of the water extracts from 38 species medicinal plants on antioxidant capacity, monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) inhibitory activity, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibition and antiperoxidation activity in vitro. The water extracts from 38 species were tested on their antioxidant activity using radical scavenging effects against ABTS+. The water extract of C. sappan was showed the highest antioxidant capacity, the antioxidant activity at 1 Jig of herbal extract being 0.38mM TE. Lipid peroxidation in brain homogenates induced by NADPH and ADP-Fe/sup 2+/ was strong inhibited by C. sappan and R. palmatum extracts. Among the 38 medicinal plants investigated, R. palmatum showed significant biological activity (antioxidant capacity, MAO-B inhibiory activity, and AChE inhibitory activity). The protective efficacy of R. palmatum water extract on 1-methyl-4­phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP)-induced parkinsonism and its possible mechanism were studied in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment of R. palmatum water extract protected biomacromolecules such as lipids from oxidative damage induced by MPTP. The content of MDA in brain tissue was decreased significantly by R. palmatum extract. These results suggest that R. palmatum water extract plays on effective role in attenuating MPTP-induced neurotoxicity in mice. This protective effect of R. palmatum might be estimated the result from the inhibitory activity on monoamine oxidase B and the enhancement of antioxidant activity.

• 한국약용작물학회지
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• 제24권5호
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• pp.375-385
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• 2016

Background: The study was conducted to elucidate the extraction conditions under which white ginseng has cognition-improving efficacy. Methods and Results: Extracts from white ginseng under different solvent and temperature conditions were analyzed for ginsenoside content and inhibitory effect on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and acetylcholinesterase. The total ginsenoside contents and amounts of ginsenoside Rb1 plus ginsenoside Rg1 from the 1st extracts (prepared with EtOH/$H_2O$ as solvent) were higher than those from the 2nd extracts (extracted with $H_2O$ after the 1st EtOH/$H_2O$ extraction). The contents in the 1st and 2nd extracts produced at $80^{\circ}C$ were also higher than those obtained at $50^{\circ}C$. Samples from the 1st extraction at $80^{\circ}C$ indicated higher inhibitory activities on NMDA receptors-whose excessive activation is thought to mediate the calcium-dependent neurotoxicity associated with several neurodegenerative diseases-than those from the 2nd extraction. Among the samples prepared at varying temperatures, the extract prepared at $50^{\circ}C$ showed the highest suppression activity on NMDA receptors. Note, however, that the extracts from the 2nd extraction at $50^{\circ}C$ inhibited acetylcholinesterase-whose inhibition could be a therapeutic strategy for neurodegenerative diseases with cognitive deficits and memory malfunction-more effectively than those from the 1st extraction. Conclusions: To enhance the cognition-improving activity of white ginseng extract, it is suggested that the extracts be utilized after being combined the 1st extracts (made with EtOH/$H_2O$ solvent) and the 2nd extracts (prepared with $H_2O$) at low temperature.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.79-115
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• 2002

This research investigates the effect of the Crataegus pinnatifida BGE. var. major N.E. BR(CPVM) on Alzheimer's disease. Specifically, the effects of the DYHT extract on (1) $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), and glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cells treated with CTI05; (2) the AChE activity and the APP production of PC-12 cell treated with CT105; (3) the behavior; and (4) expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, reactive oxygen species(ROS), nitrite oxide(NO); and (5) the infarction area of the hippocampus, and brain tissue injury in Alzheimer's diseased mice induced with CT105 were investigated. The results are as follow. 1. The CPVM extract suppressed the expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, APP, AChE, and GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cells treated with CT105. 2. The CPVM extract suppressed the AChE activity and the production of APP significantly in PC-12 cells treated with CT105. 3. The CPVM extract group showed a significant inhibitory effect on the memory deficit for the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105 in the Morris water maze experiment. 4. The CPVM extract suppressed the over-expression of $IL-1{\beta}$, $TNF-{\alpha}$, ROS and NO in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105. 5. The CPVM extract reduced the infarction area of hippocampus, and controlled the injury of brain tissue in the mice with Alzheimer's disease induced by CT105. These results suggest that the CPVM extract may be effective for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.

• 동의신경정신과학회지
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.63-78
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• 2007

Objective : This experiment was designed to investigate the effect of Thalictrum foetidum(TFD) on the Alzheimer's disease. Method : The effects of TFD on amyloid precursor proteins(APP), acetylcholinesterase(AChE), glial fibrillary acidic protein(GFAP) mRNA of PC-12 cell treated by amyloid ${\beta}$ $protein(A{\beta})$ and $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA of THP-l cell treated by lipopolysaccharide(LPS), AChE activity of PC-12 cell lysate treated by $A{\beta}$ and behavior of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine, and glucose, AChE in serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine were investigated, respectively. Results : The results were summarized as follows ; 1. TFD suppressed APP, AChE, GFAP mRNA in PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$. 2. TFD suppressed $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6, $TNF-{\alpha}$ mRNA in THP-l cell treated by LPS 3.. TFD suppressed AChE activity in cell lysate of PC-12 cell treated by $A{\beta}$. 4. TFD increased glucose and decreased AChE significantly in the serum of the memory deficit mice induced by scopolamine. 5. TFD group showed significantly inhibitory effect on the scopolamine-induced impairment of learning and memory in the experiment of Morris water maze. Conclusion : According to the above results, it is suggested that TFD might be usefully applied for prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease.