• The Korea Journal of Herbology
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.21-27
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• 2015

Objectives : In this study, we investigated the biological activities such as anti-obesity using Samwondan ethanol extract (SWD). SWD is a complex with Salicornia herbacea Linnaeus, Saururus chinensis Baill and Houttuynia cordata Thunberg as the main raw material.Methods : The SWD was extracted 80% ethanol. 3T3-L1 preadipocytes were induced adipogenesis by differentiation media with SWD at 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL. Effect of SWD performed using MTT assay, oil red O staining (observation by microscope), and reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Also we measured production of triglyceride (TG), fatty acid, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC).Results : Non-cytotoxicity was in all test group from range of 1 μg/mL to 100 μg/mL on pre-adipocyte. The droplet and production of lipid were decreased significantly by the SWD. And TG was decreased by approximately 89%, 85% and 82%, upon the SWD treatment at concentration of 1 μg/mL, 10 μg/mL, and 100 μg/mL. Moreover, the SWD showed inhibitory effects on the expression of the C/EBP (CCAAT/enhaner binding protein)β, C/EBPα, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptorγgenes in adipocytes. The SWD at 100 μg/mL concentration showed inhibitory effect on fatty acid production by 79%. Also ACC production were decreased dose-dependently.Conclusions : From the results above, we concluded that the SWD indicated significantly anti-obesity effects.

• Journal of Electrochemical Science and Technology
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.139-145
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• 2015

Capacitive deionization (CDI) process is a novel approach for desalination of an aqueous salt solution. In the present study, an activated carbon cloth (ACC) is proposed as effective electrode material. Initially the carbon cloth was activated in 1 M and 8 M HNO₃ for 9 hours at room temperature. The untreated and chemically activated carbon cloth (ACC) electrode materials were subjected to BET surface area measurements in order to get information about their specific surface area, average pore size, total pore volume and micropore area. The above materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) also. The electrochemical studies for the electrodes were done using cyclic voltammetry (CV) in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ medium. From the studies, it was found that resistivity of the activated carbon cloth electrodes (treated in 1 M and 8 M HNO₃) was decreased significantly by the chemical oxidation in nitric acid at room temperature and its capacitance was found to be 90 F/g (1 M HNO₃) and 154 F/g (8 M HNO₃) respectively in 0.1 M Na₂SO₄ solution. The capacitive deionization behavior of a single cell CDI with activated carbon cloth electrodes was also studied and reported in this work.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea CI
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• v.49 no.1
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• pp.1-7
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• 2012

In general, currently developed ECG(electrocardiogram) based biometrics approaches are not suitable for real market applications since they require high cost ECG monitoring device and their measurement methods showed poor usability. In this paper, we developed lead I signal based biometrics system using special purpose ECG measurement hardware. To guarantee signal quality for biometrics from various signal measurement environment in our ordinary life, several filters are applied. In addition, to enhance usability, only two skin on electrodes without reference point are used for measurement. Lead I signals of seventeen candidates are measured from developed hardware and features are extracted. Extracted features are applied to support vector machine (SVM) pattern classifier for biometrics, and the experimental results showed 98.59% of sensitivity (SN) and 97.21% of accuracy (ACC). Compare to conventional ECG biometrics approaches, proposed system showed enhanced usability with low-cost measurement hardware.

• Korean Journal of Biological Psychiatry
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.110-117
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• 2008

Objectives : Posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) has been primarily associated with emotional problems. Recently, however, the impact of PTSD on cognitive processes has interested a growing number of researchers. The current study is aimed at investigating the cognitive aspects of PTSD at both behavioral and neurological levels. Methods : We recruited individuals with PTSD who survived the Daegu subway explosion in 2003 as well as non-PTSD individuals as a control group. To evaluate the inhibitory processes and the neural mechanisms, we had these individuals perform the negative priming task simultaneously with functional MRI scanning. Results : Behaviorally, the negative priming effect was intact in the control group but was not evident in the PTSD group. In the imaging results, only the PTSD group showed the negative priming effect (i.e., increased activation of the negative priming condition as opposed to the neutral condition) in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex, and inferior temporal gyrus. The PTSD group also showed increased activity for the positive priming condition as opposed to the neutral condition in the claustrum. These results confirm and extend the previous findings that the integrity of the ACC is compromised in the trauma survivors due to disrupted white matter tract. Conclusions : The current results suggest that deteriorated performance of the PTSD group may be due to the functional problem as well as the structural abnormalities.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.442-452
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• 2016

