• Korean Journal of Breeding Science
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.32-41
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• 2011

The objective of this study was to determine the fatty acid composition of newly developed tissues of germinated soybean seeds. Five soybean accessions with varied fatty acid composition were allowed to germinate in sand under greenhouse conditions. Seedlings were picked up after 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12 days of germination and freeze dried. The fatty acid composition of the newly developed tissues was analyzed by gas chromatography. Significant variation in fatty acid composition was observed between accessions, days of germination, and variety ${\times}$ day of germination in whole and the cotyledons. In the case of newly developed five tissues, significant variation in fatty acid composition were observed between days of germination except oleic acid for root, hypocotyl and epicotyl stem and except stearic acid for hypocotyl and unifoliate leaves while all the parameters were significantly different for accession. Significant interactions of accession and days of germination were observed for palmitic, linoleic and linolenic acid in all tissues; only for oleic acid in hypocotyl, epicotyl and unifoliate leaves; and only for stearic acid in root, hypocotyl, epicotyl and unifoliate leaves. During germination, the fatty acid composition of newly developed tissues changed dramatically but whole seedlings and cotyledons changed slightly. These tissues contained five major fatty acids as found in original seeds, but compositions were totally different from that of the seed: higher in palmitic, stearic and linolenic acid and lower in oleic and linoleic acid. New tissues conserved their fatty acid compositions regardless of genotypic variation in the original seeds.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2019.04a
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• pp.107-107
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• 2019

Millets are provided considerable amounts of nutrients and gluten-free cereal products and their rich non-nutritional compounds having proven health benefits, especially phenolic compounds. The aim of present investigation was to determine phenolic composition and antioxidant and SOD activity of three different millet of genetic resources namely, foxtail, proso and finger millet. Phenolic compounds were extracted from dehulled grain of genetic resources using methanol and examined for their total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant activities and superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. The TPC range of hog millet, finger millet and finger millet range from 3.3 to 25.1, 11.1 to 29.0 and 3.8 to 94.3 gallic acid equivalent (GAE)mg/g, respectively. Most of TCP content in dehulled millet grains was distributed from 10 to 20 gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g, but two accessions of finger millet (IT235690 and 235689) were showed over than 90. The antioxidant activities were measured by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity. Finger millet and hog millet showed 26.4% and 26.7% in the mean of DPPH scavenging activity percentage, but foxtail millet was 13%. The finger millet showed the higher value than hog and foxtail millet in superoxide dismutase (SOD)-like activity. Particularly, two accessions of finger millet (IT235690 and 235689) showed the highest phenolic content and antioxidant activities among the used millet genetic resources and will be primary resources for finger millet breeding to develop the appropriate breeding strategies.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.158-164
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• 2019

Molecular characterization of different genotypes reveals accurate information about the degree of genetic diversity that helps to develop a proper breeding program. In this study, a total of 30 EST-based simple sequence repeat (EST-SSR) markers derived from trumpet lily (Lilium longiflorum) were used across 11 native lily species for their genetic relationship. Among these 30 markers, 24 SSR markers that showed polymorphism were used for evaluation of diversity spectrum. The allelic number at per locus ranged from 1 at SSR2 locus to 34 alleles at SSR15 locus, with an average of 11.25 alleles across 24 loci observed. The polymorphic information content, PIC, values ranged from 0.0523 for SSR9 to 0.9919 for SSR2 in all 24 loci with an average of 0.3827. The allelic frequency at every locus ranged from 0.81% at SSR2 locus to 99.6% at SSR14 locus. The pairwise genetic dissimilarity coefficient revealed the highest genetic distance with a value of 81.7% was in between L. dauricum and L. amabile. A relatively closer genetic distance was found between L. lancifolium and L. dauricum, L. maximowiczii and L. concolor, L. maximowiczii and L. distichum (Jeju), L. tsingtauense and L. callosum, L. cernuum and L. distichum (Jeju ecotype), of which dissimilarity coefficient was 50.0%. The molecular fingerprinting based on microsatellite marker could serve boldly to recognize genetically distant accessions and to sort morphologically close as well as duplicate accessions.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.385-394
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• 2020

