• Mycobiology
• /
• v.49 no.2
• /
• pp.173-182
• /
• 2021

Recently, Cryptococcus pseudolongus has been reported as a new pathogen of shiitake (Lentinula edodes). However, its pathological properties are not much known. To further understand its impact on the mushroom, we investigated the pathogen's interactions with the mycelium of shiitake, histopathological properties, host range, and sensitivity to diverse antifungal agents. The strain C. pseudolongus DUCC 4014 inhibited the mycelial growth of L. edodes strain (cultivar Sanjo 701ho) and caused browning in the mycelia confronted with the yeast on PDA. Spray inoculation of the yeast caused an abnormal browning symptom on the cap and/or gills of three shiitake cultivars grown on sawdust media in vinyl bags. Scanning electron microscopic images of the abnormally browned parts of shiitake fruit body illustrated that mushroom tissues were loosed and dispersed in the middle and edge of the cap and the arrangement of basidiospores borne on basidia in the gills was disturbed compared to those of normal shiitake fruit body. Spray inoculation also led to developing abnormal browning on the harvested fruit body, indicating C. pseudolongus could be a problem during mushroom storage. But the yeast was not able to induce abnormal browning on mushrooms of Pleurotus ferulae, Pleurotus fostreatus, and Agaricus bisporus. But it induced browning only on button mushroom (A. bisporus) when they were inoculated after wounding. Tests with 16 kinds of fungicides revealed that the cell growth of C. pseudolongus could be inhibited by benzalkonium chloride at MIC 7 ㎍/ml and benomyl at MIC 3 ㎍/ml.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.8 no.3
• /
• pp.152-158
• /
• 2006

The objective of this study is to investigate change in diurnal respiration and transpiration of the fruits of kiwifruit during fruit growth. Three-hourly fruit transpiration and respiration rate were measured by a chamber technique. Results showed a tendency of higher transpiration and respiration in at maturation to commercial harvest period in 1995 fruit than in 1996 fruit. Fruit respiration rates were very similar to the transpiration rates. The air temperature record for the fruit maturation period in 1996 showed a sudden drop on September $19{\sim}24$ and October 14 down to $7{\sim}13^{\circ}C$. These results suggest that abnormal fruit transpiration and respiration rate in the fruit maturation period might be influenced by the air temperature.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.18 no.4
• /
• pp.497-501
• /
• 2011

The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of gibberellins (GA) pasting on the bourse shoot, and not just on the fruit characteristics but also on the quality, of Niitaka pear (Pyrus pyryfolia L). The fruit stalk was treated with GA (control, 25mg/fruit stalk) 35 days after reaching full bloom. In the GA-treated tree, the occurrence of abnormal bourse shoot (52.5%) increased, and the spur bud and flower number decreased. The diameter of the GA-paste-treated fruit increased during the pear growth period with GA treatment. The diameter, length, and weight of the GA-paste-treated fruit increased at harvest time, but the hardness was lower than that of the control. The differences in soluble solid, acidity, and fruit color between the control and the GA-paste-treated fruit were not significant. Post-harvest, during the storage period, the hardness of the GA-paste-treated fruit was lower than that of the control, and its weight loss ratio was higher than that of the control on the $60^{th}$ days of storage.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
• /
• v.19 no.3
• /
• pp.362-366
• /
• 2001

This survey was carried out to investigate the effect of flooding by heavy rain on growth characteristics and disease incidence of 'Fuji'/M.26 mature apple tree in 1998 at Kyongbuk province. The surveyed regions were Andong, Uisung, and Gunwi area. The six orchards were selected from one area, totally 18 orchards were surveyed. The flooded depth of surveyed orchards was from 70 to 350 cm, and the flooded duration was from 6 to 72 h. Defoliation ratio, number of abnormal budding, and flowering per tree were increased along with the increment of flooded depth and duration. Rooting ratio was decreased rapidly with the increment of flooded duration, and dead root ratio was 16.2% in flooded orchards. Marssonia blotch (Diplocarpon mali), white rot (Botryosphaeria dothidea) of fruit, and phytophthora fruit rot (Phytophthora cactorum) incidence were increased in flooded orchards. The analysis results of pearson correlation coefficient among surveyed items showed that higher relationship of abnormal growth characteristics and increment of disease incidence of 'Fuji'/M.26 apple trees with flooded duration than with flooded depth. With these results, the flooded depth was found to be the main factor for the abnormal growth characteristics and disease incidences of 'Fuji'/M.26 apple trees.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.313-320
• /
• 2018

