• Structural Engineering and Mechanics
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• 제76권1호
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• pp.83-99
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• 2020

Shear walls are structural members in buildings that are used extensively in reinforced concrete frame buildings, and almost exclusively in the UK, regardless of whether or not they are actually required. In recent years, the UK construction industry, led by the Concrete Centre, has questioned the need for such structural elements in low to mid-rise reinforced concrete frame buildings. In this context, a typical modern, 5-storey residential building is studied, and its existing shear walls are replaced with columns as used elsewhere in the building. The aim is to investigate the impact of several design variables, including concrete grade, column size, column shape and slab thickness, on the building's structural performance, considering two punching shear limits (V_Ed/V_Rd,c), lateral drift and accelerations, to evaluate its maximum possible height under wind actions without the inclusion of shear walls. To facilitate this study, a numerical model has been developed using the ETABS software. The results demonstrate that the building examined does not require shear walls in the design and has no lateral displacement or acceleration issues. In fact, with further analysis, it is shown that a similar building could be constructed up to 13 and 16 storeys high for 2 and 2.5 punching shear ratios (V_Ed/V_Rd,c), respectively, with adequate serviceability and strength, without the need for shear walls, albeit with thicker columns.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제25권11호
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• pp.1640-1649
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• 2001

The present study investigates the effects of various rib arrangements on heat/mass transfer in the cooling passage of gas turbine blades. A complex flow structure occurs in the cooling passage with rib turbulators which promote heat transfer on the wall. It is important to increase not only the heat transfer rates but also the uniformity of heat transfer in the cooling passage. A numerical computation is performed using a commercial code to calculate the flow structures and experiments are conducted to measure heat/mass transfer coefficients using a naphthalene sublimation technique. A square channel (50 mm $\times$ 50 mm) with rectangular ribs (4 mm $\times$ 5 mm) is used fur the stationary duct test. The experiments focus on the effects of rib arrangements and gap positions in the discrete ribs on the heat/mass transfer on the duct wall. The rib angle of attack is 60°and the rib-to-rib pitch is 32 mm, that is 8 times of the rib height. With the inclined rib angle of attack (60°), the parallel rib arrangements make a pair of counter rotating secondary flows in the cross section, but the cross rib arrangements make a single large secondary flow including a small secondary vortex. These secondary flow patterns affect significantly the heat/mass transfer on the ribbed wall. The heat/mass transfer in the parallel arrangements is 1.5 ∼2 times higher than that in the cross arrangements. However, the shifted rib arrangements change little the heat/mass transfer from the inline rib arrangements. The gap position in the discrete rib affects significantly the heat/mass transfer because a strong flow acceleration occurs locally through the gap.

• 한국항행학회논문지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.522-525
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• 2019

기존 항행안전시설 지상점검의 한계점을 극복하기 위해서 한국공항공사는 항행안전시설 점검용 드론시스템을 개발하였다. 드론시스템을 이용한 항행안전시설 점검은 사용자(항공기) 입장에서 공중 전파신호를 점검할 수 있다 장점이 있다. 또한 드론은 항공기와 비교하여 비행경로가 자유롭고 비행속도의 제어가 용이하기 때문에 공중 전파신호를 보다 면밀히 점검할 수 있다. 최근 공항주변개발의 가속화에 따라 항행안전시설 전파신호의 품질저하에 대한 우려가 고조되고 있다. 이에 따라, 항행안전시설 전파왜곡현상을 분석하기 위해 드론을 활용한 전파환경조사를 진행하였다. 드론의 비행경로별 신호수신 시 항행전파신호가 왜곡되는 구간을 측정·분석하여 반사파가 발생되는 원점을 특정화하였다.