To elucidate the molecular phylogeny of Neottia japonica, which is a terrestrial orchid distributed in East Asia, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) of nuclear DNA and the matK of chloroplast DNA were used. A total 22 species of 69 accessions for ITS and 21 species of 114 accessions for matK phylogeny were analyzed with the maximum parsimony and Bayesian methods. In addition, we sought to establish a correlation between the distribution, morphology of the auricles and genetic association of N. japonica with phylogenetic data. The phylogenetic results suggest that N. japonica is monophyletic and a sister to N. suzukii in terms of the ITS phylogeny, while it is paraphyletic with N. suzukii in terms of the matK phylogeny. N. japonica and N. suzukii show similar morphologies of the lip and column, they both flower in April, and they are both distributed sympatrically in Taiwan. Therefore, it appears to be clear that N. japonica and N. suzukii are close taxa within Neottia, although there is incongruence between the nrDNA and cpDNA phylogenies of N. japonica. The incongruence between the two datasets may have various causes, meaning that further studies are needed to confirm the evolutionary process of N. japonica. The phylogenetic status of N. kiusiana, which was not included in previous studies, was as a sister to N. nidus-avis. Meanwhile, the ITS and matK phylogenies are unsuitable for identifying genetic associations with the characteristic of auricles. The phylogenetic topologies of Korean, Taiwanese and mainland Chinese individuals suggest that the populations of N. japonica in Korea originated from China's mainland and island areas. The characterization of regional gene differences could provide useful preliminary data for future studies.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.272-286
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• 2022

Black root rot (BRR) caused by Lasiodiplodia theobromae is an alarming disease of mulberry that causes tremendous economic losses to sericulture farmers in India and China. Successful control of this disease can be attained by screening germplasm and identifying resistant sources. Seventy four diseased root samples were collected from farmer's fields belonging to four major mulberry growing states of South India. Based on morpho-cultural and scanning electron microscopy studies, 57 fungal isolates were characterized and identified as L. theobromae. Phylogenetic analysis of concatenated internal transcribed spacer and β-tubulin sequences revealed variation of the representative 20 isolates of L. theobromae. Following the root dip method of inoculation, pathogenicity studies on susceptible mulberry genotypes (Victory-1 and Thailand male) recognized the virulent isolate MRR-142. Accordingly, MRR-142 isolate was used to evaluate resistance on a set of 45 diverse mulberry accessions. In the repeated experiments, the mulberry accession ME-0168 which is an Indonesian origin belonging to Morus latifolia was found to be highly resistant consistently against BRR. Eight accessions (G2, ME-0006, ME-0011, ME-0093, MI-0006, MI-0291, MI-0489, and MI-0501) were found to be resistant. These promising resistant resources may be exploited in mulberry breeding for developing BRR resistant varieties and to develop mapping populations which successively helps in the identification of molecular markers associated with BRR.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.289-289
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• 2022

Waterlogging tolerance of corn is one of the important factor for cultivate in paddy soil condition to increase cultivation area and self-sufficiency of corn in Korea. In order to develop elite waterlogging tolerance corn, the new corn lines bred by crossing wild corn, Teosinte, and cultivated corn inbred lines. Five accessions among the 2 species, Zea mays sub spp. mexicana and Zea mays spp. parviglumis, of 81 Teosinte were selected through the waterlogging treatment. The waterlogging treatments were implemented for 7 days at the seedling(V3) stage. The inbred lines were developed by crossing 5 teosinte accessions and cultivated corn lines and they were estimated waterlogging tolerance. It was screened and analyzed the metabolites extracted from roots of 19KT-32(KS141 × teosinte) that was treated waterlogging. We selected 8 of 180 metabolites like as γ-aminobutyric acid(GABA), putrescine, citrulline, Gly, and Ala that expression was remarkably changed over 2.5-times, 7 metabolites increased and 1 metabolite decreased in waterlogging, respectively. Glutamate decarboxylase(GAD) catalyzing GABA accumulation gene have 10 haplotypes, and exon1 was highly conserved, but identified to 135 SNPs after the first intron. Among the 135 SNPs, the number of transversion mutations (52) surpassed the number of transition mutations (38). Most of metabolites were related to abiotic stress in plant that it regulated to pH, osmotic pressure K⁺/Ca⁺⁺ and ATPase activity. We are analyzing the association using these results for increase breeding efficiency.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.212-212
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• 2022

Soluble starch synthase (SS) IV-2 is one of the starch synthase gene family members and responsible for starch chain elongation interacting with other rice eating and cooking quality controlling genes (e.g., AGPlar and PUL). SSIV-2 is mainly expressed in leaves, especially at grain-filling stage and its alleles can significantly affect rice quality. Here, we investigated the genetic diversity and population structure analyses of SSIV-2 gene by using 374 rice accessions. This rice set was grouped into 320 cultivated bred (subsequently classified into temperate japonica, indica, tropical japonica, aus, aromatic and admixture) and 54 wild rice. Haplotyping of cultivated rice accessions provided a total of 7 haplotypes, and only three haplotypes are functional indicating four substituted SNPs in two exons of chromosome 5: T/A and G/T in exon 4, and C/G and G/A in exon 13. Including the wild, a highest diverse group (0.0041), nucleotide diversity analysis showed temperate japonica (0.0001) had a lowest diversity value indicating the origin information of this gene evolution. Higher and positive Tajima5s D value of indica (1.9755) indicate a selective signature under balancing selection while temperate japonica (-0.9018) was in lowest Tajima's D value due to a recent selective sweep by positive selection. We found the most diverse genetic components of the wild in PCA but shared in some portion with other cultivated groups. Fixation index (F_ST-values) and phylogenetic analysis indicate a closer relationship of the wild with indica (F_ST=0.256) than to its association to both of temperate japonica (F_ST=0.589). Structure analysis shows a clear separation of cultivated subpopulations at every K value, but genetic components were admixed within the wild illustrating the same genetic background with japonica and indica in some proportion.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.303-303
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• 2022

