• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.99 no.1
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• pp.9-15
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• 2010

This study was conducted to develop a stand growth model and a stand yield table for Eucalyptus pellita and Acacia mangium plantations in Kalimantan, Indonesia. To develop a stand growth model, Weibull robability density function, a diameter class model, was applied in this study. In the development of stand growth model by site index and stand age, a hierarchy is generally required - estimation, recovery and prediction of the diameter class model. A number of grow equations were also involved in each process to estimate diameter, height, basal area, minimum or maximum diameter. To examine whether the grow equations are adequate for Eucalyptus pellita or Acacia mangium plantations, a fitness index was analyzed for each equation. The results showed that fitness indices were ranged from 65 to 89% for Eucalyptus pellita plantations and from 72 to 95% for Acacia mangium plantations. As being highly adequate for the plantations, a stand yield table was developed based on the resulted growth model, and applied to estimate the stand growth with midium site index for 10-year period. The highest annual stand growth of Eucalyptus pellita plantations was estimated to be 21.25 $m^3$/ha, while that of Acacia mangium plantations was 27.5 $m^3$/ha. In terms of annual stand growth, Acacia mangium plantations appeared to be more beneficial than Eucalyptus pellita plantations. Also, to estimate commercial timber volume available from the plantations, an assumption that a log would be cut by 2.7 m in length and the rest of the log would be cut by 1.5m was involved. The commercial timber volume available from Eucalyptus pellita plantations was 68.0 $m^3$/ha, 33% from the total stand volume, 203.2 $m^3$/ha. Also 96.7 $m^3$/ha of commercial timbers were available from Acacia mangium plantations, which was 42% from the 232.9 $m^3$/ha in total. Presenting a good information about the stand growth in Eucalyptus pellita and Acacia mangium plantations, this study might be useful for whom proceeds or considers an abroad plantation for merchantable timber production or carbon credit in tropical regions.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.271-282
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• 2019

This study was conducted to evaluate physiological activity of Robinia pseudo-acacia leaf and its skin penetration using polymer micelles and skin penetrating peptide. After extraction with Robinia pseudo-acacia using the ethanol and distilled water, various physiological activities were examined. The total concentration of polyphenol compounds was determined to be 47.42 mg/g (ethanol extract), 56.88 mg/g (hydrothermal extract) and DPPH radical scavenging ability at $1,000{\mu}g/mL$ was 44.24% in ethanol extract and it is higher than value(41.50%) in hydrothermal extract. The elastase inhibitory assay showed concentration dependence and elastase inhibition of Robinia pseudo acacia leaf ethanol extract was 54.09%, which was the highest at $500{\mu}g/mL$. In the SOD-like experiments, the concentration-dependent results were showed and the SOD-like activity of the Robinia pseudo-acacia leaf ethanol extract was higher than that of the Robinia pseudo acacia leaf hydrothermal extract at all concentrations. At a concentration of $500{\mu}g/mL$, Robinia pseudo acacia leaf ethanol extract showed the highest SOD-like activity of 76.41%. The tyrosinase inhibition at $20{\mu}g/mL$ was determined to be 56.47% (ethanol extract), 23.05% (hydrothermal extract). In the antimicrobial experiments, the hydrothermal extract had no effect, but ethanol extract represented maximum clear zone of 11.00 mm in Propionbacterium acnes strain and maximum clear zone of 10.50 mm. in Bacillus subtilis strain. To solve the problem of insolubility and to improve skin penetration, PCL-PEG polymer micelles containing Robinia pseudo-acacia leaf ethanol extracts and 1.0% cell permeable peptide, hexa-D-arginine (R6) were successfully prepared with particle size of 108.23 and 126.47 nm and excellent skin permeation effects could be showed.

