• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.1483-1486
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• 1999

The contents of pentachlorophenol (PCP) and 2,3,5,6-tetrachlorophenol (TeCP) in textile products are regulated for safety. Since an organic solvent such as 2-methoxyethanol is needed to extract chlorinated phenols from textile samples, nonaqueous capillary electrophoresis has been applied to achieve the separation of PCP and isomers of TeCP. The run buffer was 100 mM Tris/acetate in methanol whose pH was adjusted to 8.0. All of the analytes were negatively charged at pH 8.0 and their electrophoretic velocities were higher than the electroosmotic flow of the methanol buffer. A reverse voltage of -20 kV was applied along a 27-cm fused silica capillary with ID of 50 μm, and PCP and 3 TeCP isomers were separated based on the difference in $pK_a$ values in less than 4 min. The limits of detection (S/N = 3) were about 0.02 μM. By varying pH of the methanol run buffer, $pK_a$ values of the 4 chlorinated phenols were also estimated.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.235-242
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• 1998

Membrane electrode based on chitin(po1y-[$1{\rightarrow}4$]-${\beta}$-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine) was prepared by mixing uniformly grounded of chitin (100 mesh) with PVC and DOS. We investigated the potential response of chitin membrane electrode to metal ions. It was observed that the response slopes for $Cd^{2+}$(34.9 mV/decade) and $Cu^{2+}$(34.0 mV/decade) were larger than those for other ions in pH 4 acetate buffer. The potentiometric response of chitin electrode to varying pH was nearly constant in the pH range of 2~12.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.59-71
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• 1968

The uptake of phenolsulfonphthalein (PSP) and of paraaminohippuric acid (PAH) by cortical slices of the rabbit kidney was investigated while varying the composition of medium. The overall uptake of these substances displayed typical active transport characteristics and was significantly enhanced in presence of acetate. When the phosphate buffer was used the optimal pH was 7.4 for both substances. However, when the tris-buffer was used the optimal pH was 7.4 for PSP and 8.3 for PAH. Removal of $Na^+$ from the medium resulted in a significant reduction in the uptake. Similar results, though lesser in magnitude, were obtained when either $K^+\;or\;Ca^{++}$ was removed from the medium. However, there was no additive effect when $K^+\;and/or\;Ca^{++}$ were additionally removed from the $Na^+-free$ medium. The presence of ${NH_4}^+$ greatly reduced while $Li^+\;and\;Mg^{++}$ moderately reduced the uptake of both substances. However, choline had no effect. In substrate-leached slices, acetate greatly enhance the uptake of organic acids; but this action was not demonstrable in absence of $Na^+,\;K^+\;or\;Ca^{++}$.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.843-848
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• 1996

As the first step of studies related to production of chitooligosaccharides by physical methods, chitosan solution were sonicated with 20 kHz and various treatment effects were examined to present fundamental data of sonicated chitosan solution. Intrinsic viscosity of chitosan solution sharply decreased from 3.76 dl/g to 2.90 dl/g until 5 minutes of sonication and then slowly decreased. With low volume of chitosan solution, sonication was very effective and temperature of chitosan solution slightly affected the efficiency of sonication. In case of changing the solvent, no significant differences were observed on the effect of sonication, however, acetate buffer had highest sonication effect among various solvents. The sonication effect was increased as the increasement of the value of pH, on the contrary, ionic strength and type of counterions showed no effect on sonication. With these results, we assumed that optimal sonication treatment would be as follows, solution volume was $10\~20\;ml$, temperature range was $20\~30^{\circ}C$, pH value of solution was 4.5 and type of solvent was acetate buffer.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Service
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 1996

Sulfonamides are widely used to treat mastitis of cattle in field. The study was carried out to analyze sulfonamid residues In raw milk from south Kyeonggi area. The milk sample was deproteinated with acetone and defatted with hexane. The residual sulfonamides were extracted with ethylacetate, concentrated under vaccum, reconstituted with the acetate buffer-methanol mixture, reacted with fluorescamine, and then analyzed by HPLC-fluorescence detector(EX. 39nm, Em. 495nm) with methanol : acetate buffer system(3/2, v /v) as a mobile phase. The results analyzed by Thin layer chromatography and High performance liquid chromatography were summarized as follows. 1. A total of 24 cases out of 478 raw milk samples(5.0%) collected during April and May showed positive reaction to sulfonamide residues. Among 24 positive reactors, 9 cases were positive to sulfanilamides(32.1%), 8 cases were positive to sulfathiazoles(28.6%) and 5 cases were positive to sulfamonomthoxines (7.9%) , respectively. 2. During July and August, 31 cases out of 464 raw milk samples(6.7%) showed positive re action to sulfonamide residues. Among them S cases were positive to sulfanilamides, 5 cases sulfathiazoles and 5 cases sulfamonomethoxines(16.1%), respectively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.280-284
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• 1999

