• Title/Summary/Keyword: Abnormal change

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Assessment of Soil Erosion and Sedimentation in Cheoncheon Basin Considering Hourly Rainfall (시강우를 고려한 천천유역의 토양침식 및 퇴적 평가)

  • Kim, Seongwon;Lee, Daeeop;Jung, Sungho;Lee, Giha
    • Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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    • v.21 no.4
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    • pp.5-17
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    • 2020
  • In recent years, the frequency of heavy rainfall associated with high rainfall intensity has been continuously increasing due to the effects of climate change; and thus also causes an increase in watershed soil erosion. The existing estimation techniques, used for the prediction of soil erosion in Korea have limitations in predicting the: average soil erosion in watersheds, and the soil erosion associated with abnormal short-term rainfall events. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the characteristics of torrential rainfall, and utilize physics-based model to accurately determine the soil erosion characteristics of a watershed. In this study, the rainfall kinetic energy equation, in the form of power function, is proposed by applying the probability density function, to analyze the rainfall particle distribution. The distributed rainfall-erosion model, which utilizes the proposed rainfall kinetic energy equation, was utilized in this study to determine the soil erosion associated with various typhoon events that occurred at Cheoncheon watershed. As a result, the model efficiency parameters of the model for NSE and RMSE are 0.036 and 4.995 ppm, respectively. Therefore, the suggested soil erosion model, coupled with the proposed rainfall-energy estimation, shows accurate results in predicting soil erosion in a watershed due to short-term rainfall events.

Analysis of the Outdoor Design Conditions for Greenhouse Heating and Cooling Systems in Korea (온실의 냉난방시스템 설계용 외부기상조건 분석)

  • Nam, Sang-Woon;Shin, Hyun-Ho
    • Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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    • v.25 no.4
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    • pp.308-319
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    • 2016
  • In order to set the outdoor weather conditions to be applied to the design standard of the greenhouse heating and cooling system, outdoor air temperature and heating degree-hour for heating design, dry bulb temperature, wet bulb temperature and solar irradiance for cooling design were analyzed and presented. For every region in Korea, we used thirty years from 1981 to 2010 hourly weather data for analysis, which is the current standard of climatological normal provided by KMA. Since the use of standard weather data is limited, design weather conditions were obtained using the entire weather data for 30 years, and the average value of the entire data period was presented as a design standard. The design weather data with exceedance probability of 1, 2.5, and 5% were analyzed by the TAC method, and we presented the distribution map with exceedance probability of 1% for heating and 2.5% for cooling which are recommended by design standards. The changes of maximum heating load, seasonal heating load and maximum cooling load were examined by regions, exceedance probabilities, and setpoint temperatures. The proposed outdoor design conditions can be used not only directly for the greenhouse heating and cooling design, but also for the reinforcement of heating and cooling facilities and the establishment of energy saving measures. Recently, due to the climate change, sweltering heat in summer and abnormal temperature in winter are occurring frequently, so we need to analyze weather data periodically and revise the design standard at least every 10 years cycle.

Histopathological Studies of Mice after Administration of Radioactive Iodine($^{131}I$) (방사성동위원소옥소(放射性同位元素沃素)($^{131}I$)가 "마우스"의 주요장기(主要臟器)의 병리조직상(病理組織像)에 미치는 영향(影響)에 관(關)한 연구(硏究))