• Journal of the Mineralogical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.173-185
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• 2015

Janggun mine (longitude $129^{\circ}$ 03'38.91" Latitude $36^{\circ}$ 51'31.59") had been operated as an underground mine for last few decades. As the part of the remediation process, the surface of tailing dump was covered with uncontaminated soil about 20 cm in depth and acacia trees were planted. Heavy metal uptake of acacia from tailing soil has continued for the past 15 years. Heavy metal concentration ranges of tailing soil that contaminated with As (66.43-9325.34 mg/kg), Cd (0.96-1.09 mg/kg), Cu (16.90-57.60 mg/kg), Pb (57.33-945.67 mg/kg), and Zn (154.48-278.61 mg/kg) have higher than those of control soil As (38.98 mg/kg), Cd (0.42 mg/kg), Cu (10.26 mg/kg), Pb (8.21 mg/kg), Zn (46.74 mg/kg). The As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations of leaf of acacia in highly contaminated tailing dump were 165.95, 0.04, 10.68, 3.18, 48.11 mg/kg, respectively. The metal contents of leaf of acacia tree that obtained from uncontaminated control soil are 1.31 of As, 3.90 of Cu, 0.22 of Pb and 11.01 mg/kg of Zn. It was investigated that in the acacia tree, heavy metals such as As, Cu, Pb and Zn tend to be more highly concentrated in bark and leaf, compared with sapwood and heartwood.

• Journal of Mushroom
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.1-5
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• 2016

To minimize cultivation costs, prevent insect-pest infestation, and improve the production efficiency of thermophilic mushrooms, plant substrates obtained from local areas in Cambodia were used for production of both spawn and mushrooms. In this experiment, different sawdusts different organic wastes and grain ingredients and analyzed for improvement of spawn-production efficiency. Four thermophilic mushroom species, Pleurotus sajor-caju (oyster mushroom, Sambok), Ganoderma lucidum (deer horn shaped), Auricularia auricula (ear mushroom), and Lentinula edodes (shiitake), were used to identify efficient new substrates for spawn and mushroom production. Although the mycelia in the rubber tree sawdust medium showed a slightly slower growth rate (10.9 cm/15 days) than mycelia grown in grains (11.2 cm/15 days in rice seeds), rubber tree sawdust appeared to be an adequate replacement for grain spawn substrates. Th findings indicate that rubber tree sawdust, sugarcane bagasse, and acacia tree sawdust supplemented with rice bran and calcium carbonate could be new alternative the substrates for. Although sugarcane bagasse and rubber tree sawdust showed similarly high biological efficiencies (BE) of 60% and 60.8%, respectively, acacia tree sawdust exhibited relatively a low biological efficiency of 22.4%. However, it is expected that acacia sawdust has potential for the mushroom cultivation when supplemented with currently used sawdust substrates in Cambodia, because of its relatively low price. The price of the sawdust (20 kg sawdust= 6500 Riel or 1.6 USD) currently used was 6.5 times higher than the price of acacia sawdust (201000 Riel or 0.25 USD). Therefore, utilization for acacia sawdust for mushroom cultivation could become feasible as it would reduce by producing costs of mushrooms in rural areas of Cambodia.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.62-69
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• 1984

Three-ply walled microcapsules containing furosemide and reserpine were prepared from multiple emulsion, and the the appearance of multiple emulsion, the particle size distribution and the drug contents of microcapsules were studied. The microcapsule consisted of alternating three layer of acacia/ethyl cellulose/acacia, and the surface of microcapsules was not porous but wrinkles and had relatively elaborate structure and the particle size range is $4{\mu}m$ to $64{\mu}m$.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Objective: Evaluations of the in-vitro anti-bacterial activities of aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu (L.F.)Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and Shilajita mumiyo against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are reasonable since these ethnomedicinal plants have been used in Persian folk medicine for treating skin diseases, venereal diseases, respiratory problems and nervous disorders for ages. Methods: The well diffusion method (KB testing) with a concentration of $250{\mu}g/disc$ was used for evaluating the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Maximum synergistic effects of different combinations of components were also observed. Results: A particular combination of Acacia catechu (L.F.) Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and shilajita mumiyo extracts possesses an outstanding anti-bacterial activity. It's inhibiting effect on microorganisms is significant when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive microorganism. The highest anti-bacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) or gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was exerted by formula number 2 (table 1). Conclusion: The results reveal the presence of anti-bacterial activities of Acacia catechu, Castanea sativa husk, Ephedra sp. and Mumiyo against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Synergistic effects in a combined formula, especially in formula number 2 (ASLAN$^{(R)}$) can lead to potential sources of new antiseptic agents for treatment of acute or chronic skin ulcers. These results considering the significant anti-bacterial effect of the present formulation, support ethnopharmacological uses against diarrheal and venereal diseases and demonstrate use of these plants to treat infectious diseases.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2015

