• Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.28-32
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• 2006

Purpose: Conventional chest X-ray and pulmonary function test cannot sensitively detect inhalation injury. Bronchoscopy is known to be the gold standard but it is invasive method. We evaluated whether lung inhalation/perfusion scans can sensitively detect inhalation injury of fire victims. Materials and Methods: Nineteen patients (male 9, female 10, mean age 31.6 yr) of fire victims were enrolled in this study. Inhalation lung scan was performed 2 days later after inhalation injury with $^{99m}Tc$-technegas. Perfusion lung scan was performed 4 days later with $^{99m}Tc$- MAA (macroaggregated albumin). Follow up lung scans were performed 16 and 18 days later for each. Chest X-ray was performed in all patients and bronchoscopy was performed in 17 of 19 patients at the same period. Pulmonary function test was performed in 9 patients. Results: Four of 19 patients showed inhalation and perfusion defects and one showed inhalation defect but, normal perfusion scan findings. These five patients with abnormal scan findings showed abnormal bronchoscopic findings and severe respiratory symptoms. On chest X-ray, 2 of them had pulmonary tuberculosis and one of them showed pulmonary congestion. FEV1 /FVC was abnormal in 3 patients. On the follow up scan, all patients with abnormal initial scan findings showed improved findings and they had improved clinical state. Conclusion: Inhalation/perfusion lung scans can detect inhalation burn injury noninvasively in early stage and may be useful in therapeutic decision making and follow up of patients.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.325-330
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• 2009

In Korea, medical diagnostic equipments and biochemical examination can not be used in order for diagnosing sub-healthy state or ante-disease state in oriental medicine clinic. So morphic analogical method used in oriental medicine can be a good tool as a disease-predictable signs in order to enable preventive diagnosis and therapy. Therefore the four geometrical subjects; Essence, Pneuma, Spirit, Blood(四科;精氣紳血) and the four taxonomical species; Pisces, Quadruped, Aves, Carapaces(四類;魚走鳥甲) are chosen as morphic models in this paper. The differences of two classifying methods with four subjects and four species were as follows. The diagnostic category was meta-medical and synthetic against medical specific. The diagnostic object was body in contrast with face. They were able to be applicant in psychology and classification of characteristics against diagnostics and therapeutics directly in oriental medicine. The theoretical basis was basic diagrams of four unit-fluids of body and morphological analogy with four animal species respectively. And the therapeutic aims were systemic pathogenesis following five phase theory against congestion and deficiency of Essence, Pneuma, Spirit, Blood. The four subjects and four species are mixed each other practically in clinic. But it should be used limitedly because of the above reasons described and must divide the principal and secondary factors and follow the pathology of principal shape factor. In order to improve the diagnostic value of ante-disease state, the discriminable standards, measurement methods, limit of interrelating interpretation and the criteria of abnormal disproportion were needed to be defined more clearly in advance.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.111-120
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• 2016

This is an experimental study to analyze the explosion and fire hazards of mobile phone batteries. Using the lithium-ion batteries currently used on smart phone as the experiment samples, the experiments were conducted by overcharging, internal and external short circuit, and thermal shock with the potential of explosion and fire caused by careless use or abnormal conditions. The experiment results showed that, in the case of overcharging and external short circuit, there was no explosion and fire hazard in the normal operation of the protection circuit module (PCM), but there were big risks when the PCM faulted conditions were assumed. In the case of the experiments by internal short circuit and thermal shock, such risks varied depending on a battery charge state. In other words, it could be verified that there were low risks of explosion and fire in a full discharge state, but there were high risks in a full charge state. These experiment results suggest that to minimize the explosion and fire hazards of mobile phone batteries, an alarm device is necessary when the PCM fault occurs. In addition, a solid battery case should be made and safety equipment, such as a cooling device to avoid high temperature, is needed.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.255-261
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• 2005

The purpose of this study is to compare hepatotoxicity of each treatment for dermatophytosis; one is the administration of the ketoconazole only and the other, ketoconazole with diphenyl-dimeththyl-dicarboxylate. Have chosen the range of 14-24 months of healthy dogs divided by two groups (group 1 and group 2) for the experiment of which test proved positive in dermatophytosis diagnosis and showed normal reaction in terms of physical examination, blood chemistry and especially of liver function. Group 1 was administrated ketoconazole orally at 10 mg/kg/day and of same dose of ketoconazole with diphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate for group 2. After administering, we have tested two groups by blood collecting every one week in order to check the differences of hepatotoxicity state through AST, ALT and r-GTP, the barometers of liver function which lasted for 12 weeks. Moreover, tested Indocyanine Green (ICG), known as susceptible gauge of function of excretion before starting the experiment and tested ICG as well after 12 weeks. The experiment of result the value of group 1 in AST, ALT and r-GTP has been highly rised after administering ketoconazole for 10 weeks meanwhile, of group 2 has shown a steady state troughout the whole experiment. For ICG test, we injected 0.5 mg/kg of ICG into a vein for both groups and tested the retention rate at regular interval of 15, 30, 45 minutes. The results of retention rate in two groups were similar to before the drug administration. However, after 12 weeks the retention rate of group 1 has been delayed, on the other hand, retention rate of group 2 were a steady state. In conclusion, the administration of ketoconazole only for a long period of time induced hepatotoxicity where as, the administration of ketoconazole with diphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate didn't induce hepatotoxicity. Therefore, when doctors prescribes for a dog with dermatophytosis should not administrate ketoconnazole itself but with diphenyl-dimethyl-dicarboxylate and one who has abnormal condition of liver function should not be prescribed ketoconazole treatment. If there is a case needed to prescribe ketoconazole treatment, the regular monitoring should be accompanied by at the same time.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.63-96
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• 2012