  • Ro, Chae-Song;Lee, Mun-Ho
    • The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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    • v.1 no.2
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    • pp.85-97
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    • 1967
  • Histopathological changes of various organs of the mice after intra-peritoneal injections of radioactive iodine ($^{131}I$) were experimentally observed. Sixity healthy female mice, weighing average 25 gm, devided into 6 groups, were used. The various doses of $^{131}I$ were injected intraperitoneally at different intervals. The histopathological changes after these treatments were observed in organs such as thyroids, parathyroids, livers, kidneys and gonads. Following were the results; 1) Thyroid: In the group A given $^{131}I$ with a single dose of $10{\mu}C$ per gm body weight, it was observed that the protoplasms of follicular epithelial cells were destroyed, the nuclei were expanded or dissoluted, showing pyknotic changes of nuclei and vacuolizations of protoplasms. In the group B given $^{131}I$ with a single dose of $5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight, hyperemias, hemorrhages and hyaline degenerations in the whole area were observed. In the group C given $^{131}I$ with 3 doses of $2.5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight every week, the thyroid parenchyms were destroyed and epithelial cells of varing size were observed in the fibrinous tissues. In the group D given $^{131}I$ with 6 doses of $0.5{\mu}C$ per gm body weight every week, some destroyed follicles and new borne follicles were observed. But the histopathological changes resemble the follicles of the normal thyroid gland. In the group E and F given $^{131}I$ with 8 and 10 doses of $0.2{\mu}C\;and\;0.01{\mu}C$ for each group per gm body weight every two days, both pyknotic changes of nuclei and cytoplasmic vacuolizations of the follicular epithelia, hypertrophies of follicles and abnormal irregular follicular structures were observed, and in the group F, lymphocytes appeared around the thyroid glands. 2) Parathyroid: In the group A, hyperemia, proliferations of connective tissues, karyorrhexes and vacuolizations were observed. In other experimental groups, no particular pathological change was observed. 3) Liver: The degnerative changes and acute or chronic inflammatory changes were observed in proportion to the amount of $^{131}I$ injected. Atrophies of the liver cells, dilatations of sinusoids, hyaline degenerations and necrotic pictures were observed. 4) Kidney: In the group A, congestions and infiltrations of mononuclear cells and granulocytes were observed around the cortical arteries, and in the group B, the degenerative changes of cortexes, and, in the group C and D, hydronephrotic changes were observed respectively, and hyaline degenerations were partially observed. 5) Gonad: In the group A, the follicles were degenerated. The ova in the follicles showed irregular figures. The changes in the group B were almost the same as in the group A, but the changes were mild. In the group C, the destructions of whole ova, the hypertrophies of ovarian follicular membranes and pyknotic changes of nuclei were observed. In the group D, the pathological changes were similar to that of group C, but mild in the grade. In the group E, almost none of ovarian follicular fluid was observed, and in the group F, the tissue pictures were almost similar to that of the normal group.

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Change of Survival and Reproductive Indicator of the Manila Clam, Ruditapes philippinarum Following Chronic Exposure to Naphthalene (나프탈렌에 노출된 바지락, Ruditapes philippinarum의 생존 및 생식지표 변화)

  • Jin, Young Guk;Kim, Tae Ik;Myeong, Jeong In;Hwang, Hyung Kyu;Park, Min Woo
    • The Korean Journal of Malacology
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.305-312
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    • 2012
  • Manila clam, Ruditapes philippinarum (SL; $32.74{\pm}2.18mm$, TW; $8.29{\pm}1.41g$, N; 450) were exposed to various concentrations of naphthalene for 20 weeks. Exposure concentrations of naphthalene established control, solvent control (ethanol), 30, 60, 90 and $120{\mu}g$ Nap $L^{-1}$ following results of 96h acute exposure. After exposure during 20 weeks, survival rate of the manila clam was lowed in 60, 90 and $120{\mu}g$ Nap $L^{-1}$ exposure group compared control group. Also, sex ratio of male was higher in $60{\mu}g$ Nap $L^{-1}$ exposure group (${\chi}^2=5.492$, P < 0.05) but lowed $90{\mu}g$ Nap $L^{-1}$ exposure group (${\chi}^2=4.214$, P < 0.05) and $120{\mu}g$ Nap $L^{-1}$ exposure group (${\chi}^2=30.118$, P < 0.05). Gonad development was delayed in female (> $60{\mu}g$ Nap $L^{-1}$) and male (> $30{\mu}g$ Nap $L^{-1}$). Intersex was 16.28% in female, 1.68% in male. In this result, naphthalene caused survival decrease, imbalance of sex ratio, delay of gonad development of the manila clam. Also, chronic exposure to naphthalene suggested abnormal effects in reproduction of the manila clam.

