• Title/Summary/Keyword: Accuracy Analysis

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Error Analysis of Image Velocimetry According to the Variation of the Interrogation Area (상관영역 크기 변화에 따른 영상유속계의 오차 분석)

  • Kim, Seojun;Yu, Kwonkyu;Yoon, Byungman
    • Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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    • v.46 no.8
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    • pp.821-831
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    • 2013
  • Recently image velocimetries, including particle image velocimetry (PIV) and surface image velocimetry (SIV), are often used to measure flow velocities in laboratories and rivers. The most difficult point in using image velocimetries may be how to determine the sizes of the interrogation areas and the measurement uncertainties. Especially, it is a little hard for unskilled users to use these instruments, since any standardized measuring techniques or measurement uncertainties are not well evaluated. Sometimes the user's skill and understanding on the instruments may make a wide gap between velocity measurement results. The present study aims to evaluate image velocimetry's uncertainties due to the changes in the sizes of interrogation areas and searching areas with the error analyses. For the purpose, we generated 12 series of artificial images with known velocity fields and various numbers and sizes of particles. The analysis results showed that the accuracy of velocity measurements of the image velocimetry was significantly affected by the change of the size of interrogation area. Generally speaking, the error was reduced as the size of interrogation areas became small. For the same sizes of interrogation areas, the larger particle sizes and the larger number of particles resulted smaller errors. Especially, the errors of the image velocimetries were more affected by the number of particles rather than the sizes of them. As the sizes of interrogation areas were increased, the differences between the maximum and the minimum errors seemed to be reduced. For the size of the interrogation area whose average errors were less than 5%, the differences between the maximum and the minimum errors seemed a little large. For the case, in other words, the uncertainty of the velocity measurements of the image velocimetry was large. In the viewpoint of the particle density, the size of the interrogation area was small for large particle density cases. For the cases of large number of particle and small particle density, however, the minimum size of interrogation area became smaller.

Crime Incident Prediction Model based on Bayesian Probability (베이지안 확률 기반 범죄위험지역 예측 모델 개발)

  • HEO, Sun-Young;KIM, Ju-Young;MOON, Tae-Heon
    • Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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    • v.20 no.4
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    • pp.89-101
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    • 2017
  • Crime occurs differently based on not only place locations and building uses but also the characteristics of the people who use the place and the spatial structures of the buildings and locations. Therefore, if spatial big data, which contain spatial and regional properties, can be utilized, proper crime prevention measures can be enacted. Recently, with the advent of big data and the revolutionary intelligent information era, predictive policing has emerged as a new paradigm for police activities. Based on 7420 actual crime incidents occurring over three years in a typical provincial city, "J city," this study identified the areas in which crimes occurred and predicted risky areas. Spatial regression analysis was performed using spatial big data about only physical and environmental variables. Based on the results, using the street width, average number of building floors, building coverage ratio, the type of use of the first floor (Type II neighborhood living facility, commercial facility, pleasure use, or residential use), this study established a Crime Incident Prediction Model (CIPM) based on Bayesian probability theory. As a result, it was found that the model was suitable for crime prediction because the overlap analysis with the actual crime areas and the receiver operating characteristic curve (Roc curve), which evaluated the accuracy of the model, showed an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.8. It was also found that a block where the commercial and entertainment facilities were concentrated, a block where the number of building floors is high, and a block where the commercial, entertainment, residential facilities are mixed are high-risk areas. This study provides a meaningful step forward to the development of a crime prediction model, unlike previous studies that explored the spatial distribution of crime and the factors influencing crime occurrence.

