• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.177-183
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• 2012

Calcific tendinitis of hand and foot is rare and frequently misdiagnosed because of its rare incidence and its similar clinical presentation to other conditions such as infection. Awareness of the typical location as well as familiarity with the imaging findings is essential for making a correct diagnosis of this rare condition. We report four cases of calcific tendinitis of hand and foot, occurring in the flexor hallucis brevis, abductor digiti minimi, and abductor pollicis brevis.

• The Journal of Korean Physical Therapy
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.1-12
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• 1999

The aim of this study is to examine the sensitivity and characteristics of electromyography abnormalities detected by using various paramenters in patients with lumbosacral radiculopathies. EMG is widely used for disgnosing and localizing the level of radiculopathy. The results of the study were as follow : 1. In electromyography, L5 radiculopathy usa 95 cases(51.690). S1 radiculopathy was $45m(24.5\%)$ L4 radiculopathy was 18cases $(9.8\%)$, and L2, 3 radiculopathy was 8cases$(4.3\%)$. Remains 18cases$(9.8\%)$ had no definite radiculopathy. 2. Peroneal and tibial motor nerve conduction velocity studies were not significant as compared to the side to side. 3. Latency of H-reflex in L5 radiculopathy was $30.55\pm2.47$ in affected side, $29.47\pm2.29$ in unaffected side, in S1 radiculopathy was $33.00\pm2.03$ in affected side, R30.18\pm2.21$ in unaffected side. It was statistically significant(p<0.01). H-reflex mean difference of S1 radiculopathy group was significantly prolonged as compared to the L5 and S1 radiculopathies(p<0.001). 4. In L2, 3 radiculopathy, abnormal spontaneous activities and motor unit action potentials were showed high sensitivity in upper lumber paraspinal, hip adductors, quadriceps and iliopsoas muscles. 5. In L4 radiculopathy, lower lumbar paraspinal, tibialis anterior, quadriceps muscles were showed high sensitivity. 6. In L5 radiculopathy, lower lumbar paraspinal, extensor hallucis longus, extensor digitorum longus, peroneus longus, extensor digitorum brevis, gluteus maximus, tensor fasciae latae muscles were showed high sensitivity. 7. In S1 radiculopathy, lower lumbar paraspinal, gluteus maximus, peroneus longus, soleus, abductor hallucis, hamstrings, extensor digitorum brevis, extensor hallucis lognus, gastrocnemius muscles were showed high sensitivity.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.21-29
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• 2009

Objective : This study was carried to identify the anatomical component of FTMM(Foot Taeyang Meridian Muscle) in human lower limb, and further to help the accurate application to real acupuncture. Methods : FTM at the surface of the lower limb was labelled with latex. And cadaver was stripped off to demonstrate muscles, nerves and the others and to display the internal structures of FTMM, being divided into outer, middle, and inner layer. Results : FTMM in human lower limb is composed of muscles, nerves, ligaments etc. The internal composition of the FTMM in human lower limb are as follows : 1) Muscle : Gluteus maximus. biceps femoris, semitendinosus, gastrocnemius, triceps calf, fibularis brevis tendon, superior peroneal retinacula, calcaneofibular ligament, inferior extensor retinaculum, abductor digiti minimi, sheath of flexor tendon at outer layer, biceps femoris, semimembranosus, plantaris, soleus, posterior tibialis, fibularis brevis, extensor digitorum brevis, flexor digiti minimi at middle layer, and for the last time semimembranosus, adductor magnus, plantaris, popliteus, posterior tibialis, flexor hallucis longus, dorsal calcaneocuboidal ligament at inner layer. 2) Nerve : Inferior cluneal nerve, posterior femoral cutaneous n., sural cutaneous n., proper plantar branch of lateral plantar n. at outer layer, sciatic nerve, common peroneal n., medial sural cutaneous n., tibial n. at middle layer, and for the last time tibial nerve, flexor hallucis longus branch of tibial n. at inner layer. Conclusions : This study proves comparative differences from already established studies from the viewpoint of constituent elements of FTMM in the lower limb, and also in the aspect of substantial assay method. We can guess that there are conceptional differences between terms (that is, nerves which control muscles of FTMM and those which pass near by FTMM) in human anatomy.