To overcome unstability of ascorbic acid, liposome was used to encapsulate it. Ascorbic acid was encapsulated with 46.8% efficiency inside soybean phosphatidyl choline liposomes by the dehydration-rehydration method. Stability of encapsulated ascorbic acid in liposome was enhanced compared to that in free aqueous solution. For example, most of ascorbic acid in acetate buffer (pH 5.0) was oxidized after 7 days, however, that in liposome was remained as reduced form with 22.8% after 40 days at same conditions. These results mean that encapsulation of ascorbic acid in liposome could provide protection tool for improvement in shelf life.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.105-111
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• 2006

Objectives : This study was conducted to carry out Purification of Melittin and other peptide components from Bee Venom using gel filtration chromatography and propionic acid/urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis Methods : Melittin and other peptide components were separated from bee venom by using gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-50 column in 0.05M ammonium acetate buffer. Results : Melittin and other peptide components were separated from bee venom by using gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-50 column in 0.05M ammonium acetate buffer. The fractions obtained from gel filtration chromatography was analyzed by using SDS-PAGE and propionic acid/urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The melittin obtained from the gel filtration contained residual amount of phospholipase $A_2$ and a protein with molecular weight of 6,000. The contaminating proteins were removed by the second gel filtration chromatography. Conclusion : Gel filtration chromatography and propionic acid/urea polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis are useful to separate peptide components including melittin from bee venom.

• The Korean Journal of Zoology
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.119-124
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• 1971

Male mice of strain SM were given 128 rads of single whole-body gamma-irradiation of $^{60}Co$, 14 to 16 minutes following a subcutaneous injection of physiological saline or cortisone acetate (1mg/day, for 4 days preirradiation). The serum protein patterns and the level of the total serum proteins were determined at various time intervals after exposure. Total serum protein was determined by Biuret method and serum protein fractions and A/G ratio were determined by paper electrophoresis using Whatman No.1 filter paper and barbital buffer (pH 8.6, ionic strength 0.06). 1. Total body gamma-irradiation caused a rise in the level of the total serum protein at 1 day and in the level of the serum albumin-globulin ratio at 5 days in both cortisone acetate-treated and control groups. 2. Cortisone acetate delayed the total serum protein rise at 5, 10, and 20 days after exposure. 3. Cortisone acetate delayed the A/G ratio rise at 1, 5, and 10 days after exposure. 4. It may be inferred that cortisone greatly reduces the sensitivity of mice to gamma-irradiation on the blood protein, probided that cortisone is given before the exposure.

• Journal of Surface Science and Engineering
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.112-117
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• 2005

In this paper, CdS thin films, which were widely used as a window layer of the CdS/CdTe and the $CdS/CuInSe_2$heterojunction solar cell, were grown by chemical bath deposition, and the structural, optical and electrical properties of the films on reaction temperatures were investigated. Cadmium acetate and thiourea were used as cadmium and sulfur source, respectively. And Ammonium acetate was used as the buffer solution. As the reaction temperatures were increased, the deposition rate of CdS fllms prepared by CBD was increased and the grain size was large due to increasing reaction rate in solution, also optical transmittance of the films in visible lights was increased on rising reaction temperatures.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.13-19
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• 2014

Phosphoric acid was used as etching agent instead of conventional peroxide - based chemicals for forming pattern of ultra definition display. Etchant was synthesized by mixing etching agent, oxidation agent, buffer solution, and additive into solvent, deionized water. Thicknesses of copper, main metal of ultra definition display, for etching, were 10,000 and $30,000{{\AA}}$. Etch stop of good low skew for proper pattern formation has been occurred at the content ratio of phosphoric acid 60 - 64%, nitric acid 4 - 5%, additive(potassium acetate) 1 - 3%. Buffer solution(acetic acid) decreased the metal contact angle $63.07^{\circ}$ to $42.49^{\circ}$ for benefiting pattern formation. Content variations on four components (phosphoric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, potassium acetic acid) of the etchant with storage time were within 3 wt% after 24 hrs of etching work.