The PingMaiFa chapter, which is the second chapter of SongBon ShangHanLun, is the scholarly description(專論) of the pulse and pathological mechanism but has not been studied and published yet. This study is about article 1-13 which is the first part of The PingMaiFa chapter. We compared the original texts within the editions, comparing and analyzing the annotations of successive dynastic medical group. The articles of The SongBon ShangHanLun PingMaiFa chapter 1-13 is consisted as is shown: article 1 states about the general features of normal pulse (平脈) and its physiological mechanism and the morbid pulses (病脈) caused by wind, cold, retained fluid, pain and heat vexation, article 1,10 state about the normal pulses of Five viscera (lung, heart, spleen, liver and kidney) and their manipulations in pulse taking, article 2 states about the differentiations of deficiency and excess syndrome according to pulse conditions, article 3, 4 state about the estimation of good prognoses and a factitious disorder by the combination of pulses and symptoms, article 6 states about Latent qi (伏氣) and its diagnostic features, article 5 states about inspection and listening examination as co-diagnostic methods of the pulse diagnosis, article 7, 8, 9 state that the emotions, such as fear and shame, and the dietary are important factors to consider for making diagnosis, article 11 states about the overwhelming pulse (相乘脈) which indicates the abnormal correlations between five phases and appears in four patterns as the dissolute(縱), the unrighteous(橫), the unfavorable(逆) and the favorable(順), article 12 states about 6 harmful pulses(殘賊脈), which are string-like pulse(弦脈), tight pulse(緊脈), floating pulse(浮脈), slippery pulse(滑脈), sunken pulse(沈脈), rough pulse(澁脈), article 13 states about "JaeGoe"(災怪) which is an unexpected response after treatment and it comes because of the formulas that had before. Throughout all these articles, The PingMaiFa chapter not only offers great value for Pulse-taking diagnosis, but also leads to a better understanding of clinical applications.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.174-185
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• 1980

It was my great nohour that I can be exposed to such plenty materials of the coronary bypass surgery. Here, I am summarizing the xoronary bypass surgery, clinically. The material is serial 101 patients who underwent coronary bypass surgery between July 17, 1979 to November 30, 1979 in Shadyside Hospital, University of Pittsburgh. 1. Incidence of the Atherosclerosis is frequent in white, male, fiftieth who are living in industrialized country. It has been told the etiologic factor of the atherosclerosis is hereditary, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, smoking, drinking, diabetes, obesity, stress, etc. 2. The main and most frequent complication of the coronary atherosclerosis is angina pectoris. Angina pectoris is the chief cause of coronary bypass surgery and the other causes of coronary bypass surgery are obstruction of the left main coronary artery, unstable angina, papillary muscle disruption or malfunction and ventricular aneurysm complicated by coronary artery disease. 3. The preoperative clinical laboratory examination shows abnormal elevation of plasma lipid in 82 patint, plasma glucose in 40 patient, total CPK-MB in 24 patient stotal LDH in 22 patient out of 101 patient. 4. Abnormal ECG findings in preoperative examine were 29.1% myocardial infarction, 25.8% ischemia and injury, 14.6T conduction defect. 5. Also we had done Echocardiography, Tread Mill Test, Myocardial Scanning, Vectorcardiography and Lung function test to get adjunctive benefit in prediction of prognosis and accurate diagnosis. 6. The frequency of coronary atherosclerosis in main coronary arteries were LAD, RCA and Circumflex in that order. 7. The patients' main complaints which were became as etiologic factor undergoing coronary bypass surgery were angina, dyspnea, diaphoresis, dizziness, nausea and etc. 8. For the coronary bypass surgery, we used cardiopulmonary bypass machine, non-blood, diluting prime, cold cardioplegic solution and moderate cooling for the myocardial protection. 9. We got the grafted veins from Saphenous and Cephalic vein. Reversed and anastomosed between aorta and distal coronary A. using 5-0 and 7-0 prolene continuous suture. Occasionally we used internal mammary A. as an arterial blood source and anastomosed to the distal coronary A. and to side fashion. 10. The average cardiopulmonary bypass time for every graft was 43.9 min. and aortic clamp time was 23 minute. We could Rt. coronary A. bypass surgery only by stand by the cardiopulmonary machine and in the state of pumping heart. 11. Rates by the noumbers of graft were as follow : 21.8% single, 33.7% double, 26.7% triple, 13.9% quadruple, 3% quintuple and 1% was sixtuple graft. 12. combined procedures with coronary bypass surgery were 6% aneurysmectomy, 3% AVR, 1% MVR, 13% pacer implantation and 1% intraaortic ballon setting. 13. We could see the complete abolition of anginal pain after operation in 68% of patient, improvement 25.8%, no change in 3.1%, and there was unknown in 3%. 14. There were 4% immediate postoperative deaths, 13.5% some kinds of heart complication, 51.3% lung complications 33.3% pleural complications as prognosis.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.12C no.5 s.101
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• pp.649-658
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• 2005