This study examined the effects of rice straw steaming time and mixing ratio between rice straw and wood particle on the properties of mixed particle board from Acacia mangium Willd wood and rice straw. Rice straw and Acacia mangium Willd wood were collected in Hanoi, Vietnam. The particle board was three-layer particle board with the structural ratio of 1:3:1. The thickness, density and board size of the particle board were 18 mm, $0.7g/cm^3$, and $800{\times}800{\times}18$ (mm, including trimming), respectively. A resin mixture between commercial Urea-formaldehyde (U-F) adhesive and methylene diphenyl isocyanate (MDI) adhesive was used with a dosage of 12% for the core layer and 14% for the surface layer. In this experimental design, the steaming time for rice straw was 15, 30, 45, 60, and 75 minutes at $100^{\circ}C$. The rice straw-wood mixing ratio was 10, 20, 30, 40, and 50%. The results showed that both mixing ratio and steaming time affect the properties of the particleboard, but the mixing ratio has a stronger impact. A higher mixing ratio and a longer steaming time resulted in a better quality of particleboard. The optimal steaming time for rice straw was 46.12 minutes with the straw-wood mixing ratio of 29.85% with the following characteristics of the particle board: the modulus of rupture (MOR) of 14.64 MPa, internal bond strength (IB) of 0.382 MPa, thickness swelling (TS) of 8.83%, and board density of $0.7-0.7g/cm^3$.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.24 no.4 s.79
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• pp.274-279
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• 1996

An isolate of Lepista nuda was cultivated on the solid media consisted of various cereal grains or those of the acacia sawdust mixed with other cereal grains. The mycelia grew well on the solid cultures made from millet cereals, but did not on those from sorghum or corn cereals. Thus, the millet and the acacia sawdust, as the solid media, were employed for the next experiments related to mycelial growths. For growth of this isolate, it was shown that the nitrogen source is needed for those of millet. Also, the rice bran or minerals were considered to be needed for the acacia sawdust. As minerals, however, the rice bran is shown as the best additive in the solid cultures of the acacia sawdust. The mycelia of L. nuda were cultivated directly through the solid cultures. Their growths were measured' by the production of carbon dioxide with gas chromatography.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.321-325
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• 1983

This study was carried out to investigate the nutritive value and functional proterties of chloroplastic protein and cytoplasmic protein which are a leaf protein concentrates of acacia. The results obtained are as follows; 1. The limited amino acids of chloroplastic protein and cytoplasmic protein in acacia leaf were methionine & tryptophan in both cases. 2. Digestibilities of chloroplastic protein and cytoplasmic protein were 72.59% and 60.24%, respectively. 3. Bulk density, water absorption, emulsifying capacity and emulsion stability of the chloroplastic protein and cytoplasmic protein were not greatly different from those of milk casein, but water solubilities of those were lower than that of milk casein. 4. Fat absorption of the cytoplasmic protein was similar to that of milk casein, but that of the chloroplastic protein was lower than that of milk casein.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.130-133
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• 1986

Glyphosate and 2,4-D were introduced into the vascular systems of Robinia pseudo-acacia L. (3-5cm diameter) with a syringe-type pressure injector in May, 1985. Robinia pseudo-acacia L. were completely controlled by 3 or 6 ml of 3050ppm glyphosate per tree and 6ml of 1000ppm 2,4-D per tree. Herbicidal efficacy was more effective by 6m1 of combined solutions of 1525ppm glyphosate and 500ppm 2,4-D per tree.