• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2006.04a
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• pp.632-633
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• 2006

• 한국약용작물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2009.05a
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• pp.347-348
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• 2009

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.55-62
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• 2005

To investigate the fore,:t community structure in the Danggol valley of Taebaeksan (Mt.), area, 45 plots$(10m\times10m)$, were set up with a random sampling method. By cluster analysis the forest community in the study area was classified into three groups (Larix leptolepis community, Fraxinus rhynchophylla-Carpinus cordata community, Betula costata-Quercus mongolica community). There were strong positive correlations between Euonymus sachalinensis and Rhododendron schlippenbachii: Weigela subsessilis and Rhododendron schlippenbachii, Euonymus sachalinensis; Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Acer tegmentosum; Quercus mongolica and Tilia amurensis. While there were negative correlations between Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Tilia amurensis, Acer ukurunduense: Quercus mongolica and Acer ukurunduense; Pinus koraiensis and Euonyms sachalinensis Fraxinus sieboldiana and Magnolia sieboldii, Carpinus cordata, Acer mono. Species diversity(H') of the investigated area was $0.7932\~1.2077$.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Environmental Restoration Technology
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.17-27
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• 2012

Climate is generally accepted as one of the major determinants of plants distribution. Plants are sensitive to bioclimates, and local variations of climate determine habitats of plants. The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors affecting the distribution of narrow-range plants in South Korea using National Survey of Natural Environment data. We developed species distribution models for 6 plant species using climate, topographic and soil factors. All 6 plants were most sensitive to climatic factors but less other factors at national scale. Meliosma myriantha, Stewartia koreana and Eurya japonica, distributed at southern and coast region in Korea, were most sensitive to precipitation and temperature. Meliosma myriantha was mostly effected by annual precipitation and precipitation of driest quarter, Stewartia koreana was effected by annual precipitation and elevation, and Eurya japonica was affected by temperature seasonality and precipitation of driest quarter. On the other hand, Spiraea salicifolia, Rhododendron micranthum and Acer tegmentosum, distributed at central and northern inland in Korea, were most sensitive to temperature and elevation. Spiraea salicifolia was affected by mean temperature of coldest quarter and annual mean temperature, Rhododendron micranthum and Acer tegmentosum were affected by mean temperature of warmest quarter and elevation. We can apply this result to future plant habitat distribution under climate change.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.923-929
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• 2005

Methanol extracts of domestic plants of Korea were evaluated as a potential inhibitor of neutral pH optimum and membrane-associated 60 kDa sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) activity. In this study, we partially purified N-SMase from bovine brain membranes using ammonium sulfate. It was purified approximately 163-fold by the sequential use of DE52, Butyl-Toyopearl, DEAE-Cellulose, and Phenyl-5PW column chromatographies. The purified N-SMase activity was assayed in the presence of the plant extracts of three hundreds species. Based on the in vitro assay, three plant extracts significantly inhibited the N-SMase activity in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. To further examine the inhibitory pattern, a Dixon plot was constructed for each of the plant extracts. The extracts of Abies nephrolepis, Acer tegmentosum, and Ginkgo biloba revealed a competitive inhibition with the inhibition constant (Ki) of $11.9 {\mu}g/mL,\;9.4{\mu}g/mL,\;and\;12.9{\mu}g/mL$, respectively. These extracts also inhibited in a dose-dependent manner the production of ceramide induced by serum deprivation in human neuroblastoma cell line SH-SY5Y.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2008

