• 한국물환경학회지
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.863-871
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• 2007

Spectroscopic characteristics of river water from four major watersheds in the Ulsan area were measured to examine their potential for estimating water quality parameters. The total 176 river samples were collected from 44 sites of small streams within the watersheds during the year 2006. Spectroscopic characteristics investigated included protein-like fluorescence (FLF) intensity, fulvic-like fluorescence (FLF) intensity, terrestrial humic-like fluorescence (TLF) intensity, UV absorbance at 254 nm, and UV absorbance difference at 220 nm and 254 nm. Protein-like fluorescence intensity showed linear relationships with biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), total phosphorous (TP) concentrations of the samples with the correlation of 0.784, 0.779, and 0.733, respectively. Due to the UV absorption characteristics of nitrate at 220 nm, UV absorbance difference at 220 nm and 254 nm was selected to represent total nitrogen (TN) concentration. Exclusion of some samples with PLF intensity higher than 5.0 improved the correlation between the UV absorbance difference and TN as demonstrated by the increase of the correlation coefficient from 0.392 to 0.784. Instead, for the samples with PLF intensity lower than 5.0, the highest correlation of TN was achieved with UV absorbance at 254 nm. The results suggest that PLF intensity could be used as the estimation index for BOD, COD, and TP concentration of river water, and as the primary screening index for the prediction of TN using UV absorbance difference. Some BOD-based water quality levels among the river water were statistically discriminated by the PLF intensity. Low p-values were obtained from the t-tests on the samples with the first level and the second level (p=0.0003) and the samples with the second and the third levels (p=0.0413). Our combined results demonstrated that the selected spectroscopic characteristics of river water could be utilized as a tool for on-site real-time monitoring and/or the primary estimation of water quality.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.109-121
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• 1991

For the analysis of mercury in blood and urine, many literatures have been reffered and many kinds of reducing agents for mercury reduction and many acids for pretreatmr are known to be varied. $So HNO_{3}$ and $H_{2}SO_{4}$ among acids and $SnCl_{2}$ and $NaBH_{4}$ as a reducing agent being chosen for the establishment of more efficient and less erroneous analysis, and comparing the absorbance by using vapor generator, the results are followings. 1. The difference of absorbance from concentration of $HNO_{3}$ and $H_{2} SO_{4}$ was not nearly found when mercury reduced by $NaBH_{4}$ after pretreatment. But for more precise analysis, conc acid treatment need to be used. 2. Higher absorbance was shown by using conto acid treatment (P<0.005) when mercury reduced by $NaBH_{4}$ after treating acid primer. And sample which has 99.5% reliability in T-test, treated by conc $H_{2}SO_{4}$(P<0.005) was shown higher absorbance than treat by CORC $HNO_{3}$. 3. The difference of absorbance was not in the slightest in higher 0.1 w/v% $NaBH_{4}$ proved by uruskal-wallis H-Test 4. Some difference of absorbance in $SnCl_{2}$(P<0.005) having 99.5% reliability was found but there was no difference in these 20 w/v% , 25 w/v% and 30 w/v% SnCl$_{2}$ by the experiment of T-test. 5. According to these test results, organic materials were much affect the absorballce when reducing mercury by using $SnCl_{2}$ rather than by $NaBH_{4}$. For bio sample which is contained various organic substances, reduclng agent $NaBH_{4}$ is a lot more efficient to reduce the error then $SnCl_{2}$. 6. analytic method for this study is as following. 7. As the recovery test was done by this, the rate of recovery was shown form 94% to 100.7% .

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.38-45
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• 1999

Natural red colorants were extracted from Phytolacca americana Linne by using 50% ethanol solution at room temperature for 12 hours. The colorant components were partially purified as yellow and deep red colorants by thin layer chromatography. Natural red colorants were consisted of major water-soluble red colorant, having maximum absorbance at 538nm and alcohol-soluble yellow colorant, having maximum absorbance at 664nm. Concentration of red colorants were calibrated by the equation of dye(mg/ml) $A_{538nm}\times{1.284}$. Red colorants were changed to yellow at extreme alkali pH and repaired 55% color intensity by neutralization of pH and stabled below $55^\circ{C}$. Dyeability of red colorants against wool fabrics was mainly operated by red pigment having 538nm absorbance without big color differences. Below $55^\circ{C}$, color differences $(\Delta{E}^*_{ab})$ were not changed in spite of big difference of chroma$(c^*)$, having higher scores at higher temperature. The effect of mordants were not drastically changed parameters of color difference without copper ion. Citric acid was big changes of color difference$(\Delta{E}^*_{ab})$ in spite of similar chroma$(c^*)$ values. From these experimental results, red colorants from Phytolacca americana Linne is available for wool fabric dyeing.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.165-172
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• 2012