In the spring of 2018, opened-flowers of fruit trees were frozen to death due to abnormal low temperature around Jeonbuk Province and southern Gyeonggi Province areas. In the 2000s, abnormal weather is observed all over the world very frequently. As a consequence, various sectors of the society suffer from economic damage and negative effects of the abnormal weather. Moreover, recent global climate change is believed to increase the incidence of extreme weathers, which are out of the normal range of the local climate. It is necessary to identify these abnormal weather phenomena accurately and analyze the effects of them on crops in order to understand the effects of them on crop yields. This study projected the trend of the low-temperature occurrence in the future by predicting the changes in future flowering dates and quantifying the temperature distribution after flowering using climate change scenarios. This study targeted areas actually producing a major portion of pear, peach, and apple in South Korea. The results of this study predicted that the flowering dates of these fruits will be approximately 20 days earlier than the current normal year in the future (2071-2100) for the study area. Moreover, it was found that the distribution of low temperature would vary by fruit type and region to some degree. The results of this study present only a portion of fruit trees cultivars grown in South Korea. It was expected that, when this approach is applied to various crops and fruit trees, it will be possible to contribute to preparing countermeasures for climate change in the agricultural sector.

• Journal of Biosystems Engineering
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.23-32
• /
• 1990

Geometrical characteristics of fruit including perimeter, projected area and length of minor and major axis were calculated by computer programs to be used in fruit sorting by image processing system. The results are summerized as follows. 1. A program calculating perimeter, projected area, and length of minor and major axis by edge detection and chain code was developed. 2. Geometrical characteristics of given figures were calculated to verify the program and the discrepancies from the measured values were about 5%. 3. Regression models for estimating volums of apples were developed and regression coefficients for each variety were found. 4. Abnormal apples could be recognized by comparing the ratio of minor axis to major axis and the standard value was proposed.

• Food Science and Preservation
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.29-32
• /
• 2000

Storage life of grape cultivars including Kyoho(Inzuka), which were imported from Japan and are cultivated after adoption as farming application, were examined. The stu요 was accomplished with grapes packed by PE film under storage temperature $0^{\circ}C$ and humidity 90%RH loss of weight, Weight loss and occurrence of abnormal fruit increased in proportion to storage days. Abnormal fruits of Kyoho(izuka), North Black , and Seto giants increased rapidly after 60 days of storage, resulting in slight deterioration of commercial value. Similarly, this phenomenon of Campbell early , Takasumi , and Aki Queen occurred after 70 days of storage. External appearance decreased rapidly after 60 days of storage, resulting in 7.0 index of Takatsuma and Aki Queen , 3.0-3.6 of North Black and Seto Giants, and 5.0 of Campbell Early, kyoho (izuka0, and takasumi after 80 days of storage. Soluble solide content and titratable acidity showed a trend to be decreased with lapse of storage. Sugar/acid ratio shwoed much fluctuation between different grapes. Possible storage days, in view of more 70% merchandise berry ratio, were 90 days of Takatsuma and Aki Queen , 70 days of Campbell Early, 60 days of Takasumi , kyoho(Iizuka), and Seto giants, below 60 days of North Black.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.195-202
• /
• 2018

