• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.8
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• pp.479-484
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• 2020

In the social atmosphere where the importance of appearance is increasing day by day, efforts and desires of modern people are becoming more active and diversified, and the beauty beauty industry is gradually becoming more specialized and specialized due to these effects. Hair damage is inevitable due to the excessive permanent wave or hair coloring of modern people. However, as the hair is damaged, the cuticle peels off and falls off, and the tensile force decreases and the satisfaction after hair styling or perm decreases relatively. Therefore, it is necessary to manage damaged hair, but since artificial synthetic products occupy most of hair treatment agents on the market, it is necessary to develop a hair treatment product containing antioxidants useful for the human body. In this study, the effect of maple leaf extract on the mechanical change of colored hair was analyzed to investigate the potential of maple leaf extract as a hair treatment agent to improve damaged hair and improve hair health. It is considered that this study will be used as basic data for the development of hair beauty products using natural products in the future.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.96 no.4
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• pp.470-476
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• 2007

This study is conducted to identify responses of plants to low $O_3$ concentration, Five species, Liriodendron tulipifera, Cornus officinalis, Ginkgoba biloba, Zelkova serrata, and Acer palmatum, were exposed to low ozone concentration from June 9 to July 8 in the phytotron, We measured chlorophyll contents, leaf diffusion resistance, leaf transpiration, and antioxidant enzyme activities; ascorbate peroxidase(APX), Especially, Liriodendron tulipifera and Cornus officinalis showed sensitive responses to ozone treatment as visible injuries, while other four species relatively showed tolerant responses. However, we noticed that almost all species under ozone treatment were lower physiological activities such as chlorophyll contents, leaf diffusion resistance, leaf transpiration, and antioxidant enzyme activities with time even without any visible injury.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.49-57
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• 1996

To figure out the relation between the shade hours and the landscape tree growth in the apartment housing areas, the present sizes and planting positions of 4 tree species in Gwacheon-si apartment housing areas were surveyed. Then, shade hours were analyzed and the data were analyzed by simple linear regression method. As a whole, the R$^{2}$ was too low to generalize the regression equation. Therefore, it was presumed that the gravity of shade hours in landscape tree growth in this sample site was relatively lower than that of any other environmental factors. However, it was presumed that the characteristics of shade intolerant and tolerant tree were turned up, because Pinus strobus showed a low negative correlation with shade housm and Acer palmatum and Magnolia denudata showed a low positive correlation with shade hours generally. And, it was proved that the statistically significant cases were the tree diameter at root collar and tree sidth of Acer palmatum and tree width of Magnolia denudata with shade hours showing a low correlation coefficient less than 0.4.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.303-315
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• 2018

Bonsai is part of export forest products in Korea. Demand for bonsai exports to other countries is growing but the need for quarantine hazards must be eliminated in other to export. Plant parasitic nematode is also an important factor in quarantine. The nematodes were surveyed from bonsai farms in 6 areas of Korea. The surveyed deciduous bonsai plants were Acer palmatum, Zinnia elegans, Ligustrum obtusiflium, Carpinus turcaninowii, and Malus sieboldii. Three plant parasitic nematodes (Hemicyliophora koreana, Rotylenchus blothrotylus and Xiphinema americanum) and three non-parasitic nematodes (Aporclaimellus donghwaens, Egtitus andhricus, and Mesodorylaimus usitatus) were isolated from bonsai. Non-parasitic nematode, Mesodorylaimus usitatus was isolated from all surveyed bonsai trees. Only two species of quarantine nematodes (Hemcylicopora koreana and Xiphinema americanum) were found from bonsai. A. donghwaens and M. usitatus were isolated from root of bonsai tree. However other nematodes were isolated from soil in bonsai trees.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.207-218
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• 1998