Since the Network based attack Is extensive in the real state of damage, It is very important to detect intrusion quickly at the beginning. But the intrusion detection using supervised learning needs either the preprocessing enormous data or the manager's analysis. Also it has two difficulties to detect abnormal traffic that the manager's analysis might be incorrect and would miss the real time detection. In this paper, we propose a traffic attributes correlation analysis mechanism based on self-organizing maps(SOM) for the real-time intrusion detection. The proposed mechanism has three steps. First, with unsupervised learning build a map cluster composed of similar traffic. Second, label each map cluster to divide the map into normal traffic and abnormal traffic. In this step there is a rule which is created through the correlation analysis with SOM. At last, the mechanism would the process real-time detecting and updating gradually. During a lot of experiments the proposed mechanism has good performance in real-time intrusion to combine of unsupervised learning and supervised learning than that of supervised learning.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.38 no.7
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• pp.854-867
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• 2014

In the circumstance that high oil price state is continued over the world, the investment in crude oil development by oil major is a trend of increasing. Recently the number of delivered drill-ship for 5 years has been sharply increased all over the world and about twice than that of past 30 years. As addition to the increase of the drill-ship demand, the operation of drill-ships which is delivered recently is about 3,000 meters, ultra deep sea, on average and the work area is expending. Accordingly the drilling system including the size and length of pipe for drilling has been bigger and bigger and the power supply equipment for operation system also has large capacity. Unlike merchant vessel, high power and high voltage of diesel generators are required for drill-ship for which the demand for V-type 320 bore of diesel generator has increased. It is on the raised that the importance of lubrication oil cleaning for diesel generator on drill-ship which has longer time for construction, and also long term low load operation is unavoidable during commissioning of equipments. Recently it was reported that engine crankpin was damaged due to the hard contact caused by the abnormal wear down(Cam wear) on crankpin and bearing. The same pattern of wear down was found through the inspection on series vessels and the other vessel under commissioning. The purpose of this paper is to analyze of the wear mechanism based on the observation and theories and objective research from actual cases and to prepare the counter measures to avoid foreseeable damage when the lubricating oil is not properly cleaned.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.87-96
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• 2009

In conventional method, flight model is discribed to differential equation by linealization of nonlinear object motion equation. As state equation from differential equation of moving object, the controller is designed by transfer functions of each module under discrimination of stability criteria. But this conventional method is designed under limitation of nonlinearity from object's shape and speed. In other word, The greater part of guidance/navigation system was satisfied with the result of good performance for normal figure of flight object, not sudden changed flight condition, not high speed. But it is not able to give full play to its ability on flight object which has abnormal figure, sudden changeable motion, high speed. Therefore, in this paper was presented performance analysis of load control model for navigation/guidance system on flying object being uncertainty, non-linear like abnormal figure, sudden changeable motion, high speed and is presented method of trajectory control(controllability) ahead of controllability and stability to achieve flight mission. In other word, this paper shows the first step of Min-design method and flight control model.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.399-407
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• 2012

To evaluate age and gender differences in the relation of cardiovascular risk factors, cognitive impairment, and subclinical carotid atherosclerosis from aged people using by a cross sectional method. Sixty-nine healthy elders living in the community who had not previously undergone carotid ultrasonography were included. We conducted life style surveys, and cognitive function tests including Korean-mini-mental state examination (K-MMSE) and clinical dementia rating-Korean. Various biomarkers from blood were assessed; fasting insulin-like growth factor-1, lipid-profile, high sensitivity C-reactive protein, total homocysteine, glucose, insulin, Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) for insulin resistance index, vitamin B12, and folate level. Carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT), and plaques were measured using carotid ultrasonography and aortic ultrasonography, a valid index of atherosclerosis. For the elderly subjects (aged 65-82 years), cognition impairment was more prevalent in females while subclinical atherosclerosis was more prevalentin males. Increased C-IMT has been kept in males, and C-IMT shows increasing trend and the peak at about 80 year-old in females with increasing age. The significant correlations between C-IMT and many vascular risk factors including age, triglyceride, abnormal homocysteinein male, and K-MMSE, insulin, HOMA index and abnormal aortic ultrasonography in female were different in each gender, with the exception of homocysteine (p<0.05). This data suggests that there were differences of age and gender characteristics in terms of subclinical atherosclerosis, cognitive impairment and vascular risk factors in community-living elders. Further larger and longitudinal studies across entire age are required to better understand the effects of risk factors on subclinical atherosclerosis.