• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제35권3호
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• pp.150-158
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• 2019

Exotic conifer trees have been extensively planted in southern China because of their high apparent growth and yield. These fast-growing plantations are expected to persist as a considerable potential for temporary and long-term carbon sink to offset greenhouse gas emissions. However, information on the carbon storage across different age ranges in exotic pine plantations is often lacking. We first estimated the ecosystem carbon storage across different age ranges of exotic pine plantations in China by quantifying above- and below-ground ecosystem carbon pools. The carbon storage of each tree component of exotic pine (Pinus elliottii) increased significantly with increasing age in Duchang and Yiyang areas. The stem carbon storage except <10 years in Ji'an areas was the largest component among all other components, which accounts for about 50% of the total carbon storage followed by roots (~28%), branches (~18%), and foliage (~9%). The mean total tree carbon storage of slash pine plantations for <10, 10-20 and 20-30 years across three study areas was 3.69, 13.91 and $20.57Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. The carbon stocks in understory and forest floor were age-independent. Total tree and soil were two dominant carbon pools in slash pine plantations at all age sequences. The carbon contribution of aboveground ecosystem increased with increasing age, while that of belowground ecosystem declined. The mean total ecosystem carbon storage of slash pine plantations for <10, 10-20 and 20-30 years across China was 30.26, 98.66 and $98.89Mg\;ha^{-1}$, respectively. Although subtropical climate in China was suitable for slash pine growth, the mean total carbon stocks in slash pine plantations at all age sequences from China were lower than that values reported in American slash pine plantations.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.20-20
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• 2019

Sedge family is second largest family in the Korean flora with more than 240 taxa, following Aster family (about 300 taxa). Although high species diversity, a very limited number of taxa has been utilized for ethnobotanical usages. In the study, previous researches on Cyperaceae ethnobotanical information are documented and analyzed for future research directions on the taxa. A total number of seven taxa has been used for medicinal, food, and material purposes: Carex boottiana Hook. & Arn., Cyperus amuricus Maxim., Cyperus esculentus L., Cyperus exaltatus Retz., Cyperus rotundus L., Eleocharis kuroguwai Ohwi, and Bolboschoenus maritimus (L.) Palla. Underground parts such as tubers are used with medicinal purpose, and aboveground portions such as leaves and stems provide materials for various tools and foods for people and animals. They are all native to Korea, except C. esculentus, which is introduced from Mediterranean areas for anti-erosion materials. The ethnobotanical value of C. esculentus has been well recognized from ancient times, for example, starch grains in USA (excavations at the Mashantucket Pequot Reservation) and Tiger nut milk (Horchata de chufa in Spain). Among material sources, C. exaltatus has a long history in the Korean peninsula from Three Kingdoms of Korea (57 BC~668 AD). C. rotundus is distributed widely in Asia, Africa, Europe, and America, and utilized for medicines, food, and materials. In addition, Eleocharis kuroguwai is only one taxon utilized for ethnobotanical uses among fifteen Eleocharis Korean native species. The number of species with ethnobotanical uses is small in sedge family, but the family has long been utilized accompanying long human history. Cyperus papyrus L., the source of papyrus paper (Egypt in the Nile Delta), is also a member of sedge family. Sedge family has contributed to human societies in various aspects but, the cultural, botanical, ecological values of family members have been underestimated.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제44권4호
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• pp.222-228
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• 2020