A site survey in two apartment complexes and a nursery experiment were carried out in this study to provide basic data of the long-pending growth characteristics of major landscaping trees, such as Picea abies, Pinus parviflora, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, Magnolia denudata, Acer buergerianum and Acer palmatum. According to the main results, the survival rates were very low, reflected by the average survival rate of the four species was 95% at the nursery site. And, it was presumed that the site conditions of two apartment complexes for tree growth were very inferior to those of the nursery site, taking into consideration that the increment percents of growth factors of the tree species at the nursery site were relatively higher than those of the apartment complexes. The distribution patterns of the current growth factors of trees showed a normal distribution. The regression equation of breast diameter on diameter at root collar showed especially high predictability. And, it was thought that the most critical limiting environmental factors on tree growth at the apartment complexes were found to be alkaline pH caused by excessive Ca, high percent base saturation, insufficiency of available moisture content, bad drainage due to inferior soil texture, high soil hardness, lack of organic matter and shortage of cation exchange capacity in soil.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.337-344
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• 1998

To select tolerant species among the Korean major woody plants for restoring disturbed ecosystems by air and soil pollution, we transplanted the seedlings of 56 species in control and polluted sites within Yeocheon industrial complex area, and compared their aboveground growth characteristics such as total branch length, total leaf weight, and maximum photozynthetic rate. Tolerant species growting better in polluted site than in control site was Quercus variabilis, Pinus thunbergii, Q. aliena, P. densiflora, Styrax japonica, Alnus firma, Celtis sinensis, Elaeagnus umbellata, Q. serrata, japonica, Sorbus alnifolia, and Q. acutissimia in local tree occuring within polluted area group (80%), Ailanthus altissima in street tree group (20%), Populus tomentiglandulosa and A. hirsuta var. sibirica in fast growing tree group (50%), Acer ginala and Abies holophylla in late successional tree group (20%), Betulla platyphylla var. japonica, Acer truncatum, A. palmatum, Syringa dilatata, and Rosa multifora in garden tree group (38%), and Q. rubura, and Robinia pseudoacacia in foreign restoring tree group (20%), respectively. The remaining plant species, 37 species (57% of total species), were classified into sensitive species to pollution. Those tolerant species can be utilized for restoration of the degraded ecosystem in this polluted area.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.99-112
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• 2013

This study aims to show the changes of characteristics of vegetation structure for 20 years(1991~2010) in Naejangsan National Park. As a result of analysis of actual vegetation, the mixed community of Quercus variabilis and Quercus serrata was distributed with 56.1%, and Q. variabilis community showed in southern steep slope with 17.6%. Pinus densiflora community(5.8%) was observed on the ridge and Carpinu tschonoskii community distributed in the slope of the valley with 6.6%. Zelkova serrata and Prunus sargentii community were distributed in valley. The classification by TWINSPAN, ordination by DCA considering importance percentage and property of vegetation class were divided into 4 communities, which are community I(P. densiflora-Q. variabilis community), community II(Q. variabilis community), community III(C. tschonoskii community) and community IV(Mixed deciduous broad-leaved trees community). The age of Pinus densiflora was 32years old and Q. serrata was 36 years old in the community I, that of Q. variabilis was 64 years old in the community II, Q. serrata was 46 years old and C. tschonoskii was 45 years old in the community III, and Acer palmatum was 54 years old and Cornus controversa was 47 years old in the community IV. As the result of Shannon's index of species diversity, the community Iwas ranged from 0.9751 to 1.4199, community II was ranged from 1.0765 to 1.3278, community III was ranged from 1.0353 to 1.2881, and community IV was ranged from 1.1412 to 1.3807. The change of vegetation structure analyzed through the comparison with results of studies carried out 20 years ago were natural selection of P. densiflora, expansion of Quercus spp. and increase of C. tschonoskii. Especially, A. palmatum is dominated by Q. variabilis in canopy layer like the result of study 20 years ago. A. palmatum was analysed by 14.6% in the canopy layer of only mixed deciduous broad-leaved trees community. As a result of analysis of habitat property of Q. variabilis and A. palmatum, Q. variabilis was distributed in dry area with the low value of pH, O.M., exchangeable cations and Avail. P, and A. palmatum was located in the wet valley with huge value of nourishment. The tendency of reduction of bio-diversity by Sasa borealis is same as previous study but, the distributed areas were reduced in Naejangsan area.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.57 no.3
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• pp.151-160
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• 2018