• 한국유체기계학회 논문집
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.27-38
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• 2005

The present study investigated the effect of relative position of the blade on blade surface heat transfer. The experiments were conducted in a low speed wind tunnel with a stationary annular turbine cascade. The test section has a single turbine stage composed of sixteen guide vanes and blades. The chord length of the blade is 150 mm and the mean tip clearance of the blade is $2.5\%$ of the blade chord. The Reynolds number based on blade inlet velocity and chord length is $1.5{\times}105$ and mean turbulence intensity is about $3\%$. To investigate the effect of relative position of blade, the blade at six different positions in a pitch was examined. For the detailed mass transfer measurements, a naphthalene sublimation technique was used. In general, complex heat transfer characteristics are observed on the blade surface due to various flow characteristics, such as a laminar flow separation, relaminarization, flow acceleration, transition to turbulence and tip leakage vortices. The results show that the blade relative position affects those heat transfer characteristics because the distributions of incoming flow velocity and turbulence intensity are changed. Especially, the heat transfer pattern on the near-tip region is significantly affected by the relative position of the blade because the effect of tip leakage vortex is strongly dependent on the blade position. On the pressure side, the effect of blade position is not so significant as on the suction side surface although the position and the size of the separation bubble are changed.

• 한국도로학회논문집
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• 제20권1호
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• pp.9-18
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• 2018

PURPOSES : In this research, the initiation and development of corrugation on a gravel road with certain wheel and boundary conditions were evaluated using a coupled discrete-element method (DEM) with multibody dynamics (MBD). METHODS : In this study, 665,534 particles with a 4-mm diameter were generated and compacted to build a circular roadbed track, with a depth and width of 42 mm and 50 mm, respectively. A single wheel with a 100-mm diameter, 40-mm width, and 0.157-kg mass was considered for the track. The single wheel was set to run slowly on the track with a speed of 2.5 rad/s so that the corrugation was gradually initiated and developed without losing contact between the wheel and the roadbed. Then, the shape of the track surface was monitored, and the movement of the particles in the roadbed was tracked at certain wheel-pass numbers to evaluate the overall corrugation initiation and development mechanism. RESULTS : Two types of corrugation, long wave-length and short wave-length, were observed in the circular track. It seems that the long wave-length corrugation was developed by the longitudinal movement of surface particles in the entire track, while the short wave-length corrugation was developed by shear deformation in a local section. Properties such as particle coefficients, track bulk density, and wheel mass, have significant effects on the initiation and development of long-wave corrugation. CONCLUSIONS : It was concluded that the coupled numerical method applied in this research could be effectively used to simulate the corrugation of a gravel road and to understand the mechanism that initiates and develops corrugation. To derive a comprehensive conclusion for the corrugation development under various conditions, the driver's acceleration and deceleration with various particle gradations and wheel-configuration models should be considered in the simulation.

• 전산구조공학
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.89-99
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• 1994

본 연구는 국도및 고속도로상에 설치되어 있는 철제 오성방호책인 가아드레일의 동력학적 거동분석을 4개의 설계변수, 즉 보와 지주의 단면형상 충돌시의 차량속도, 충돌각도 및 차량중량에 따라 BARRIER VII프로그램을 사용하여 수행하였다. 컴퓨터 모의해석 프로그램인 BARRIER VII은 비교적 정교한 것으로 실제의 실물충돌시험 결과와 근접한 결과를 보여줄 뿐 아니라 경제적인 이유로 차량과 방호책의 상호작용을 해석하는데 실물충동시험 대신에 많이 사용된다. 본 연구의 주된 관심은 구조적 적합성, 탑승자 위험도와 차량의 궤적이라 할 수 있다. 이 목적을 위해 최대처짐 및 최대충격력이 계신되어 안전노변대 설계와 충격완화 효과를 분석하는데 사용된다. 본 연구의 결과로부터 도로상의 대형참사를 예방하기 위해서는 가아드레일의 설계기순을 보다 강화할 필요가 있다고 판단된다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제40권10호
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• pp.1958-1968
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• 2015