• Annals of Clinical Neurophysiology
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2004

Background and Objectives: The proximal and distal nerve segments are preferentially involved in acquired demyelinating polyneuropathies (ADP). This study was undertaken in order to assess the usefulness of motor evoked potential (MEP) and somatosensory evoked potential (SSEP) in the detection of the proximal nerve lesion in ADP. Methods: MEP, SSEP and conventional NCS were performed in 6 consecutive patients with ADP (3 AIDP, 3 CIDP). MEP was recorded from abductor pollicis brevis and abductor hallucis using magnetic stimulation of the cortex and the cervical/lumbar spinal roots. SSEP were elicited by stimulating the median and posterior tibial nerves. Latency from cortex and cervical/lumbar roots, central motor conduction time (CMCT), EN1-CN2 interpeak latency were measured for comparison. Results: MEP was recorded in 24 limbs (12 upper and 12 lower limbs) and SSEP in 24 limbs (12 median nerve, 12 posterior tibial nerve). F-wave latency was prolonged in 25 motor nerves (25/34, 73.5%). Prolonged CML and PML were found in 41.7% (10/24) and 45.8% (11/24), respectively. Interside difference (ISD) of CMCT was abnormally increased in the upper extremity, 66.7% (4/6 pairs) in case of CML-PML. EN1-CN2 interpeak latency was abnormally prolonged in one median nerve (1/10) and LN1-P1 interpeak latency was normal in all posterior tibial nerves. Conclusions: MEP and SSEP may provide useful information for the proximal nerve and root lesion in ADP. MEP and SSEP is supplemental examination as well as complementary to conventional NCS.

• Journal of Haehwa Medicine
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

Objectives : This study was aimed to widen range of comprehesion about meridian muscle system through myological study of meridian muscle system and comparison with deep front arm line in anatomical train Methods : We have studied the similarity and difference between Hand Great Yin Lung Meridian Muscle System and Deep Front Line in Anatomical Train through Principles of Meridians & Acupoints, publications about myology, Anatomical trains. Results : I. Like another advanced studies, muscular system of hand great yin showed similarity to deep front line in anatomical train. II. It is considered that muscular system of hand great yin contains Musculus abductor pollicis brevis, Musculus extensor hallucis longus, Musculus brachioradialis, Musculus biceps brachii, Musculus subclavius, Musculus pectoralis major. III. Comparing muscular system of hand great yin to deep front arm line in anatomical train it showed similarity to part of muscles and pathological symptoms. But it showed difference to part of muscles and pathological symptoms. Conclusions : Hand Great Yin Lung meridian muscle system showed similarity and difference to deep front arm line in anatomical train. Further studies would be needed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.347-348
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• 2012

본 연구의 목적은 치과위생사의 근무환경, 근골격계 질환 예방교육에 대한 인식, 작업관련성 근골격계 질환과 근무특성과의 연관성에 대하여 알아보고자 하였으며, 근골격계 질환 증상 감소를 위한 관리방안을 제시하고자 한다. 전국(서울, 경기, 대구, 포항) 210명의 치과위생사를 대상으로2011년 8월 1일부터 12일까지 자기기입식 설문지 조사를 시행한 후 회수하여 응답이 불분명하거나 크게 사고를 당한 5명을 제외한 205명에 대해서 분석 하였다. 수집된 자료는 SPSS WIN 15.0 프로그램을 이용하여 분석하였다. 그 결과 근골격계질환 예방에 관한 교육을 받은 적이 없는 치위생사가 78.0%로 대부분을 차지하였으며, 근골격계 질환 예방프로그램이 필요하다고 인식하는 치과위생사가 93.2%로 대부분을 차지하였다. 신체부위별 통증빈도를 보면, 평균이 '어깨-목 사이(오른쪽)'가 3.07로 가장 높았고, 신체부위별 통증 정도를 보면, 평균이 '발목/종아리(왼쪽)'가 1.47로 가장 높게 나타났다. 신체부위별 근골격계 질환 통증경험 관련 작업능력 지장여부를 보면, 평균이 '무릎(오른쪽)'이 1.84로 가장 높게 나타났다. 손에 대한 근골격계 질환 증상으로는 오른손의 불편함 정도를 보면, 평균이 'Abductor hallucis muscle' 부분이 2.05로 가장 높았고, 왼손의 불편함 정도를 보면, 평균이 'Thumb' 부분이 1.69로 가장 높게 나타났다.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.135-144
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• 2009

Objective : The Meridian sinew is one of the meridian subsystems, which includes muscles distributed on the twelve meridian. This study was performed to understand which muscle is falling under 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew'. Methods : We have studied the literatures on meridian sinew theory and searched muscles which correspond to 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew' in anatomical muscular system. And we researched myofascial pain syndrome about the symptoms of the muscles falling under 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew'. Lastly we compared 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew' with 'Deep Frontal Line' - one of the anatomical trains. Results & Conclusion : 1. It is considered that 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew' includes flexor digitorum brevis muscle, abductor hallucis muscle, medial head of gastrocnemius muscle, flexor digitorum longus muscle, adductor muscle, iliopsoas muscle, erctor spinae muscle. 2. The symptoms of 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew' are similar to the myofascial pain syndrome with referred pain of the muscles falling under 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew'. 3. 'Deep frontal line' is similar to 'Foot lesser yin meridian sinew', but not exactly in neck & pelvic muscles.