Anoplophora chinensis and A. glabripennis is classified as important quarantine Cerambycidae beetles worldwide. These beetles cause serious damage on natural host plants and export bonsai trees in Korea. We evaluated efficacy of phosphine fumigant for control of two Cerambycidae beetles in bonsai. In the preliminary test to achieve CT (Concentration x time) values of phosphine to Cerambyicdae beetles larvae, we used Monochamus alternatus of larvae as an alternative insect. A 24 h phosphine fumigation with $2g/m^3$ phophine achieved 100% eggs mortality against Anoplophora chinensis and A. glabripennis. Larva of A. chinensis was also completely controlled when treated for 168-h at same dose desiccator. 100% mortality on larval stage of two beetle species were achieved both in dormancy (January) and vegetative period (February) of bonsai when treated with $2g/m^3$ phosphine. However, phosphine fumigation against vegetative period of Acer palmatum, Carpinus turczaninowii and Malus sieboldii bonsai showed slight phytotoxicity (shorten leaf and flower size and delayed flowering).

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.77 no.2
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• pp.223-228
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• 1988

To select $SO_2$-resistant tree species, leaf disks of 6mm in diameter, cut from the leaves of 6 species (Wistaria floribunda, Magnolia obovata, Rosa multiflora, Liriodendron tulipifera, Robinia pseudo-acacia and Acer palmatum) were floated on 25ml of testing medium and placed on laboratory under fluorescent lamp (1,500 Lux) for 20 hours. Chlorophyll content and acidity of the testing medium were measured. Testing medium was prepared by diluting $H_2SO_4$, $H_2SO_3$ and $Na_2SO_4$ with distilled water for various stoichiometric $SO_2$ concentrations, 0, 25, 50, 100 and 250 ppm. Total chlorophyll content was more decreased after treatment than before treatment, and was decreased more severely in $H_2SO_3$ sources, followed by $H_2SO_4$ and $Na_2SO_4$, sources. Decreasing rate of total chlorophyll content was generally large in Acer palmatum. Magnolia obovata and Wistaria floribunda, and was relatively small in Rosa multiflora, Liriodendron tulipifera and Robinia pseudo-acacia. Decreasing rate of chlorophyll content may be useful index for judging susceptifility of the leaf to $SO_2$. The acidity of the testing medium was generally decreased after treatment, and it means that cell leakage was occurred during treatment. The differences in medium acidity between before and after treatment may be poot index for susceptibility of the leaf to $SO_2$ owing to the difference among tree species in development of leaf mesophyll, acidity maintaining mechanism and butter capacity of the leaf tissue.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.441-453
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• 2015

In this paper, according to the illuminance at night with artificial lighting in downtown Seoul, trees flowering and leaf growth rate was performed as a case study to examine whether there is a difference. The illuminance was measured at 78 points on a total of 26 points, the range of illuminance were divided into three groups considering land use, Group A (plots 1-7) were 4.90 ~ 112.50 lx, Group B (plots 8 to 18) were 0.45 ~ 42.40 lx, group C (plots 19 to 26) were 0.28 ~ 22.10 lx. According to the One-way ANOVA on illuminance difference, the survey groups were classified into three groups. To survey the ratio of the flowering Prunus yedoensis and Rhododendron spp. and to survey the ratio of leaf growth Zelkova serrata, Ginkgo biloba, and Acer palmatum each 30 individuals were investigated. Rhododendron spp. to study the ratio of the flowering and Acer palmatum to study the ratio of leaf growth were determined to be useful as indicator woody species according to the correlation. The higher illuminance of night lighting is, the faster flowering and leaf growth of trees will be by correlation between the mean illuminance of each group and the flowering and leaf growth of trees. In the future, should be made a more detailed study of how much affect to the trees with some impact on the level of light pollution at night lighting.