The Effect of Earnings Management on the Bond Grading (이익조정이 신용등급에 미치는 영향)

  • Kim, Yang-Gu;Kwon, Hyeok-Gi;Park, Sang-Bong
    • Management & Information Systems Review
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    • v.34 no.2
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    • pp.113-130
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    • 2015
  • This study considers the relation between firms' earnings management and credit rating. Unlike preceding papers only focusing earnings management by accrual(thereafter, AM), this paper examines the effect of accrual earnings management(AMs) and real earning management(thereafter, RM) on credit rating. RMs have more negative effects on firms' forward cash flow generation abilities and long term operating performances than AMs. So, RMs are more negative signals for credit analysts than AMs. But credit analysts have much difficulty in seeing through RM, because if credit analysts want to find out RMs, they have to understand firms' internal operating activities, cost structures, receivables collection practices, and review whether profit distortions are due to abnormal change of them. Sample of this study consists of 2,150firm-year data listed companies from 2002 to 2010. Empirical evidence shows that AMs and RMs are negatively related to credit rating. This result implies that credit analysts see through AMs and RMs in interpreting financial informations, that is to say, they discount credit rating in considering level of earnings management that consist of real activity and accrual earning management. This paper also finds that RMs are more negatively related to credit ratings than AMs. This result suggests that credit analysts don't take RMs into account in credit rating process as much as AMs.

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Real-time Natural Disaster Failure Analysis Information System Development using GIS Environment (GIS환경의 실시간 자연재해정보를 연계한 재해고장분석시스템 개발)

  • Ahn, Yeon-S.
    • Journal of Digital Contents Society
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    • v.10 no.4
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    • pp.639-648
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    • 2009
  • Earth's environment issues are introduced recently and every year the social loss have been occurred by the impact of various disaster. This kind of disaster and weather problems are the increasing reason of electricity transmission network equipment's failures because of exposing by the natural environment. The emergency and abnormal status of electricity equipment make the power outage of manufacturing plant and discomfort of people's lives. So, to protect the electricity equipment from the natural disasters and to supply the power to customer as stable, the supporting systems are required. In this paper, the research results are described the development process and the outcomes of the real-time natural disaster failure analysis information system including the describing about the impact of disaster and weather change, making the natural weather information, and linking the realtime monitoring system. As of development process, according to application development methodology, techniques are enumerated including the real time interface with related systems, the analysing the geographic information on the digital map using GIS application technology to extract the malfunction equipment potentially and to manage the equipments efficiently. Through this system makes remarkable performance it minimize the failures of the equipments, the increasing the efficiency of the equipment operation, the support of scientific information related on the mid-term enhancement plan, the savings on equipment investment, the quality upgrading of electricity supply, and the various supports in the field.

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Uncommon Causes of Hoarseness (타질환과 동반된 애성)

  • 윤희병;김미자;정대현;박승훈;박옥경;목정민;전승하;강주원
    • Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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    • 1982.05a
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    • pp.8.2-8
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    • 1982
  • Hoarseness is the change of voice quality which represents the abnormal function of phonation and is the main symtom of the laryngeal diseases. The etiology of hoarseness are known more than 50 causes, among them, viral upper respiratory infection is the main cause of hoarseness and the laryngeal nodule and polyp, laryngeal paralysis, laryngeal cancer, laryngeal papilloma and the laryngeal tuberculosis are the other causes of hoarseness in that order. Recently, the authors experienced 4 cases of uncommon etiology of hoarseness, so we present the cases with the brief review of literatures. Case 1. 29 years old male Admitted in Dept. of neurosurgery due to Traffic Accident. He had a trauma on the anterior neck. Hoarseness was developed on 1 month after the accident. Laryngoscopic finding; Paramedian paralysis of left vocal cord. Displacement of left arytenoid cartilage. Case 2. 53 years old male Admitted in Dept. of General Surgery due to Clonorchis Sinensis, under the general endotracheal anesthesia, Choledochostomy was performed. Laryngoscopic finding; Median paralysis of left vocal cord. Case 3. 56 years old male Admitted in Dept. of Internal Medicine due to Aortic Aneurysm. Hoarseness was developed on 3 months prior to admission. Laryngoscopic finding; Intermediated position paralysis of left vocal cord. Displacement of left arytenoid cartilage. Case 4. 74 years old male Admitted in Dept. of Internal Medicine due to Bronchogenic carcinoma. Hoarseness was developed on 3 years prior to admission. Laryngoscopic finding; Paramedian paralysis of right vocal cord.