STANDARDIZATION OF WORD/NONWORD READING TEST AND LETTER-SYMBOL DISCRIMINATION TASK FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF DEVELOPMENTAL READING DISABILITY (발달성 읽기 장애 진단을 위한 단어/비단어 읽기 검사와 글자기호감별검사의 표준화 연구)

  • Cho, Soo-Churl;Lee, Jung-Bun;Chungh, Dong-Seon;Shin, Sung-Woong
    • Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.81-94
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    • 2003
  • Objectives:Developmental reading disorder is a condition which manifests significant developmenttal delay in reading ability or persistent errors. About 3-7% of school-age children have this condition. The purpose of the present study was to validate the diagnostic values of Word/Nonword Reading Test and Letter-Symbol Discrimination Task for the purpose of overcoming the caveats of Basic Learning Skills Test. Methods:Sixty-three reading-disordered patients(mean age 10.48 years old) and sex, age-matched 77 normal children(mean age 10.33 years old) were selected by clinical evaluation and DSM-IV criteria. Reading I and II of Basic Learning Skills Test, Word/Nonword Reading Test, and Letter-Symbol Discrimination Task were carried out to them. Word/Nonword Reading Test:One hundred usual highfrequency words and one hundred meaningless nonwords were presented to the subjects within 1.2 and 2.4 seconds, respectively. Through these results, automatized phonological processing ability and conscious letter-sound matching ability were estimated. Letter-Symbol Discrimination Task:mirror image letters which reading-disordered patients are apt to confuse were used. Reliability, concurrent validity, construct validity, and discriminant validity tests were conducted. Results:Word/Nonword Reading Test:the reliability(alpha) was 0.96, and concurrent validity with Basic Learning Skills test was 0.94. The patients with developmental reading disorders differed significantly from normal children in Word/Nonword Reading Test performances. Through discriminant analysis, 83.0% of original cases were correctly classified by this test. Letter-Symbol Discrimination Task:the reliability(alpha) was 0.86, and concurrent validity with Basic Learning Skills test was 0.86. There were significant differences in scores between the patients and normal children. Factor analysis revealed that this test were composed of saccadic mirror image processing, global accuracy, mirror image processing deficit, static image processing, global vigilance deficit, and inattention-impulsivity factors. By discriminant analysis, 87.3% of the patients and normal children were correctly classified. Conclusion:The patients with developmental reading disorders had deficits in automatized visuallexical route, morpheme-phoneme conversion mechanism, and visual information processing. These deficits were reliably and validly evaluated by Word/Nonword Reading Test and Letter-Symbol Discrimination Task.

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Improving Performance of Recommendation Systems Using Topic Modeling (사용자 관심 이슈 분석을 통한 추천시스템 성능 향상 방안)

  • Choi, Seongi;Hyun, Yoonjin;Kim, Namgyu
    • Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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    • v.21 no.3
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    • pp.101-116
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    • 2015
  • Recently, due to the development of smart devices and social media, vast amounts of information with the various forms were accumulated. Particularly, considerable research efforts are being directed towards analyzing unstructured big data to resolve various social problems. Accordingly, focus of data-driven decision-making is being moved from structured data analysis to unstructured one. Also, in the field of recommendation system, which is the typical area of data-driven decision-making, the need of using unstructured data has been steadily increased to improve system performance. Approaches to improve the performance of recommendation systems can be found in two aspects- improving algorithms and acquiring useful data with high quality. Traditionally, most efforts to improve the performance of recommendation system were made by the former approach, while the latter approach has not attracted much attention relatively. In this sense, efforts to utilize unstructured data from variable sources are very timely and necessary. Particularly, as the interests of users are directly connected with their needs, identifying the interests of the user through unstructured big data analysis can be a crew for improving performance of recommendation systems. In this sense, this study proposes the methodology of improving recommendation system by measuring interests of the user. Specially, this study proposes the method to quantify interests of the user by analyzing user's internet usage patterns, and to predict user's repurchase based upon the discovered preferences. There are two important modules in this study. The first module predicts repurchase probability of each category through analyzing users' purchase history. We include the first module to our research scope for comparing the accuracy of traditional purchase-based prediction model to our new model presented in the second module. This procedure extracts purchase history of users. The core part of our methodology is in the second module. This module extracts users' interests by analyzing news articles the users have read. The second module constructs a correspondence matrix between topics and news articles by performing topic modeling on real world news articles. And then, the module analyzes users' news access patterns and then constructs a correspondence matrix between articles and users. After that, by merging the results of the previous processes in the second module, we can obtain a correspondence matrix between users and topics. This matrix describes users' interests in a structured manner. Finally, by using the matrix, the second module builds a model for predicting repurchase probability of each category. In this paper, we also provide experimental results of our performance evaluation. The outline of data used our experiments is as follows. We acquired web transaction data of 5,000 panels from a company that is specialized to analyzing ranks of internet sites. At first we extracted 15,000 URLs of news articles published from July 2012 to June 2013 from the original data and we crawled main contents of the news articles. After that we selected 2,615 users who have read at least one of the extracted news articles. Among the 2,615 users, we discovered that the number of target users who purchase at least one items from our target shopping mall 'G' is 359. In the experiments, we analyzed purchase history and news access records of the 359 internet users. From the performance evaluation, we found that our prediction model using both users' interests and purchase history outperforms a prediction model using only users' purchase history from a view point of misclassification ratio. In detail, our model outperformed the traditional one in appliance, beauty, computer, culture, digital, fashion, and sports categories when artificial neural network based models were used. Similarly, our model outperformed the traditional one in beauty, computer, digital, fashion, food, and furniture categories when decision tree based models were used although the improvement is very small.