• Korean Journal of Acupuncture
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.239-249
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• 2012

Objectives : This study was investigated to observe Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle in human. Methods : In order to expose components related to Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle, cadaver was dissected in the order of their depth; being respectively divided into superficial, middle, and deep layer. Results : Anatomical components related to Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle in human are composed of muscles such as flexor digitorum brevis tendon, abductor hallucis muscle, psoas major m., erector spinae m., and flexor retinaculum, fascia such as plantar aoneurosis, ligament such as sacrotuberal ligament, sacrospinous lig., nuchal lig., nerves such as plantar cut. br. of med. plantar nerve, med. crural cut. br. of saphenous n., br. of tibial n., post. femoral cut. n., spinal n.(dorsal rami of C4-6, T7-12, L1-3, and S1-3), and autonomic nervous system(sacral plexus, pelvic splanchnic n., etc.), and etc. Conclusions : This study shows comparative differences from established studies on anatomical components related to Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle, and the methodical aspects of analytic process. In addition, Foot Soeum Meridian Muscle in human is a comprehensive concept including the relevant nerves, but it remains questionable.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.46-53
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• 2017

Background: The MLA is supported by both the abductor hallucis (ABH) and the extrinsic muscles. Insufficient muscular support may lower the MLA when the body's weight is applied to the foot. The short foot exercise (SFE) is effective in increasing the height of the MLA for people with flat feet. Most of the research related to the SFE has simply evaluated the efficiency of the exercise using enhanced ABH electromyography (EMG) activation. Since the tibialis anterior (TA), peroneus longus (PER), and ABH are all involved in supporting the MLA, a new experiment design examining the EMG of the selected muscles during SFE should be applied to clarify its effect. Objects: Therefore, this study aimed to clarify the effect of the SFE in different ankle position on the MLA angle and the activation of both the intrinsic and extrinsic muscles and to determine the optimal position. Methods: 20 healthy subjects and 12 subjects with flat feet were recruited from Yonsei University. The surface EMG and camera were used to collect muscle activation amplitude of TA, PER, and ABH and to capture the image of MLA angle during SFE. The subjects performed the SFE while sitting in three different ankle positions-neutral (N), dorsiflexion (DF) at 30 degrees, and plantar flexion (PF) at 30 degrees. Results: ABH EMG amplitudes were significantly greater in N and DF than in PF (p<.05). Muscle activation ratio of TA to ABH was the lowest in PF (p<.05). MLA angle in both groups significantly decreased in PF (p<.01). The TA and ABH was activated at the highest level in DF. However, in PF, subjects significantly activated the ABH and PER with relatively low activation of TA. Conclusion: Therefore, researchers need to discuss which SFE condition most effectively use the arch support muscle for flat foot.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.9-18
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• 2017

Background: Short foot exercise (SFex) is often prescribed and performed in the sport and rehabilitation fields to strengthen intrinsic foot muscles. However, SFex is difficult to perform because of lack of feedback methods. Objects: The aim of this study was to compare the effects of SFex with and without electromyography (EMG) biofeedback on the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) of healthy individuals who maintained a static standing position. Methods: All participants (14 males and 12 females) were randomly divided into two groups (biofeedback and non-biofeedback groups). The EMG activity of the abductor hallucis (AbdH) and tibialis anterior (TA) and the MLA angle on the dominant leg side were measured with the participant in the standing position in the pre- and post-intervention conditions. The intervention session consisted of 15 minutes of SFex with (biofeedback group) or without (non-biofeedback group) EMG biofeedback. The groups were compared using two-way repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: The post-intervention activities of the AbdH muscle (p<.05) and the AbdH/TA ratio (p<.05) were significantly greater in the biofeedback group than in the non-biofeedback group. The activity of the TA (p<.05) and the MLA angle (p<.05) in the biofeedback group were significantly lower in the post-intervention condition than in the pre-intervention condition. Conclusion: The present findings demonstrate that the combination of SFex and EMG biofeedback can effectively facilitate the muscle activity of the AbdH and strengthen the medial longitudinal arch.