In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of salidroside (SAL) isolated from the MeOH extract of Acer tegmentosum Maxim heartwood in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. SAL pretreatment significantly inhibited nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin $E_2$ ($PGE_2$) productions in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Western blot and RT-PCR analyses revealed that SAL inhibited the LPS-induced expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) at the protein and mRNA levels in a concentration-dependent manner. In addition, SAL reduced the release and the mRNA expressions of tumor necrosis $factor-{\alpha}$ ($TNF-{\alpha}$) and interleukin-6 (IL-6). Furthermore, nuclear factorkappa B ($NF{-\kappa}B$) luciferase reporter assay was performed to know the involvement of SAL in the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, we confirmed that LPS-induced transcription activity of $NF{-\kappa}B$ was inhibited by SAL. Taken together, our data indicate that anti-inflammatory property of salidroside might be the result from the inhibition of iNOS, COX-2, $TNF-{\alpha}$ and IL-6 expressions via the down-regulation of $NF{-\kappa}B$ activity.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.296-303
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• 2007

Acer tegmentosum (Acereaceae) has been used a source of traditional medicines for the treatment of hepatic disorders in Korea. This research was conducted to determine biofunctional activities of A. tegmentosum stem extract and to identify its bioactive components. Methanolic extract from A. tegmentosum stem was partitioned by using organic solvents, including n-hexane, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Two compounds were isolated by using an ODS column chromatography from ethyl acetate soluble fraction shown to the strongest antioxidant activity ($RC_{50}=3.15\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$) among the fractions. The isolated compounds were analyzed by $^1H$ and $^{13}C$ NMR, IR, UV/VIS, MS spectrum data and identified as catechin, ${\rho}-Hydroxyphenethyl$ alcohol $1-O-{\beta}-_D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside$. The compounds have shown strong antioxidant activity, with similar activity to BHA ($RC_{50}=2\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$). Especially, ${\rho}-Hydroxyphenethyl$ alcohol 1-O-{\beta}-_D-(6'-O-galloyl)-glucopyranoside$ was shown strong anti-lipid peroxidative activity. However, the compounds were not shown antimicrobial activities. In antimicrobial activity assays, ethyl acetate soluble fraction was effective to bacterial inhibition, such as Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumonia, with minimum inhibitory concentrations in $125\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$. Otherwise, antifungal activity against Candida albicans was shown in n-hexane soluble fraction exhibiting $63\;{\mu}g/m{\ell}$ of minimum inhibitory concentration. In anticomplementary activity assays, water soluble fraction was the most effective exhibiting 24% inhibitory activity.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.22-29
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• 2009

To investigate the vegetation structure of mountain valley from Cheonwangbong to Seonneotang, 23 plots($400m^2$) set up with random sampling method were surveyed. Two groups of Abies koreana community, Fraxinus mandshurica-Acer pseudo-sieboldianum community were classified by cluster analysis. Abies koreana was a major woody plant species in the valley area from Cheonwangbong to Mapogpo, and Pinus koraiensis, Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Sorbus amurensis was partly occupied. High positive correlations was proved between Picea jezoensis and Sorb us amurensis, Taxus cuspidata, Fraxinus sieboldiana, Kalopanax pictus; Betula costata and Betula platyphylla var. japonica, Corn us controversa; Abies koreana and Pinus koraiensis; Stephanandra incisa and Betula ermani, Acer tegmentosum, Prunus sargentii; Acer pseudo-sieboldianum and Betula ermani; Fraxinus mandshurica and Deutzia prunifolia, Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes; Sorbus amurensis and Kalopanax pictus; Betula platyphylla var.japonica and Cornus controversa; Lindera erythrocarpa and Lespedeza maximowiczii, Quercus serrata, Styrax obassia; Lindera obtusi/oba and Abies holophylla; Carpinus laxiflora and Lespedeza maximowiczii; Fraxinus sieboldiana and Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes, Pinus koraiensis, Taxus cuspidata; Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes and Taxus cuspidata; Quercus mongolia and Rhododendron schlippenbachii; Quercus serrata and Styrax obassia, and relatively high negative correlations was proved between Abies koreana and Deutzia prunifolia; Lindera obtusi/oba and Pinus koraiensis. Species diversity(H') of investigated groups was ranged $2.7478{\sim}2.9573$.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.5
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• pp.552-563
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• 2000