Background: Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious invasive weed in tropical and subtropical regions of the world, including Nepal. Among 11 species of biological control agents released to control P. hysterophorus in Ausrtalia, winter rust Puccina abrupta var. partheniicola arrived fortuitously and has established in Kathmandu Valley, Nepal, nearly a decade back. However, the prevalence and effectiveness of this rust as a biological control agent in Kathmandu remain unknown. To address this knowledge gap, a roadside survey was done at an interval of 2 ± 0.25 km in Kathmandu Valley to assess the P. abrupta var. partheniicola incidence and its impacts on P. hysterophorus. Infested individuals of P. hysterophorus were further divided into four severity classes (very low, low, medium, and high), and rust incidence was calculated. The impact of the winter rust on the growth of P. hysterophorus was assessed by comparing biomass and seed output of infested and non-infested individuals. Results: Among 81 locations where P. hysterophorus was present in the Kathmandu Valley, winter rust infestation was observed at 98% locations. At some locations within Kathmandu Valley such as Tinkune, Kirtipur, Chabahil, Buddha Chowk, and Dhobighat, the impacts of the rust on P. hysterophorus were medium to high. Aboveground biomass and seed output of P. hysterophorus were reduced by 47% and 73%, respectively, due to winter rust infestation. The study indicates that winter rust incidence is widespread in Kathmandu Valley with very low to high levels of damages to P. hysterophorus depending on the localities. Conclusion: The rust has, therefore, a potential to reduce the growth performance of P. hysterophorus, and it can be used as a component of integrated management of P. hysterophorus by introducing to other suitable areas in Nepal.

• Forest Science and Technology
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2018

This study was carried out in the teaching and research forest of the University of Dschang in Belabo, with the aim of analysing land-cover and land-use changes as well as carbon stocks dynamic. The databases used are composed of three Landsat satellite images (5TM of 1984, 7ETM + of 2000 and 8OLI of 2016), enhanced by field missions. Satellite images were processed using ENVI and ArcGIS software. Interview, focus group discussion methods and participatory mapping were used to identify the activities carried out by the local population. An inventory design consisting of four transects was used to measure dendrometric parameters and to identify land-use types. An estimation of carbon stocks in aboveground and underground woody biomass was made using allometric models based on non-destructive method. Dynamic of land-cover showed that the average annual rate of deforestation is 0.48%. The main activities at the base of this change are agriculture, house built-up and logging. Seven types of land-use were identified; adult secondary forests (64.10%), young secondary forests (7.54%), wetlands (7.39%), fallows (3.63%), savannahs (9.59%), cocoa farms (4.28%) and mixed crop farms (3.47%). Adult secondary forests had the highest amount of carbon ($250.75\;t\;C\;ha^{-1}$). This value has decreased by more than 60% for mixed crop farms ($94.67\;t\;C\;ha^{-1}$), showing the impact of agricultural activities on both forest cover and carbon stocks. Agroforestry systems that allow conservation and introduction of woody species should be encouraged as part of a participatory management strategy of this forest.

• 현장농수산연구지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.45-54
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• 2002

마(Dioscorea spp.) 계통 중 품질이 우수하고 이용 가치가 기대되는 51개 계통에 대한 특성을 조사하고 도입재배 가능성을 시험했다. 또한 종간, 계통 간을 AFLP 분석하였고 생육 패턴을 시험하였다. 1. AFLP분석의 분자마커를 이용한 도입마의 유사성 분석에서 62% 수준에서 도입마는 다른 종간에 유의성이 나타났고 주성분 분석에서도 구분이 가능하였다. 그 중 D. alata는 일부 수집 지역별로 그룹이 형성되었다. 2. 일본의 쿠마모도(Kumamoto)지방에서 수집된 D. alata의 계통들의 유사성이 높은 것으로 보아, 그 지역의 마 유전자원의 이동이 적은 것으로 보인다. 반면, Indonesia, palau Is., 파푸아뉴기니아에서의 수집종들의 유연성이 높은 것은 한 지역의 계통이 여러지역으로 이동된 것으로 사료되다. 3. D. nipponica에 속하는 부채마는 다른 종과 변이가 많은 것으로 조사되어 유전적 가치가 높은 것으로 인정된다.

