• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.488-496
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• 2020

This study was based on nitrate chemical accidents at home and abroad. Toxic gases due to adverse reactions are generated in the workplace, laboratory, hospital, container damage, and chemical misinjection. Through a case review of possible situations and safety, this study analyzed various cases of accidents, accident status, accident type, cause of the accident, location of the accidents, etc. from 2014 to 2018. The plans for improvement in education and nitrate accidents were reviewed. As a result, 36 nitrate chemical accidents were investigated, including 16 careless worker accidents, eight transportation accidents, and 12 facilities shortages. Nitrate chemical accidents are occurring continuously. Based on this, the range of toxic effects using CARIS was calculated at the worst-case scenario, and the effective response range was measured through the damage impact range. For this purpose, the impact range was predicted based on the strengthening of safety education, emergency action plan and correlation, and the quantified data was identified. In addition, the reliability of the scope of impact was reviewed based on the correlation formula that could facilitate the evacuation of residents, and it was applied to actual accident scenarios of the workplace to present the effects of the accident response and preventive measures.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.14 no.3
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• pp.360-366
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• 2018

Purpose: This study operation of Joint inter-agency Chemical Emergency Preparedness Center and contribute to the reduction of chemical accidents that occur continuously. Method: The Joint inter-agency Chemical Emergency Preparedness Center functions and Chemical accident statistics data of the ('13~'17) were utilized. Results: The number of chemical accidents is decreasing from 113 in '15, 78 in '16, 87 in '17(latest five years 469 chemical accidents). The Joint inter-agency Chemical Emergency Preparedness Center is located in the industrial complex that handling a large amount of chemical, and performs functions such as prompt response, probation & investigation, accident prevention training, safety patrol. It is believed that it contributes to the decreasing of chemical accident by local control accident prevention function. Conclusion: Decreasing the safety management according to the Chemicals control act('15.1.1). The Joint inter-agency Chemical Emergency Preparedness Center('14.1 set up manage organization), which is operated as a mission to prepare respond to chemical accidents, plays a role.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.53 no.2
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• pp.141-154
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• 2020

The accidents of toxic chemical spill into rivers are increasing in recent years due to expansion of heavy industries in Korea. In order to respond to the chemical spills, accident response systems have been established for both main rivers and tributary rivers. However, since these accident response system adopted the water quality models imported from the foreign countries, it is difficult to acquire the model parameters and to calibrate and validate the water quality models. Therefore, this study developed a depth-averaged two-dimensional river water quality model to analyze the behavior of hazardous chemicals in rivers and proposed an efficient simulation execution framework by identifying the significant reaction mechanisms considering the characteristics of the toxic chemicals. The depth-averaged two-dimensional river water quality model CTM-2D was upgraded by adding reaction terms representing mechanisms of the adsorption, desorption, and volatilization of toxic chemicals. In order to verify the model, the analytical solution was compared with the numerical solution, and results showed that the error was less than 0.1%. In addition, the model was applied to a virtual scenario which is a water pollution accident at the confluence of the Nakdong River - Kumho River, and model results showed that an efficient simulation could be carried out by activating only significant reactions which were assessed by the sensitivity analysis.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.05a
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• pp.1163-1167
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• 2007

Many railway safety measures are carried out after Daegue subway fire accident. Such as replacement of train interior material, fire extinguish and toxic gas evacuation facilities, exercise on emergency response, setting up of national safety management system, and safety technology research. But these safety measures are not considered by system safety due to lack of risk and hazard information. In order to assess fire risk on system level, we proposed hazard events and causes classification for railway fire accident risk analysis.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2002.10a
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• pp.38-46
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• 2002

This paper evaluates crashworthiness of KHST carbodies under the SNCF accident scenario (collision against a movable rigid mass of 15 tons at 110 kph) and the scenario of train-to-train collision at 30 kph. The numerical results show that the final design of the KHST power-car doesn't have a good response on crashworthiness. So an improved design has been suggested for it. The improved design has shown good performances in the viewpoint of energy absorption and survival space at several numerical simulations, such as the accident collided against a deformable dump truck of 15 tons at 110 kph, the driver's dummy analysis, and the accident of train-to-train collision for the first three units at 30 kph.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.26 no.5
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• pp.54-58
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• 2011