The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of spermine treatment on the growth, yield and quality in strawberry under low-temperature condition, and thereby develop a chemical method to minimize damages by low temperature in greenhouse cultivation. Spermine treatment significantly improved the growth of strawberry in terms of leaf number, leaf area, leaf length, leaf diameter, plant height and plant weight. The highest effect was observed in the 250 uM spermine treatment and the effect tended to be maintained during the entire growth period of 90 days. Fresh weight and dry weight were significantly different depending on the concentrations of spermine. Strawberry plants treated with 250 uM spermine showed higher fresh weight and dry weight compared to untreated control plants during the growth period. Fruit weight, fruit length and fruit diameter were relatively higher when treated with $100{\mu}M$ spermine compared to other treatments. The fruit yield was the highest with 14 fruits per plant at $250{\mu}M$ spermine treatment and the coloration of the fruit was the best at this treatment with the Hunter a and b values of 46.56 and 28.75, respectively. The hardness of strawberry fruit tended to increase higher than 2N at $250{\mu}M$ and $500{\mu}M$ 250 uM spermine treatment. The sugar content of strawberries treated with $250{\mu}M$ spermine was $9.5^{\circ}$ Bx which was $1.6^{\circ}$ Bx higher compared to that in untreated control. However, spermine treatment did not affect the acidity of fruit and it remained 0.68-0.76% regardless of treatment concentrations. These results suggest that spermine treatment has a positive effect on the growth and productivity of strawberry fruit under abnormal low-temperature condition. The positive effect was the highest at $250{\mu}M$ spermine treatment and gradually decreased in the order of $100{\mu}M$, $500{\mu}M$, and untreated control.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
• /
• v.24 no.6
• /
• pp.769-776
• /
• 2015

This study was conducted to determine the effects of high temperature and deficit irrigation on growth and yield of hot pepper. Hot pepper was subjected to four irrigation treatments: fully irrigation (FI), 10, 20, and 30 days deficit irrigation (DI) combination with high temperature treatment. Control plants were grown natural environment and conventional culture methods. The plant height treated with high temperature was significantly higher than that of control plant. At FI combination with high temperature treatment, growth parameters such as stem diameter, leaf area, fresh and dry weight were the greatest. The yield was the greatest (2,036 kg/10a) under control, DI combination with high temperature treatment decreased by approximately 42% compare with FI combination with high temperature treatment. The number of abnormal fruits was approximately 38/plant under control, which was the smallest and that of 30 days DI combination with high temperature was higher 3.3 times compare with control. Flower abscission and calcium deficiency induced by DI treatments, especially those physiological disorder promoted by increasing DI treatments period. Results indicated that yield of hot pepper reduced by DI treatments, these results suggest that the growers should irrigate to proper soil moisture for preventing reduction of total fruit yield.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.27 no.3
• /
• pp.213-221
• /
• 2018

We analyzed the skin coloration and anthocyanin composition of 'Kyoho' and 'Heukboseok' grape berries to determine the cause of poor coloring in 'Kyoho' berry skins under high temperature (HT) at veraison. Although the skin coloration inhibited in both 'Kyoho' and 'Heukboseok' berries under HT for 30 days from veraison, the total anthocyanin content in 'Heukboseok' berry skins increased to the level of control after the end of temperature treatment, but 'Kyoho' did not increase. Malvidin derivatives were most significantly reduced in 'Kyoho' berry skins, followed by those of delphinidin and petunidin. Among individual anthocyanins, diglucosides and acylated malvidin derivatives were most decreased in 'Kyoho' berry skins. Acylated and tri-hydroxylated anthocyanins were reduced more than those of non-acylated and dihydroxylated, respectively. All different types of anthocyanin components in 'Kyoho' berry skins decreased by HT, and they were similar to that of total anthocyanin. In 'Heukboseok' berry skins, accumulations of all different types of anthocyanins were inhibited by HT, and increased to the level of control after the end of the treatment. These results suggest that the poor coloration of 'Kyoho' under HT at veraison was not caused by the decrease of specific anthocyanins but because the whole anthocyanin biosynthesis was suppressed by HT.