• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.65 no.3
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• pp.222-224
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• 2008

Spontaneous pneumomediastinum is defined as a clinical syndrome that's characterized by the presence of air in the mediastinal space, which is not due to an old previous injury or surgery. The condition is caused by a sustained increase in the intraalveolar and intrabronchial pressure with extravasated air dissecting along the perivascular spaces of the mediastinum. This is an uncommon complication of sports activity. The most common symptom is chest pain. This diagnosis should be considered for younger people who present with pleuritic chest pain or dyspnea and a characteristic crackling feel (known as subcutaneous crepitation) when touching of the skin covering the chest wall or neck, and they look otherwise well with normal vital signs. Usually no treatment is required, but the mediastinal air will be absorbed faster if the patient inspires high concentrations of oxygen. We present here a case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum that occurred during a Taekwondo match, along with a review of the relevant literature.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.31-40
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• 1975

A study on public health education curriculums of 14 universities located in Seoul city was carried out from Oct. 15 1974 to Nov. 15 1974. The data were obtained from 11 universities bulletins & 3 universities administration officers. The contentments of public health were obtained by the interview with the teaching professors on the syllabuses. The results were as follows: 1. General Public health topics were taught at 4 universities (28.6%) out of 14 universities & 129 departments (25.3%) out of 509 departments. General public health education were taught at 2 universities (28.6%) out of 7 universities with medical school of the colleges of education 2 collages (18.2%) had the public health education in the curriculums. 2. Academic administration of Public health education by universities 2 hrs for 2 credits were allocated at 2 universities (50%), while 4 hrs for 2 credits at the rest universities (50% ), Pubic health education were taught as an essential general education at 4 universities. Public health education were taught in freshman course at 2 universities in senior course at 2 other universities. Text books on public health education were chosen at 2 universities and at other 2 universities, just references were introduced to students. Contents of public health education. In two universities teaching programs of public health were undertaken & in other two universities no particular leaching programs were undertaken. And contents of tuberculosis, V. D. & communicable disease control Pregnancy & delivery, precaution ok post paestum maternal & child health were taught at 4 universities. Contents of health & college students, alcohol tobacco & coffee, chosen of sports were taught at few university. 3. General public health education instructors: The instructors were consisted of 13 men(81.2%) & 3 women (18.8%) Physicians were 11 (68.8%), nurses 2 (12.5%) & others 3(18.7%) Full time instructors were 7 (43.7%) part time instructors 9 (56.3%) Position & organization instructors belong to ; instructors (75.0%) had the teaching position in universities & research workers & others were 3 (18.8%) & medical practitioner was I(6.2%) 4. Public health & home nursing education by general home economic departments. Home nursing & public health were taught as an compulsory general education program in 10 departments 50.5% & as an alternative major course in 7 departments (35.0%) 2 hrs for 2 credits were allocated at 9 departments (45.0%) while eve. 4hrs for 4credits were 8 departments (40.0%).

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.47-52
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• 2016

Objective: This study surveyed the perceptions of physical therapists on muscle re-education through visual feedback obtained from rehabilitative ultrasound imaging (RUSI). Design: Survey. Methods: For this study, 500 physical therapists who participated in a refresher training held by the Seoul City Association in March 2015 were selected for a questionnaire-based survey. Subjects were randomly selected targets physiotherapists who participated in a refresher training.The questionnaire had 21 items in total. Questions 1 to 15 could be answered by everyone. However, questions 16 to 21 could be answered only by people who used RUSI. Results: The majority of respondents were aged 20 to 30 years. Respondents in their twenties, thirties, forties, and fifties accounted for 32.4%, 40.2%, 21.9%, and 5.6%respectively. Therapists with careers spanning one to 5 years accounted for 27.8%, while those with careers spanning 5 to 10 years and 10 to 15 years accounted for 34.6% and 17.0%, respectively. Those with careers over 20 years accounted for 9.2%. The types of work have not been various including work related to the nervous system (49.0%), the musculoskeletal system (41.5%), sports (0.7%), juvenile physical therapy (4.2%), and others (4.6%). Conclusions: In this study, we examined the perceptions of physical therapists on rehabilitation ultrasound imaging used in muscle re-education. We also examined how to use this technique. Many therapists who participated in the refresher training were found to be unaware of RUSI. In the future, further investigations on RUSI for muscle re-education are required through refresher training or training lectures at the national level.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.12-23
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• 2016