The stability of yellow and red dyes prepared from safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) in aqueous solution and in solid state was investigated. External factors such as light irradiation and temperature on the stability were examined during storage. Changes in absorbance of dye solutions and the color changes of fabrics dyed after long time storage were measured. Also, color reproducibility during storage was investigated by dyeing test on various fabrics. Red colorant in aqueous solution was very unstable to light, resulting that about 40% of absorbance were lost in 12hrs. The absorbance of yellow dye solutions was not decreased within 84hrs. In aqueous medium, yellow dye was much more stable than carthamin. Both dyes are relatively stable for long storage when they are stored in solid state compared to when in aqueous solution. Color changes are marginal in both dyes.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.178-182
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• 2000

We have investgated UV-Vis absorbance to observe the photoisomerization using the mixture solutions in chloroform and LB monolayers mixed with DLPE and 8A5H containing azobenzene which showed reversible cis-trans photoisomerization irradiated by alternate lights. We have found that the absorbance spectrums of the mixture solutions and LB monolayers were reversibly induced to cis-trans photoisomerization irradiated by alternate lights. In addition, the absorbance of both solution and LB monolayer mixed with 8A5H and DLPE were reversibly by alternate temperatures. As a results, the 1:1(by volume) mixture ratio of 8A5H and DLPE was more flexible and reversible cis-trans photoisomerization than the others.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제2권3호
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• pp.43-50
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• 1990

The purpose of this paper is to investigate the dyes solubility of dry cleaning solvents among the current domestic products. The dyes were experimented in following way; 1) The flow rate of dyes by paper chromatography method. 2) The color difference & the absorbance of solvents between the dyed fabrics before and after dry cleaning. From the experiment, following results were obtained. 1. In paper chromatography methods, the flow rate of dyes in the disperse dyes was bigger while flow was not shown in the direct dyes & acid dyes. 2. The more the number of times on dry cleaning in dyed fabrics was, the higher the absorbance of solvents was shown. The results were showed following order, PerchloroethyleneHydrocarbon> Fluorocabon. 3. The color difference between before & after dry cleaning on dyed fabrics showed bigger in disperse dyes.

• 복식
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• 제27권
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• pp.121-132
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• 1996

This study showed the proper pigment extract in the Phe. Dyeing which is the basic dye of the natural plants dyeing,. Also it compared and examined the K/S the promotion of the color fastness and the effect of color difference change were attended by mordants and method of mordanting. 1. The most absorbance of Phellodendron. sol-ution is 330nm berberine is 430nm. 2. The best and proper temperature to extrat Phe,. was 80 and dyeing solution for 24 hours. 3. The pH effect was stable in the absorbances and color differences change. 4. Mordanted group increased the absorbances compared to non-mordanted sample. In case depth the most absorbance of Al. Sn. K. Cu and C. A solution were in 3% Fe and Cr were in 5%. In the color difference change they became dark reduced greenish and increased yellowish when their absorbances were in 3% 5. K./S was recoginzed by tainnin and fe, K/S was more increased pre-mordants than post-mordants. 6. Fe is the unchangable mordant in the color difference change and pre-mordants is more stable than post-mordants in the difference color. 7. Generally light C. F indicated more than grade 2 and light C. F, was much improved in post-mordanted by alumium potassium potass-ium dichromate. Washing C.F was improved in mordanted by tainnin and ferrous suulfate mordanted group was better than non-mordanted sample. Perspir-ation C,F was more stable in acid than alkali. Dry cleaning C.F indicated more than grade. 4.