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the anti-lipogenic effect and the mechanism of Jungmanbunso-hwan extract (JMBSH) on a cellular model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) caused by palmitate in HepG2 cells.Methods: The JMBSH was prepared, andHepG2 cells were treated with various concentrations of JMBSH in order to perform an MTT assay. The HepG2 cells were cultivated in palmitate-containing media with or without extract of JMBSH. The intracellular lipid content in the HepG2 cells was examined. The effects of JMBSH on sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), fatty acid synthase (FAS), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), and AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation in HepG2 cells were measured.Results: JMBSH did not reduce HepG2 cell viability under 1,000 μg/mL. JMBSH considerably decreased intracellular lipid accumulation caused by palmitate in HepG2 cells. JMBSH repressed expression of SREBP-1c, which mediates the induction of lipogenic genes (ACC, FAS, and SCD-1). JMBSH also activated AMPK, which plays animportant role in the regulation of hepatic lipid metabolism.Conclusions: This study suggested that JMBSH relieves hepatic steatosis by repressing SREBP-1c, which mediates the induction of lipogenic genes. The anti-lipogenic effect of JMBSH may also be related to the activation of AMPK. Therefore, JMBSH could potentially be applied to NAFLD treatment after further clinical studies.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.412-417
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• 2006

This study evaluated the effectiveness of different arsenical sources on inducing fatty liver, on changes in lipid metabolism and on liver function in mule ducks. Sixty twelve-week-old mule ducks were selected and randomly divided into five treatments, including the control group and four different arsenical sources; Roxarsone (300 mg/kg), arsanilic acid, $As_2O_5$ or $As_2O_3$, containing 85.2 mg/kg arsenic were included in the basal diet. The ducks were fed the medicated basal diet for 3 weeks followed by a one-week drug withdrawal. The results showed Roxarsone treatment decreased body weight, feed intake, liver weight and abdominal fat weight (p<0.05), while it increased the relative liver weight (p<0.05) during medication period ($3^{rd}$ week). The $As_2O_5$ treatment decreased abdominal fat weight and relative abdominal fat weight when compared to the control (p<0.05). Only Roxarsone among the treatment groups increased feed intake, liver weight and relative liver weight, while the $As_2O_3$ group showed the lightest liver weight and relative liver weight among treatment groups during the withdrawal period ($4^{th}$ week). The Roxarsone group decreased (p<0.05) NADP-malic dehydrogenase (MDH) and acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) activities and increased (p<0.05) cholesterol concentration during the medication period, and elevated the MDH and ACC activities during the withdrawal period. All four arsenical treatment groups showed lymphocytic infiltration in liver tissue, while the Roxarsone and $As_2O_3$ treatments showed an increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities (p<0.05). During the withdrawal period, arsenical treatments resulted in liver vacuoles. However, the arsenicals differed in effectiveness and mechanisms of inducing fat vacuoles.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.569-575
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• 2018

Objective: This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of chromium picolinate (CrP) on fat deposition, genetic expression and enzymatic activity of lipid metabolism-related enzymes. Methods: Two hundred forty one-day-old Ross broilers were randomly divided into 5 groups with 4 replicates per group and 12 Ross broiler chicks per replicate. The normal control group was fed a basal diet, and the other groups fed the same basal diet supplemented with 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.8 mg/kg CrP respectively. The experiment lasted for 21 days. Results: Added CrP in the basal diet decreased the abdominal fat, had no effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and inter-muscular fat width; 0.2 mg/kg CrP significantly decreased the fatty acid synthase (FAS) enzymatic (p<0.05); acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) enzymatic activity decreased in all CrP groups (p<0.05); hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL) enzymatic activity also decreased, but the change was not significant (p>0.05); 0.4 mg/kg CrP group significantly decreased the lipoprotein lipase (LPL) enzymatic activity. FAS mRNA expression increased in all experimental groups, and the LPL mRNA expression significantly increased in all experimental groups (p<0.05), but not 0.2 mg/kg CrP group. Conclusion: The results indicated that adding CrP in basal diet decreased the abdominal fat percentage, had no effects on subcutaneous fat thickness and inter-muscular fat width, decreased the enzymatic activity of FAS, ACC, LPL and HSL and increased the genetic expression levels of FAS and LPL.