Background: Many studies have explained regional disparities in health by socioeconomic status and healthcare resources, focusing on differences between urban and rural area. However some cities in Korea have the highest cardiovascular mortality, even though they have sufficient healthcare resources. So this study aims to confirm three hypotheses. (1) There are also regional health disparities between cities not only between urban and rural area. (2) It has different regional risk factors affecting cardiovascular mortality whether it is urban or rural area. (3) Besides socioeconomic and healthcare resources factors, there are remnant factors that affect regional cardiovascular mortality such as health behavior and physical environment. Methods: The subject of this study is 227 local authorities (si, gun, and gu). They were categorized into city (gu and si consisting of urban area) and non-city (gun consisting of rural area), and the city group was subdivided into 3 parts to reflect relative different city status: city 1 (Seoul, Gyeonggi cities), city 2 (Gwangyeoksi cities), and city 3 (other cities). We compared their mortalities among four groups by using analysis of variance analysis. And we explored what had contributed to it in whole authorities, city and non-city group by using multiple regression analysis. Results: Cardiovascular mortality is highest in city 2 group, lowest in city 1 group and middle in non-city group. Socioeconomic status and current smoking significantly increase mortality regardless of group. Other than those things, in city, there are some factors associated with cardiovascular mortality: walking practice(-), weight control attempt(-), deficiency of sports facilities(+), and high rate of factory lot(+). In non-city, there are other factors different from those of city: obesity prevalence(+), self-perceiving obesity(-), number of public health institutions(-), and road ratio(-). Conclusion: To reduce cardiovascular mortality and it's regional disparities, we need to consider differentiated approach, respecting regional character and different risk factors. Also, it is crucial to strengthen local government's capacity for practicing community health policy.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.89-101
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• 2017

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) in children and adolescents, their characteristic contributing factors, the characteristic features of symptoms and symptoms, and the response to treatment. Methods: We studied the researches, that were the results of the searches for words such as temporomandibular disorder, TMD, children, adolescents, and juvenile through PubMed and DBpia. Results: According to a study conducted in Busan, the ratio of adolescents increased from 18.3% to 21% in 2008 compared to 2000, and the proportion of boys increased from 38.58% to 45.38%. One of the characteristic contributing factors for adolescents is the macrotrauma such as jaw trauma, vehicle accidents, sports, physical abuse, forceful intubation, and third molar extraction. The second is a microtrauma from parafunctional habit such as bruxism, clenching, hyperextension, wind instrument, and fingernail biting that can cause joint overload, cartilage breakdown, synovial fluid alterations, and other changes within the joint. The diagnosis of TMDs in juvenile adolescents is not significantly different from that of adults. Medical history, clinical examination and radiological examinations are required. Conclusions: In the temporomandibular joint history and assessment, all comprehensive dental history examination is required, including head and neck pain, mandibular dysfunction, previous orofacial trauma, history of present illness with an account of current symptoms. For the treatment and management of temporomandibular arthritis in juvenile adolescents, understanding the characteristics of TMDs in juvenile adolescents and thoroughly analyzing appropriate diagnosis and possible contributing factors through comprehensive history taking & examination, conservative treatment, including fast and active cautions education, will be essential.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.197-200
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• 2020

Objective: The purpose of this study was to develop and investigate the feasibility of a sit-to-stand assistive chair using a pneumatic cylinder. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The sit-to-stand assistive chair was developed to assist the sit-to-stand movement by rising up of the chair by a pneumatic cylinder. After the user is seated on the chair, if the pneumatic cylinder pulls the seat plate when standing up, the spring of the pneumatic cylinder, which has been stretched, assists in rising the rear end of the seat plate so that the user can stand conveniently and comfortably. A feasibility test was performed in 10 heathy adults. The electromyographic muscle activation of the trunk and lower extremity muscles was analyzed, which included the erector spinae, rectus abdominis, quadriceps, tibialis anterior, gastrocnemius when standing up from sitting using the developed chair and standing up without using the developed chair. Results: As a result, the sit-to-stand assistive chair using a pneumatic cylinder was developed. In the feasibility test, the use of the developed chair had a decrease in rectus abdominis, quadriceps, tibialis anterior activation compared to those who did not use the device in the healthy adults. Conclusions: The sit-to-stand assistive chair using a pneumatic cylinder may be helpful to reduce the activation of the rectus abdominis, quadriceps, tibialis anterior muscles when performing a sit-to-stand movement. Through the results, the efficacy of the sit-to-stand assistive chair can be confirmed. In the future, further studies are warranted to investigate for the safety and efficacy of its use in the elderly population or those who are disabled.