Estimation of Precipitable Water from the GMS-5 Split Window Data (GMS-5 Split Window 자료를 이용한 가강수량 산출)

  • 손승희;정효상;김금란;이정환
    • Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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    • v.14 no.1
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    • pp.53-68
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    • 1998
  • Observation of hydrometeors' behavior in the atmosphere is important to understand weather and climate. By conventional observations, we can get the distribution of water vapor at limited number of points on the earth. In this study, the precipitable water has been estimated from the split window channel data on GMS-5 based upon the technique developed by Chesters et al.(1983). To retrieve the precipitable water, water vapor absorption parameter depending on filter function of sensor has been derived using the regression analysis between the split window channel data and the radiosonde data observed at Osan, Pohang, Kwangiu and Cheju staions for 4 months. The air temperature of 700 hPa from the Global Spectral Model of Korea Meteorological Administration (GSM/KMA) has been used as mean air temperature for single layer radiation model. The retrieved precipitable water for the period from August 1996 through December 1996 are compared to radiosonde data. It is shown that the root mean square differences between radiosonde observations and the GMS-5 retrievals range from 0.65 g/$cm^2$ to 1.09 g/$cm^2$ with correlation coefficient of 0.46 on hourly basis. The monthly distribution of precipitable water from GMS-5 shows almost good representation in large scale. Precipitable water is produced 4 times a day at Korea Meteorological Administration in the form of grid point data with 0.5 degree lat./lon. resolution. The data can be used in the objective analysis for numerical weather prediction and to increase the accuracy of humidity analysis especially under clear sky condition. And also, the data is a useful complement to existing data set for climatological research. But it is necessary to get higher correlation between radiosonde observations and the GMS-5 retrievals for operational applications.

A Study on the Optimal Image Acquisition Time of 18F- Flutemetamol using List Mode (LIST mode를 이용한 18F-Flutemetamol 의 최적 영상획득 시간에 관한 연구)

  • Ryu, Chan-Ju
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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    • v.15 no.6
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    • pp.891-897
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    • 2021
  • With the development of Amyloid PET Tracer, the accuracy of Alzheimer's diagnosis can be improved through the identification of beta-amyloid neurites. However, the long image acquisition time of 20 minutes can be difficult for the patient. PET/CT scans are sensitive to patient movement and may partially affect test results. In this study, we studied the proper image acquisition time without affecting the quantitative evaluation of the image through the list mode acquisition method according to the time of the distribution of radioactive drugs in the body. The list mode includes information about time compared to the existing frame mode, and it is easy to analyze data because it can reconstruct images about the time that researchers want. The research method obtained a reconstructed image by time using a list mode of 5min frame/bed, 10min frame/bed, 15min frame/bed, and 20min frame/bed to compare the difference between signal-to-pons take ratio (SNR) and lesion-to-pons uptake ratio (LPR) and the difference in reading time to obtain an appropriate image. As a result of quantitative analysis, when measuring in list mode, SUVmean values decreased in 6 regions of interest as the image acquisition time increased, but showed the largest difference in 5 min/bed images, followed by 10 min/bed and 15 min/bed. As a result, the difference in SUVmean values decreased. Therefore, it was found that SUVmean values at 15 min/bed did not differ enough to not affect image evaluation. There was no difference in LPR values. As a result of the qualitative analysis, there was no change in the reading findings according to the PET image acquisition time and there was no significant difference in the qualitative analysis score of the image reconstruction according to time. As a result of the study, there is no significant difference between 15 min/bed and 20 min/bed images during the 18F-flutemetamol PET/CT test, so it can be said that it is clinically useful to reduce the image acquisition time selectively using 15 min/bed via list mode depending on the patient's condition.