The aim of this study was to characterize the forest vegetation and site of Odaesan National Park for ecological forest management. The vegetation could be divided into two forest community groups, seven forest communities, and several subcommunities. South exposed, dry slopes were covered with forests of the Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community group. Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudosieboldianum community group could be subdivided into ${\bullet}$ Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum community on dry sites, especially on south or south-westly exposed ridges or convex slopes; ${\bullet}$ Lespedeza${\times}$tomentella community on south exposed slopes, at low altitudes in the eastern part of the study area; ${\bullet}$ Carex humilis-Maackia amurensis community on south exposed slopes up to the montane region; ${\bullet}$ Quercus mongolica-Acer pseudo-sieboldianum typical community on south exposed middle and low slopes, and on upper and middle north exposed slopes; ${\bullet}$ Pimpinella brachycarpa community, preferably on moderately moist and cool sites. On north exposed, more humid and moist sites, forests of the Dryopteris crassirhizoma-Cornus controversa community group were found. This group was subdivided into ${\bullet}$ Acer tschonoskii var. rubripes-Acer tegmentosum community on moderately moist to moist, loamy soils on shady slopes; ${\bullet}$ Deutzia glabrata-Ulmus laciniata community on north exposed slopes with rocky soil and boulders, having high humidity. There are several rare and endangered species in Rhododendron mucronulatum var. ciliatum community, Carex humilis-Maackia amurensis community, Vicia venosa var. cuspidata subcommunity and Saxifraga punctata subcommunity, and the communities were located in azonal areas in topography. To protect the species, the areas should be categorized as an absolute conservation area, and any forest working should be prohibited in this area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.411-417
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• 2009

This research is intended to discover physiological and biochemical defense mechanisms against herbivores of 8 species of the genus Acerby examining the morphological characteristics of the leaf, the structure and number of leaf domatia, herbivores insects and mites feeding on leaves, which were collected from the trees growing in Mt. Chiak, Mt. Cheongtae, Mt. Jungwang, Mt. Bangtae, Mt. Taebaek and Wonju City. This research was conducted from May through July, 2009, and the results are as follows. The domatia of A. pseudosieboldianum, A. pictum subsp. mono and A. mandshuricum belongs to tuft type; that of A. palmatum, A. triflorum and A. tschonoskii pocket+tuft type; and that of A. tegmentosum pocket type. The number of domatia per leaf turned out to be the highest in the case of A. tegmentosum(20.2), and the lowest in the case of A. ginnala (4.2). Leaf surface trichomes of A. palmatum, A. pseudosiebotdianum, A. ginnala and A. mandshuricum are covered with villi; those of A. pictum subsp. mono and A. triflorum with soft, pilose type of hair, and those of A. tschonoskii with stiff, strigose hair. The trichome density of lower leaf surface is found to be higher than that of the upper leaf surface. Only in the case of A. palmatum, A. pseudosieboldianum, A. tegmentosum and A. tschonoskii, a small amount of nectar is found to be secreted from the distal vein parts of the leaf margin. The number of mites on each leaf are found to be significantly different among tree species, and average mites number per leaf was the highest in the case of A. tschonoskii (9.2/leaf), and A. mandshuricum, A. pseudosieboldianum, and A. triflorum follow it in decreasing order. Minute insects attacking the leaf of Acer spp. include Periphyllus californiensis, P. viridis, Psylla spp, and gall mites, and the number of these insects are found in Periphyllus californiensis, Psylla spp, P. viridis, and Cicadellidae sp. in decreasing order. The natural enemies of these herbivores insects are predatory mites, such as Chilocorus rubidus, Coccinella septempunctata and the nymph, Aphidius ervi, Poecilocoris lewisi and its larva, and Poecilocoris lewisi. Lasius japonicus and Formica japonica are symbiotic with aphids, and supports herbivores. Finally, our research confirmed that predatory mites attack Periphyllus californiensis and suck the body fluid of their victim. This proves that mites form a symbiotic relationship with plants through the mediation of leaf domatia. This also indicates that a protective mutualism may be more conspicuous in temperate broad-leaved trees.