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Effect of Selenium on Oocyte Maturation and Viability in vitro in Mouse (체외 배양시 생쥐난자의 성숙과 생존에 미치는 Selenium의 영향)

  • Choi, Eun-Jin;Hong, Soon-Gab;Kim, Hae-Kwon;Yoon, Yong-Dal;Lee, Joon-Yeong
    • Development and Reproduction
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    • v.10 no.2
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    • pp.115-125
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    • 2006
  • The present experiment was performed to confirm the effects of selenium on maturation and viability of mouse oocyte. Maturation of oocytes was observed by microscope, Germinal vesicle breakdown(GVBD) and polar body formation(PB) were confirmed at 2.5, 13 hours after in vitro culture. Viability of oocytes was observed by microscope. Normal and abnormal oocytes were distinguished by morphological change in vitro culture for 72 hours. Glutathione(GSH) content of collected oocytes from individual stage also was measured by glutathione assay using spectrophotometer. The results obtained were as follows; The low concentration of selenium($0.005\;{\mu}g/mL{\sim}0.5\;{\mu}g/mL$) increased the maturation rate of germinal vesicle(GV) oocytes to GVBD and PB oocytes. The high concentration of selenium($5\;{\mu}g/mL$) decreased the maturation rate. The low concentration of selenium increased the viability rate of PB oocytes. The high concentration of selenium did not affect the viability rate. The low concentration of selenium increased the GSH content in PB oocytes. The high concentration of selenium decreased GSH content. GSH content in PB oocyte was much higher than that in GVBD oocyte. The results indicate that the low concentration of selenium increases the maturation rate by helping quality elevation of oocyte and minimizing damages of oxidative stress generated from metabolism process. The low concentration of selenium also increases the viability rate by increasing GSH content.

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Clinical Change of Terminally Ill Cancer Patients at the End-of-life Time (임종 전 말기 암 환자의 임상 증상 및 징후의 변화)

  • Koh, Su-Jin;Lee, Kyung-Shik;Hong, Yeong-Seon;Yoo, Yang-Sook;Park, Hyea-Ja
    • Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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    • v.11 no.2
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    • pp.99-105
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    • 2008
  • Purpose: In terminally ill cancer patients, accurate prediction of survival is necessary for clinical and ethical reasons, especially in helping to avoid harm, discomfort and inappropriate therapies and in planning specific care strategies. The aim of the study was to investigate prognostic factor of dying patients. Methods: We enrolled the terminal cancer patients from Kangnam St. Mary's Hospital from 2004 until their death. We observed symptoms shown in dying patients and assess 17 common symptoms shown in terminally ill cancer patients, performance status, pain and analgesic use. Results: Average period from hospitalization to death was 11.7 days. The most important prognostic factor is performance status (KPS), average KPS at enrollment is 48% and at last 48 hours is 25%. Physical symptoms that have significant prognostic importance are poor oral intake, weakness, constipation, decreased Karnofsky performance status, bed sore, edema, jaundice, dry mouth, dyspnea. Dying patients showed markedly decreased systolic blood pressure, cyanosis, drowsiness, abnormal respiration, death rattle frequently at 48 hours before death. Conclusion: If we assess the symptoms more carefully, we can predict the more accurate prognosis. The communication about the prognostic information will influence the personal therapeutic decision and specific care planning.

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Automatic On-Chip Glitch-Free Backup Clock Changing Method for MCU Clock Failure Protection in Unsafe I/O Pin Noisy Environment (안전하지 않은 I/O핀 노이즈 환경에서 MCU 클럭 보호를 위한 자동 온칩 글리치 프리 백업 클럭 변환 기법)

  • An, Joonghyun;Youn, Jiae;Cho, Jeonghun;Park, Daejin
    • Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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    • v.52 no.12
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    • pp.99-108
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    • 2015
  • The embedded microcontroller which is operated by the logic gates synchronized on the clock pulse, is gradually used as main controller of mission-critical systems. Severe electrical situations such as high voltage/frequency surge may cause malfunctioning of the clock source. The tolerant system operation is required against the various external electric noise and means the robust design technique is becoming more important issue in system clock failure problems. In this paper, we propose on-chip backup clock change architecture for the automatic clock failure detection. For the this, we adopt the edge detector, noise canceller logic and glitch-free clock changer circuit. The implemented edge detector unit detects the abnormal low-frequency of the clock source and the delay chain circuit of the clock pulse by the noise canceller can cancel out the glitch clock. The externally invalid clock source by detecting the emergency status will be switched to back-up clock source by glitch-free clock changer circuit. The proposed circuits are evaluated by Verilog simulation and the fabricated IC is validated by using test equipment electrical field radiation noise