사물지능통신(M2M or IoT) 서비스 활성화와 글로벌 업체의 OneM2M 관련 사업에 대한 적극적인 투자 및 가속화는 ICT 시장의 변화를 이끌고 있다. 그러나 다양한 해킹(데이터 노출, 도용, 변조, 삭제 등)의 가능성 때문에 안전한 통신 보안 기술이 중요 요구사항으로 이슈화되고 있다. 본 논문은 M2M 환경의 기존 연구에서 적용된 RSA, DSA 기반의 서명이 아닌 ECC 기반 카멜레온 해쉬(Chameleon Hash) 서명을 적용한다. 성능 분석 결과 효율성은 암 복호화 평균 0.7%, 연산속도는 3%(평균 0.003초) 차이로 비교대상 알고리즘과 동등한 수준으로 우수한 결과를 나타냈고, ECC(Elliptic Curve Cryptography) 기반 카멜레온 해쉬함수 서명의 키 갱신 장점을 이용하여 상호인증과 암호화 구간의 연산 효율성, 확인 가능한 충돌 메시지 특성을 이용하여 통신 구간의 강력한 보안성을 입증하였다.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제34권12호
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• pp.1061-1069
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 미세 간극을 지나는 압축성 내부 유동 문제에 대해 간략화된 축대칭 모형을 제안하였다. 수치 해석과 실험을 통하여 미세 간극에 의해 형성되는 고리 모양의 좁은 단면을 지나서 아음속 유동이 가속되어 발생하는 초킹 현상을 관찰하였다. 질량 유량과 차압 사이의 관계를 구하고, 대응되는 실험 결과와 비교하여 수치 결과의 타당성에 대해 논하였다. 또한 축대칭 압축성 Navier-Stokes 방정식의 수치해석을 통하여 초킹 이후의 초음속 제트 유동장의 형성 및 이의 회절을 가시화하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 자동차 동력계의 밸브 등 많은 응용 분야를 지닌 미세 간극의 축대칭 압축성 유동에 대한 물리적 이해를 확대하였다.

• 한국철도학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국철도학회 2003년도 추계학술대회 논문집(III)
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• pp.236-246
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• 2003

This paper is implemented a control algorithm in order to be stable and minimized to entire train traffic system at delayed case. Signal ing system is described wi th algebraic equations given for train headway, Discrete-event simulation principles are reviewed and a demonstration block signaling model using the technique is implemented. Train congestion at station entrance for short headway operation is demonstrated and the propagation of delays along a platform of trains from any imposed delay to the leading train is also shown. A rail way signaling system is by nature a distributed operation with event triggered at discrete intervals. Although the train kinematic variables of position, velocity, and acceleration are continually changing, the changes are triggered when the trains pass over section boundaries and arrive at signals and route switches. This paper deals with linear-mode1ing, stability and optimal control for the traffic on such metro line of the model is reconstructed in order to adapt the circuits. This paper propose optimal control laws wi th state feedback ensuring the stability of the modeled system for circuits. Simulation results show the benefit to be expected from an efficient traffic control. The main results are summarized as follows: 1. In this paper we develop a linear model describing the traffic for both loop lines, two state space equations have been analyzed. The first one is adapted to the situation where a complete nominal time schedule is available while second one is adapted when only the nominal time interval between trains is known, in both cases we show the unstability of the traffic when the proceeding train is delayed following properties, - They are easily implemented at law cost on existing lines. - They ensure the exponetial stability of loop system. 2. These control laws have been tested on a traffic simulation software taking into the non-linearites and the physical constraints on a metro line. By means of simulation, the efficiency of the proposed optimal control laws are shown.

• 대한기계학회논문집B
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.495-503
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• 2005

Experiments were conducted in a low speed stationary annular cascade to investigate local heat transfer characteristics on the tip and shroud and the effect of inlet Reynolds number on the tip and shroud heat transfer. Detailed mass transfer coefficients on the blade tip and the shroud were obtained using a naphthalene sublimation technique. The turbine test section has a single stage composed of sixteen guide vanes and blades. The chord length and the height of the tested blade are 150 mm and about 125 mm, respectively. The blade has flat tip geometry and the mean tip clearance is about $2.5{\%}$of the blade chord. The inlet flow Reynolds number based on chord length and incoming flow velocity is changed from $1.0{\times}10^{5}\;to\;2.3{\times}10^{5}.$ to investigate the effect of Reynolds number. Flow reattachment after the recirculation near the pressure side edge dominates the heat transfer on the tip surface. Shroud surface has very intricate heat/mass transfer distributions due to complex flow patterns such as acceleration, relaminarization, transition to turbulent flow and tip leakage vortex. Heat/mass transfer coefficient on the blade tip is about 1.7 times as high as that on the shroud or blade surface. Overall averaged heat/mass transfer coefficients on the tip and shroud are proportional to $Re_{c}^{0.65}\;and\;Re_{c}^{0.71},$ respectively.