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.163-169
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• 2007

In this paper, we propose a method of trigger pulse generation to capture the image on time by making a synchronization between the x-ray generator and digital x-ray image acquisition system. we designed a wireless trigger pulse generation circuit to make a synchronization between x-ray generator and digital image acquisition system and analysis its performance. When it starts to detect a certain level of x-ray radiation or above from the air, this method starts to generate a ACQ_START signal to indicate the timing for image acquisition starting from digital image acquisition system. Hence, when it starts to detect under certain level of x-ray signal from the air, this method starts to generate a ACC_END signal to indicate the timing for image acquisition stop from digital image acquisition system. Image acquisition is activated only this time between ACQ_START and ACQ_END signal. By doing this wireless detecting of x-ray signal from remote, we can get more accurate timing for capturing the x-ray image and any type of x-ray generator can be connected to digital image acquisition system, regards of wired protocol. This makes easy installation. We could get 3.5 line pair / mm resolution at 20 mAs of x-ray level with resolution chart. This is same or better image comparing to conventional wired result.

• Herbal Formula Science
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.100-107
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• 2016

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to evaluate the anti-lipogenic effect of Sobuncheong-eum on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in free fatty acid induced cellular model. Methods : HepG2 cells were treated with palmitate for 24h to overload intracellular triglyceride (TG) content in the presence or absence of Sobuncheong-eum extract. After palmitate treatment, Intracellular TG content was measured with TG assay kit. Several lipogenesis related markers, including AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1c (SREBP-1c), acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), and fatty acid synthase (FAS), were assessed using Western-blot analyses and RT-PCR. Results : Palmitate markedly increased intracellular TG in HepG2 cells, and which were alleviated by coadministered Sobuncheong-eum extract. Sobuncheong-eum extract activated AMPK, which plays a key role in reducing hepatic lipid accumulation, and reduced lipogenic fators, SREBP-1c, ACC, and FAS. Conclusions : Taken together, it is conceivable that Sobuncheong-eum has an potential to alleviate steatosis, and which may be mediated by activating AMPK at least in part.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.30 no.3
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• pp.323-329
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• 2014

Two cultivars Buram-3-ho (susceptible) and CR-Hagwang (moderate resistant) of kimchi cabbage seedlings showed differential defense responses to anthracnose (Colletotrichum higginsianum), black spot (Alternaria brassicicola) and black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, Xcc) diseases in our previous study. Defense-related hormones salicylic acid (SA), jasmonic acid (JA) and ethylene led to different transcriptional regulation of pathogenesis-related (PR) gene expression in both cultivars. In this study, exogenous application of SA suppressed basal defenses to C. higginsianum in the 1st leaves of the susceptible cultivar and cultivar resistance of the 2nd leaves of the resistant cultivar. SA also enhanced susceptibility of the susceptible cultivar to A. brassicicola. By contrast, SA elevated disease resistance to Xcc in the resistant cultivar, but not in the susceptible cultivar. Methyl jasmonate (MJ) treatment did not affect the disease resistance to C. higginsianum and Xcc in either cultivar, but it compromised the disease resistance to A. brassicicola in the resistant cultivar. Treatment with 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) ethylene precursor did not change resistance of the either cultivar to C. higginsianum and Xcc. Effect of ACC pretreatment on the resistance to A. brassicicola was not distinguished between susceptible and resistant cultivars, because cultivar resistance of the resistant cultivar was lost by prolonged moist dark conditions. Taken together, exogenously applied SA, JA and ethylene altered defense signaling crosstalk to three diseases of anthracnose, black spot and black rot in a cultivar-dependent manner.