A Study for Planning Optimal Location of Solar Photovoltaic Facilities using GIS (GIS를 이용한 태양광시설 설치를 위한 적정지역 선정에 관한 연구)

  • Yun, Sung-Wook;Paek, Yee;Jang, Jae-Kyung;Choi, Duk-Kyu;Kang, Donghyeon;Son, Jinkwan;Park, Min-Jung;Kang, Suk-Won;Gwon, Jin-Kyung
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.28 no.3
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    • pp.243-254
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    • 2019
  • With the recent accelerated policy-making and interests in new renewable energy, plans to develop and supply the new renewable energy have been devised across multiple regions in Korea. Solar energy, in particular, is being applied to small-scale power supply in provincial areas, as solar cells are used to convert solar energy into electric energy to produce electric power. Nonetheless, in the case of solar power plants, the need for a large stretch of land and considerable sum of financial support implies that the planning step should take into consideration the most suitable meteorological and geographical factors. In this study, the proxy variables of meteorological and geographical factors associated with solar energy were considered in analyzing the vulnerable areas regarding the photovoltaic power generation facility across the nation. GIS was used in the spatial analysis to develop a map for assessing the optimal location for photovoltaic power generation facility. The final vulnerability map developed in this study did not reveal any areas that exhibit vulnerability level 5 (very high) or 1 (very low). Jeollanam-do showed the largest value of vulnerability level 4 (high), while a large value of vulnerability level 3 (moderate) was shown by several administrative districts including Gwangju metropolitan city, Jeollabuk-do, Chungcheongbuk-do, and Gangwon-do. A value of vulnerability level 2 (low) was shown by the metropolitan cities including Daegu, Ulsan, and Incheon. When the 30 currently operating solar power plants were compared and reviewed, most were found to be in an area of vulnerability level 2 or 3, indicating that the locations were relatively suitable for solar energy. However, the limited data quantity for solar power plants, which is the limitation of this study, prevents the accuracy of the findings to be clearly established. Nevertheless, the significance of this study lies in that an attempt has been made to assess the vulnerability map for photovoltaic power generation facility targeting various regions across the nation, through the use of the GIS-based spatial analysis technique that takes into account the diverse meteorological and geographical factors. Furthermore, by presenting the data obtained for all regions across the nation, the findings of this study are likely to prove useful as the basic data in fields related to the photovoltaic power generation.

Effect of abutment superimposition process of dental model scanner on final virtual model (치과용 모형 스캐너의 지대치 중첩 과정이 최종 가상 모형에 미치는 영향)

  • Yu, Beom-Young;Son, Keunbada;Lee, Kyu-Bok
    • The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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    • v.57 no.3
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    • pp.203-210
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    • 2019
  • Purpose: The purpose of this study was to verify the effect of the abutment superimposition process on the final virtual model in the scanning process of single and 3-units bridge model using a dental model scanner. Materials and methods: A gypsum model for single and 3-unit bridges was manufactured for evaluating. And working casts with removable dies were made using Pindex system. A dental model scanner (3Shape E1 scanner) was used to obtain CAD reference model (CRM) and CAD test model (CTM). The CRM was scanned without removing after dividing the abutments in the working cast. Then, CTM was scanned with separated from the divided abutments and superimposed on the CRM (n=20). Finally, three-dimensional analysis software (Geomagic control X) was used to analyze the root mean square (RMS) and Mann-Whitney U test was used for statistical analysis (${\alpha}=.05$). Results: The RMS mean abutment for single full crown preparation was $10.93{\mu}m$ and the RMS average abutment for 3 unit bridge preparation was $6.9{\mu}m$. The RMS mean of the two groups showed statistically significant differences (P<.001). In addition, errors of positive and negative of two groups averaged $9.83{\mu}m$, $-6.79{\mu}m$ and 3-units bridge abutment $6.22{\mu}m$, $-3.3{\mu}m$, respectively. The mean values of the errors of positive and negative of two groups were all statistically significantly lower in 3-unit bridge abutments (P<.001). Conclusion: Although the number of abutments increased during the scan process of the working cast with removable dies, the error due to the superimposition of abutments did not increase. There was also a significantly higher error in single abutments, but within the range of clinically acceptable scan accuracy.