• 복식
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• 제14권
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• pp.133-144
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• 1990

The purpose of this study is to investigate the absorbance of the Shikonin, one of the major purple pigments, and the stability against the effect of light, $O_2$, and temperature. The effect of mordant and mordanting condition to color and color-fastness is compared and analysed through the color-fastness-test, color-difference value-test, and IR-test. The results were as follows; 1. The absorbance of Shikonin was examinated through 6 kinds of solutions and distilled water. Shikonin was absorbed by solutions rather easily than distilled water. 2. The light effect to Shikonin indicated that the solution with the light was more stable than that without it. 3. The effect of $O_2$ to Shikonin showed that the solution with the $O_2$ was more stable that without it $O_2$. 4. Shikonin -methyl alcohol solution was stable in $25^{\circ}C$. It was unstable in $60^{\circ}C$ and $100^{\circ}C$ with lowered absorbance and changed colors. 5. Color-fastness test to silk and cotton indicated washing color-fastness and perspiration color-fastness was more than 3 grade. But the light color-fastness and crocking color-fastness was low. 6. The comparison between non -colored sample and colored-sample showed the latter was better in fastness. 7. Mordant as $Alk(SO_4)_2{\cdot}24H_2O$ and $AlCl_3{\cdot}6H_2O$ was better than anything else in fastness. 8. Color-difference value-test indicated that the mordant which had the jade green color, the original purple pigment color, was the best in use. 9. The best way to extract the original purple pigment color was in $25^{\circ}C$, because extracted dyeing solution by Soxhlet had the bluish color.

• 한국안광학회지
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• 제19권3호
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• pp.295-303
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• 2014

목적: 본 연구는 국내에서 유통되는 미용 칼라 콘택트렌즈에 대하여 렌즈 관리에 이용되는 다목적 콘택트렌즈 용액에 의한 탈색을 관찰하고자 하였다. 방법: 6개월용 착용렌즈로 굴절력이 0.00 D이며, 주변부가 다른 제조공법으로 착색된 세 가지 칼라 콘택트렌즈를 이용하였고(타입 1: pigment application method, 타입 2: chemical bonding process, 타입 3: sandwich method), 다목적용액은 성분이 다른 두 종류를 사용하였다. 각각의 칼라 콘택트렌즈는 다목적용액에서 20일간 보관하면서 1일 15초 동안 소용돌이 혼합(vortexing) 하였다. 소용돌이 혼합 전과 후에 형광흡광도, 표면사진 그리고 명도지수와 색좌표지수를 측정하여 탈색정도를 관찰하였다. 결과: 두 종류의 다목적용액에서 모든 타입의 미용 칼라 콘택트렌즈의 형광 흡광도 값은 소용돌이 혼합 전과 후에 통계적으로 유의한 차이가 없었다. 표면사진은 렌즈의 전면은 모든 타입에서 매끄러웠고, 후면은 타입 3은 1과 2 보다 돌출된 정도가 적었다. 소용돌이 혼합 전과 후 렌즈 표면색의 색차 변화는 타입 3이 타입 1과 2보다 유의하게 변화도가 작았으나 모두 허용오차 안에 들었다. 결론: 소프트 콘택트렌즈 다목적 용액에 의한 미용 칼라 콘택트렌즈의 탈색은 형광 흡광도와 표면색 측정에서 관찰되지 않았다. 그러나 콘택트렌즈의 제조방법에 따라 렌즈 후면의 돌출된 정도는 달랐다.

• 한국응용과학기술학회지
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.292-298
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• 2018

본 연구는 멍게 껍질을 100.0 % 에탄올 용매로 추출한 후 DMSO로 희석하여 색소안정성을 평가하였다. pH에 따른 흡광도와 색차계 값을 측정한 결과 pH 7.0에서 흡광도와 색도의 ${\pm}a$값이 가장 안정하게 나타났다. pH 3.0에서 흡광도의 감소가 나타났고 색도의 ${\pm}a$값이 감소하여 멍게 껍질 색소는 pH가 중성에 가까울수록 변색방지의 효과가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 항산화제 첨가시 색소의 흡광도가 증가하였으며 ${\alpha}-tocopherol$과 Glutathione이 가장 우수한 효과를 나타내었다.