• 한국균학회지
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• 제51권4호
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• pp.383-387
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• 2023

Peanut plants showing mild wilt were found in fields of Iksan, Korea, in August 2021. The diseased peanut plants were collected, and the causal pathogens were isolated using potato dextrose agar (PDA) medium. The isolated IS-1 strain formed white mycelia on PDA, which turned black with age. Sclerotia were produced on the PDA and barley leaves laid on water agar 7 d after incubation at 30℃. The sequences of both the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and calmodulin gene of IS-1 showed a 100% similarity with that of Macrophomina phaseolina. A phylogenetic tree constructed using the ITS regions of fungal pathogens causing disease in peanut plants indicated that the IS-1 stain belongs to M. phaseolina. The inoculation of IS-1 sclerotia into peanut seedlings resulted in yellowing and wilt symptoms in aboveground plants and brown to dark rots in roots 35-40 d after inoculation. Overall, the morphological characteristics, molecular identification, and pathogenicity of IS-1 indicate that the causal pathogen is M. phaseolina. This is the first report of charcoal rot caused by M. phaseolina on peanut plants in Korea. Further study is needed to develop the control measures for charcoal rot in peanut plants.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제29권1호
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• pp.51-62
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• 2024

A study was performed to investigate the positive impacts of humic substances (HS) on the growth of green barley, a type of green manure plant. The study was conducted in a pot culture using two different types of reclaimed soils that had been treated by land farming (DDC) and thermal desorption (YJ) methods, respectively. The experimental conditions consisted of three treatments: plant only (P), plant plus 2% HS, and no plant (control). After 89 days of culture in a controlled growth chamber, the growth of spring barley and activity of seven soil enzymes were measured. The results indicated that the addition of HS had a substantial (p<0.10) positive effect on shoot biomass in both types of soil. Furthermore, the addition of HS notably (p<0.05) enhanced all seven soil enzyme activities in both soils. Both the aboveground and belowground parts of barley plants were returned to soil and aged for 10 weeks in the same growth chamber, which resulted in notable enhancement in soil health indicators. These improvements included an increase in organic matter, a drop in bulk density, and an increase in the activity of seven different soil enzymes. When lentil seeds were planted in the aged soils, the development of the seedlings was more vigorous than that in the control in both soils, although allelopathy of barley suppressed lentil germination in soil with pH 7.0 but not in soil with pH 8.5.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제40권2호
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• pp.99-110
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• 2024

According to the REDD+ program, it is necessary to monitor, quantify, and report forest conditions in protected land areas. The objectives of this work were to quantify the average monthly aerial net primary productivity (ANPP_MONTH) of semi-arid Chaco Forest at Copo National Park (CNP), Santiago del Estero, Argentina, during the period 2000-2023, as well as its spatial distribution and relationship, and its use efficiency (RUE) of average monthly rainfall (AMR). The ANPP_MONTH model accounted for 90% of the seasonal variability from October to May, the average seasonal ANPP_MONTH was 145 tons of dry matter per hectare (t dm/ha), being the maximum in January with 192 t dm/ha and the minimum in May with 91 t dm/ha. The surface area covered by ANPP_MONTH exhibited a consistent positive trend from October to May (t test=15.65, p<0.01). Strong and significant direct relationships were found between ANPP_MONTH and AMRs, linear models explaining 90% and 96% of the variability, respectively. The results obtained become reference values for assessing the capacity of the forest systems to stock carbon for global warming mitigation and for monitoring and controlling their response to extreme climatic adversities. The average ANPP_MONTH reduces uncertainty when defining the thresholds to monitor and quantify ANPP and forest area, thus facilitating the detection of negative changes in land use in CNP. Such results evidence the National Parks Administration's high effectiveness for the maintenance of protected area and for the high ANPP of the FCHS of CNP in the period 2000-2023.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.137-143
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• 2024