Simultaneous Multicomponent Analysis of Preservatives in Cosmetics by Gas Chromatography (GC를 이용한 화장품 살균·보존제의 다성분 동시분석법)

  • Cho, Sang Hun;Jung, Hong Rae;Kim, Young Sug;Kim, Yang Hee;Park, Eun Mi;Shin, Sang Woon;Eum, Kyoung Suk;Hong, Se Ra;Kang, Hyo Jeong;Yoon, Mi Hye
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.45 no.1
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    • pp.69-75
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    • 2019
  • Preservatives of cosmetics is managed by positive list in Korea. Positive list requires a proper quantitative analysis method, but the analysis method is still insufficient. In this study, gas chromatography with flame ionization detector was used to simultaneously analyze 14 preservatives in cosmetics. As a result of method validation, the specificity was confirmed by the calibration curves of 14 preservatives showing good linearity correlation coefficient of above 0.9997 except dehydroacetic acid (0.9891). The limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) of 14 preservatives were 0.0001 mg/mL ~ 0.0039 mg/mL and 0.0003 mg/mL ~ 0.0118 mg/mL, respectively, but they were 0.0204 mg/mL, 0.0617 mg/mL for dehydroacetic acid, respectively. The precision (Repeatability) of the values was less than 1.0%, but 7.1% for dehydroacetic acid. The Accuracy (% recovery) of 14 preservatives in cosmetics showed 96.9% ~ 109.2%. Finally, this method was applied to 50 cosmetics available in market. Results showed that the commonly used preservatives were chlorophene, phenoxyethanol, benzyl alcohol and parabens. However, the amount of the detected preservatives was within maximum allowed limits established by KFDA.

Prediction of Maximal Oxygen Uptake Ages 18~34 Years (18~34 남성의 최대산소 섭취량 추정)

  • Jeon, Yoo-Joung;Im, Jae-Hyeng;Lee, Byung-Kun;Kim, Chang-Hwan;Kim, Byeong-Wan
    • 한국체육학회지인문사회과학편
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    • v.51 no.3
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    • pp.373-382
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    • 2012
  • The purpose of this study is to predict VO2max with body index and submaximal metabolic responses. The subjects are consisted of 250 male aging from 18 to 34 and we separated them into two groups randomly; 179 for a sample, 71 for a cross-validation group. They went through maximal exercise testing with Bruce protocol, and we measured the metabolic responses in the end of the first(3 minute) and second stage(6 minute). To predict VO2max, we applied multiple regression analysis to the sample with stepwise method. Model 1's variables are weight, 6 minute HR and 6 minute VO2(R=0.64, SEE=4.74, CV=11.7%, p<.01), and the equation is VO2max(ml/kg/min)= 72.256-0.340(Weight)-0.220(6minHR)+0.013(6minVO2). Model 2's variables are weight, 6 minute HR, 6 minute VO2, and 6 minute VCO2(R=0.67, SEE=4.59, CV=11.3%, p<.01), and the equation is VO2max(ml/kg/min)= 68.699-0.277(Weight) -0.206(6minHR)+0.020(6minVO2)-0.009(6minVCO2). And the result did not show multicolinearity for both models. Model 2 demonstrated more correlation compared to Model 1. However, when we conducted cross-validation of those models with 71 men, measured VO2max and estimated VO2 Max had statistical significance with correlation (R=0.53, 0.56, P<.01). Although both models are functional with validity considering their simplicity and utility, Model 2 has more accuracy.