• Health Policy and Management
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.54-81
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• 2007

The paradigm of health promotion requests community participation and its active problem-solving. Community is conceptualized as a resource pool to be organized. Such resource is called community capacity. Community participation is a process of capacity building. Community voluntary associations are considered as valuable resource to be used for health promotion. This paper tried to identify the network structure among community voluntary associations and to infer the possibility to make such network of organizations participate in health promotion programs. Two survey data were used for this research: 1) Measurements and Evaluations of Community Capacity on Dobong-gu (N=94) 2) A development plan of health medicine service to be Healthy Gangdong-gu (N=69). The questionnaire included such variables measuring community capacity as leadership, membership, organizational resources, and inter-organizational network, etc. Both regions had the following common characteristics: 1) There were positive correlations between the organization's budget and membership. 2) Organizational types were associated with their founded years. Two regions showed the following differences: Dobong displayed the high density of community organizations, but Gangdong showed the low density. Dobong community organizations were able to be classified into three network clusters such as women & environments, youth & adolescent, and sports organizations. Each cluster of organizations favored the different type of health promotion programs. Gangdong community organizations were less developed, and not possible to be clustered. Depending upon the level of community capacity or community organizations' differentiation, the strategy of community participation could be settle down in different ways. Particularly the health agency had to pay more attention to support the growth of civil organizations.

• Safety and Health at Work
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.199-206
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• 2020

Background: In a wide range of industries, noise-induced hearing loss remains one of the most prevalent occupational problems. This study aimed to assess the noise exposure level and associated factors of hearing loss among textile workers in Yangon Region, Myanmar. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at a Textile mill (Thamine), Yangon Region, from April to December 2018. In total, 226 workers who were randomly selected from 3 weaving sections participated in face-to-face interviews using a structured questionnaire. A digital sound level meter and pure-tone audiometer were used for the assessment of noise exposure level and hearing loss, respectively. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess the associated factors of hearing loss. Results: In total workers, 66.4% were exposed to ≥85 dB(A) of noise exposure, and the prevalence of hearing loss was 25.7%. Age ≥35 years, below high school education, hearing difficulty, tinnitus, hypertension, > 9 years of service duration in a textile mill were positively associated with hearing loss. After adjusting confounding factors, age ≥35 years (adjusted odds ratio = 6.90, 95% confidence interval = 3.45-13.82) and tinnitus (adjusted odds ratio = 2.88, 95% confidence interval = 1.13-7.37) were persistently associated with hearing loss. Conclusion: Providing occupational hazard education and enforcement of occupational safety regulations should be taken to decrease the noise exposure level. The regular audiometry test should be conducted for assessment of hearing threshold shift. The employer needs to implement a hearing conservation program in workplace when noise exposure reaches or exceeds 85 dB(A) for 8 hours.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.559-569
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship among role Perception, coaching behavior and coaching confidence of Judo coaches. Using a convenience sampling method, 196 coaches in judo from registered in Korea Jodo Association. Frequency analysis, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, correlations analysis and structural equation model analysis were executed using IBM SPSS Statistics v21 and IBM SPSS Amos v21. As the results, the following conclusion was derived. First, it was discovered that the Role Perception had influence to the Coaching Behavior. Second, it showed that the Role Perception gave influence to the coaching confidence. Third, it showed that the Coaching Behavior affected the coaching confidence.

• Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.246-254
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• 2016

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to give insights into the impact of carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks on the likely capacity of enamel surface dissolution and the influence of human saliva exposure as a biological protective factor. Materials and Methods: The pH, titratable acidity (TA) to pH 7.0, and buffer capacity (${\beta}$) of common beverages ingested by patients under physical activity were analyzed. Then, we randomly distributed 50 specimens of human enamel into 5 groups. Processed and natural coconut water served as controls for testing three carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks. In all specimens, we measured surface microhardness (Knoop hardness numbers) and enamel loss (profilometry, ${\mu}m$) for baseline and after simulated intake cycling exposure model. We also prepared areas of specimens to be exposed to human saliva overnight prior to the simulated intake cycling exposure. The cycles were performed by alternated immersions in beverages and artificial saliva. ANOVA two-way and Tukey HDS tests were used. Results: The range of pH, TA, and ${\beta}$ were 2.85 - 4.81, 8.33 - 46.66 mM/L and 3.48 - $10.25mM/L{\times}pH$, respectively. The highest capacity of enamel surface dissolution was found for commercially available sports drinks for all variables. Single time human saliva exposure failed to significantly promote protective effect for the acidic attack of beverages. Conclusions: In this study, carbohydrate-electrolyte drinks usually consumed during endurance training may have a greater capacity of dissolution of enamel surface depending on their physicochemical proprieties associated with pH and titratable acidity.