The purpose of this study was to evaluate agronomic characteristics and identify the useful traits to utilize the wheat genetic resources for breeding programs by understanding the phenotypic variation among germplasm through multivariate analysis. In this study, a total of 394 wheat accessions were characterized for 15 agronomic traits using the National Agrobiodiversity Center (NAC) descriptor list, of which 31 accessions from 6 species and 363 unidentified accession (Triticum spp.) available at the NAC, Rural Development Administration (RDA), Korea. Growth characteristics such as leaf width, culm length, spike length, spikelet length, solid stemmed, days to heading, days to maturity, grain-filing period, and also seed characteristics such as width, height, area, perimeter, circle, solidity, and germination percent were studied. Among the 15 agronomic characteristics, the germination percent showed the smallest variation between resources (CV = 0.4%), and the spikelet length (CV = 66.5%) showed the highest variation. A strong positive correlation was found between seed traits such as seed height and seed area (r = 0.90), seed height and seed perimeter (r = 0.87) and seed length and width (r = 0.80). Principal component analysis (PCA) was conducted and the first five principal components comprised 76.7% of the total variance. Among the first five PCs, PCI accounted for 28.5% and PC2 for 20.0%. Wheat resources (394) were classified into four clusters based on cluster analysis, consisting of 215 resources(I), 117 resources(II), 48 resources(III), and 14 resources(IV). Among the clusters, the resources belonging to Cluster III showed the lowest seed width, height, area, and perimeter characteristics compared to other clusters. The wheat resources belonging to cluster IV had small seed width and low germination percent, but took longer to form heads and mature than resources in other clusters. These results will serve as the basis for further genetic diversity studies, and important agronomic characteristics will be used for improving wheat, including developing high-yielding and resistant varieties to biotic and abiotic stresses via breeding programs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2022.10a
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• pp.219-219
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• 2022

Granule-bound starch synthase I (GBSSI), encoded by the waxy gene, is responsible for the accumulation of amylose during the development of starch granules in rice endosperm. Despite many findings on waxy alleles, the genetic diversity and evolutionary studies are still not fully explored regarding their functional effects. Comprehensive evolutionary analyses were performed to investigate the genetic variations and relatedness of the GBSSI gene in 374 rice accessions composed of 54 wild accessions and 320 bred cultivars (temperate japonica, tropical japonica, indica, aus, aromatic, and admixture). GBSS1 coding regions were analyzed from a VCF file retrieved from whole-genome resequencing data, and eight haplotypes were identified in the GBSSI coding region of 320 bred cultivars. The genetic diversity indices revealed the most negative Tajima's D value in the tropical-japonica, followed by the aus and temperate-japonica, while Tajima's D values in indica were positive, indicating balancing selection. Diversity reduction was noticed in temperate japonica (0.0003) compared to the highest one (wild, 0.0044), illustrating their higher genetic differentiation by F_ST-value (0.604). The most positive Tajima's D value was observed in indica (0.5224), indicating the GBSSI gene domestication signature under balancing selection. In contrast, the lowest and negative Tajima's D value was found in tropical japonica (-0.5291), which might have experienced a positive selection and purified due to the excess of rare alleles. Overall, our study offers insights into haplotype diversity and evolutionary fingerprints of GBSSI. It ako provides genomic information to increase the starch content of cooked rice.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2020.08a
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• pp.49-49
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• 2020

Bacterial leaf blight (BLB), caused by X. oryzae pv. oryzae(Xoo), is one of the most destructive diseases of rice due to its high epidemic potential. Understanding BLB resistance at a genetic level is important to further improve the rice breeding that provides one of the best approaches to control BLB disease. In the present investigation, a total of 10,000 accessions of rice germplasm were tested to resistance degree of four Korean isolated races (K1, K2, K3 and K3a) of Xoo by bioassay and a diverse 268 accessions was selected to the genome-wide association study (GWAS) using high quality 34,724 SNPs to identify the associated with resistance loci. LOC_Os04g53160 of chromosome 4 was significantly associated with K1 race resistant. LOC_Os11g46230 and LOC_Os11g47150 of chromosome 11 were highly associated with K2 and K3 races as 23.7 and 27.4 of -log(P) value, but K3a resistant loci was weakly associated at LOC_Os03g55270 of chromosome 3. The results of the GWAS validate known gene of BLB resistant and identified novel loci of R genes that provide useful targets for further investigation to help the breeding system and identified gene and QTL provide valuable sources for further functional characterization.