Background: The study was carried out to analyze the temporal changes of trade-offs (TOs) between two ecosystem services (ESs) before and after thinning in a Pinus koraiensis plantation on Mt. Gari from 2006 to 2021. As target variables, aboveground carbon (AGC) storage and species richness (SR) were chosen for regulating and supporting services. Thinning was applied from 2007 through 2008 with three treatments: 1) light thinning (LT), 2) heavy thinning (HT), and 3) control (Con). Results: Thinning influenced both AGC and SR. In 2021, AGC in the Con (111.1 t C ha^-1) was significantly higher compared to the LT (82.0 t C ha^-1) and HT (60.4 t C ha^-1) after thinning from 2007 to 2008. Also, SR was marginally higher in the LT (94 species) than in the Con (55 species) and HT (87 species) in 2011. Relative benefits of AGC and SR showed similar trends with the obtained values. In addition, the effects of thinning on TO varied among treatments and over time, demonstrating different degrees of TO between the two ESs. In the LT, TO was 0.13 in 2006 and slightly increased to 0.2 by 2021. TO in the HT exhibited a relatively rapid increase from 0.22 in 2006 to 0.58 by 2021, while To in the Con fluctuated, rising to 0.36 in 2011 from 0.1 in 2006 and decreasing to 0.25 by 2021. Among the three treatments, the degree of TOs between the two ESs was the lowest in the LT. Conclusions: Depending on thinning intensities, the responses of ESs and the degree of TOs vary. Regarding the balance between enhancements and TOs in ESs among treatments, the LT treatment showing intermediate carbon storage, higher SR, and lower TOs will be a proper silvicultural application.

• 한국산림과학회지
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• 제68권1호
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• pp.60-68
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• 1985

아까시나무인공림(人工林)의 물질생산(物質生産)에 관한 연구(硏究)를 수행(遂行)하기 위하여, 경기도(京畿道) 용인군(龍仁郡)의 아까시나무 8, 13 및 20년생임분(年生林分)에 $10{\times}10m$의 조사구(調査區)를 설정(設定)하고, 지상부(地上部)의 현존량(現存量) 및 년순생산량(年純生産量)을 분석추정(分析推定)하였다. 각(各) 조사지(調査地)마다 직경급별(直徑級別)로 안배한 7주(株)의 표본목(標本木)을 벌채(伐採)하여 간(幹)(Ws), 지(枝)(Wb), 엽(葉)(Wl)부(部)로 나누어 건중량(乾重量)을 측정(測定), 흉고단면적법(胸高斷面積法)을 이용(利用)하여 물질생산량(物質生産量)을 추정(推定)하였다. 생산구조면(生産構造面)에서 광합성부(光合成部)는 8년생(年生) 지상(地上) 3.2m, 13년생(年生) 4.2m, 20년생(年生) 6.2m 높이에서 시작되고, 수관(樹冠)의 최대광합성층(最大光合成層)은 8년생(年生) 4.2m, 13년생(年生) 6.2m, 20년생(年生) 12.2m 높이에서 나타났다. 지상부(地上部)의 현존량(現存量)은 8년생(年生) 36.72t/ha, 13년생(年生) 69.28t/ha, 20년생(年生) 118.67t/ha이었고, 년간순생산량(年間純生産量)은 8년생(年生) $12.56t/ha{\cdot}yr$, 13년생(年生) $13.23t/ha{\cdot}yr$, 20년생(年生) $16.78t/ha{\cdot}yr$이었다. 현존량밀도(現存量密度)는 8년생(年生) $0.52kg/m^3$, 13년생(年生) $0.59kg/m^3$, 20년생(年生) $0.80kg/m^3$이었다. 잎의 생산능률(生産能率)을 추정(推定)한 바 NAR은 8년생(年生) 3.66kg/kg/yr, 13년생(年生) 4.13kg/kg/yr, 20년생(年生) 2.50kg/kg/yr이었고, 잎의 간재생산능률(幹材生産能率)은 8년생(年生) 1.69kg/kg/yr, 13년생(年生) 2.10kg/kg/yr, 20년생(年生) 0.96kg/kg/yr이었다.