Emergency preparedness plan(EPP) is the systematic management of activities that involve a material degree of risk of loss or other damage to the surroundings(people, property and environment), and the boundary of accident recovery plan(ARP). The main purpose of the program is to provide a safety management system to each facility in order to enable to prevent accident and to control accident immediately. The EPP includes not only typical safety-related documentations such as material safety data sheet(MSDS), standard operation procedure(SOP), emergency response plan(ERP). EPP is established basis of the preliminary safety analysis involving risk identification, assessment and prevention plans. The program is also helpful for government or related agencies to control a number of accidents in small-scale companies in the whole country.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.69-77
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• 2009

This paper reports the aging driver traffic accident severity modeling results. For the modeling, Poisson regression approach is applied using the data set obtained from the Korea Transportation Safety Authority's simulator-based driver aptitude test results. The test items include the estimations of moving objects' speed and stopping distance, drivers' multi-task capability, and kinetic depth perception and so on. The resulting model with the response variable of equivalent property damage only(EPDO) indicated that EPDO is significantly influenced by moving objects' speed estimation and drivers' multi-task capabilities. More interestingly, a comparison with the younger driver model revealed that the degradation of such capabilities may result in severer crashes for older drivers as suggested by the higher estimated parameters for the older driver model.

• Journal of Korean Society of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.231-237
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• 2017

Objectives: This study was conducted to determine firefighters' work-related accident rate and investigate the factors affecting their on-site safety. Methods: We developed a web-based self-reported questionnaire designed to inquire into firefighters' work-related accident experience and the factors (4M; Man, Machine, Media, Management) affecting firefighters' on-site safety. We distributed questionnaires to all members of firefighting organizations in South Korea by e-mail and 9,149 were returned, resulting in a response rate of 23.1%. Results: Fifteen point seven percent of the respondents reported work-related injuries within the past one year, and 35.1% answered that current accident investigation reports are not helpful for preventing the same accident from recurring. Among the 4M factors, the one most affecting firefighters' on-site safety in the order of priority is the Man factor, followed by Machine, Media, and Management. However, the results from detailed sub-categorical factors showed some differences. 'Lack of human resources', one of the Management factors, was the most influential (70.3%), followed by 'worn-out equipment' under the Machine factor (67.2%). The viewpoint of elements of the Man factor including 'forgetting instructions' and 'fatigue and illness' were significantly different according to firefighters' rank. The higher the firefighter's rank, the more they answered 'forgetting instructions,' while the opposite was the case for 'fatigue and disease'. Conclusions: The present firefighters' accident investigation report needs to be improved, and the 4M method could prove very useful. In addition, it is necessary to set up a proper firefighters' accident investigation and prevention system.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.403-414
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• 2021

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to provide the effective safety management system to prevent similar chemical accidents through accident investigations. Method: Chemical accident prevention and response management systems at the central and local government levels were reviewed, Also, statistical data of chemical accidents occurred in the last 5 years were analyzed. In particular, Two accidents with high accident risk were analyzed. Result: Chemical accidents that have occurred in the last 5 years were analyzed to occur in the order of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and nitric acid, and concrete safety management improvement measures were derived through investigations of two causes. Conclusion: In this study, we proposed safety management plans in terms of technical and management aspects. The results of this study are expected to be used as effective in preventing and managing chemical accidents.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Safety
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• v.38 no.3
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• pp.43-50
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• 2023

Silicone tetrachloride (SiCl₄) leak accidents cause enormous human and environmental damage because it is highly toxic. Some handling facilities use water curtains to reduce the impact range of SiCl₄. Although the water curtain is known as one of the most efficient technologies for post-release mitigation, its effect on reducing SiCl₄ concentration needs to be investigated scientifically and quantitatively. In this study, three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to investigate the physical and chemical effects of water curtains as a release-mitigation system for SiCl₄. SiCl₄ is released and dispersed five seconds prior to the operation of the water curtain. Once the water curtain works, the SiCl₄ reacts chemically with the water and its concentration decreases rapidly; it reaches an emergency response planning guidelines level 2 (ERPG-2) of 5 parts per million (ppm) at about 570 m. We observed, however, that the physical effect of water curtains on reducing SiCl₄ concentration is insignificant when the chemical effect is eliminated. These results are crucial since they can be a scientific and quantitative basis for the 'technical guidelines for estimating the accident affected range'. In order to protect the public from chemical accidents, more toxic gas mitigation technologies need to be developed.