• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.483-487
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• 2020

In this study, the effects of suspension training according to the types of ground. Fourteen healthy male college students measured for the characteristics of core muscle activity in suspension training on two different types of grounds, normal flat and unstable ground using a gym ball. EMG (Electromyography) was exploited to measure the activity of the core muscles according to the types of the ground. Muscle activity of the abdominal muscles, external oblique muscles, internal oblique muscles, and lower lumbar standing muscles was measured. The variables in analyses were measured by the means of % MVC method to standardize the EMG signal according to the ground type for each core muscle. In order to verify the differences in core muscles according to the type of ground the paired t-tests were performed at the significance level of 0.05 (p<.05). As a result of measuring the activity of the core muscles according to the various types of grounds, the difference between muscle characteristics obtained in two different grounds did not appear to be statistically significant. However, the result is an important clue to reconsider the notion that the training effect on the unstable ground is generally superior to the effect on the stable ground in the core muscle training. The type of ground in the core muscle training has been found not to significantly affect the muscle activation according to the results of this study. Regardless of the type of exercise program, hence, the difference in muscle activation will not be insignificant even with the standardized program strengthening core muscles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.5 no.4
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• pp.535-542
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• 2010

연구의 목적 : 건강한 20대 성인 남녀에게 복부 강화 운동의 하나인 warm-up (head to toe)와 tongue-stretching 운동 시 복근의 근 활성도를 비교하는데 연구의 목적이 있다. 연구의 방법 : 본 연구는 12명의 건강한 20대 성인 남녀(남 5, 여 7)를 대상으로 하였으며, 평균 연령은 26세이다. 연구의 대상자는 복근에 sEMG 도자를 부착하여 두 운동 적용 시 복부 근활성도에 대한 남녀의 차이와 개별 운동 시 각 근육간의 근활성도 차이를 SPSS 13.0을 이용하여 분석하였으며, 두 운동 적용 시 global 근육과 local 근육간의 비율을 1이라 가정하고 기여도를 측정하였다. 연구의 결과 : 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 1) 두 운동을 적용 시 남녀의 차이는 없었다. 2) 두 운동 적용 시각 근육간 근활성도 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 배속빗근(internal oblique)는 차이를 보였다. 3) 두 운동 적용 시global 근육과 local 근육간의 비율은 배곧은근(rectus abdominis)과 배속빗근과의 비율은 3으로 배속빗근이 배 곧은근의 근활성도 보다 컸음을 보였으며, 배바깥빗근(exernal oblique)과 배속빗근과의 비율은 약 1.5로 배속빗근의 활성도가 컸다. 연구의 결론 : 복부 강화 운동의 하나인 warm-up과 tongue-stretching 운동을 적용 시 복근의 활성도를 비교한 결과에서 보여주듯이 local 근육 강화 운동 시 두 운동의 효과를 향후 분석하여 요통환자와 같이 복부 강화가 필요한 환자의 프로그램에 적용되어져 할 것이다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Integrative Medicine
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.67-80
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• 2013

Purpose : This study was to investigate effects of closed kinetic chain and open kinetic chain exercise on the lumbar stabilizarion. Methods : A total of 30 healthy over 20 years old college students(men = 14, women = 16) who were participated in this. We selected randomly people of CKC, OKC, and control group. For the past four weeks, CKC and OKC group worked out 3 times per week and then we compared within group and between groups on muscle width. Results : 1. The width of internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and multifidus were all significantly increased after four weeks exercise in the CKC group(P<.05). 2. The width of internal oblique, transverse abdominis, and multifidus were all increased after four weeks exercise in the OKC group but transverse abdominis musule only showed significant difference. 3. Difference values between pre-exercise and post-exercise of transverse abdominis and multifidus in the CKC group was significantly high and difference among the groups were significant. Conclusion : Accordingly, lumbar stabilizing exercise was more effective to increase a width of abdominal deep muscles through CKC exercise.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.736-741
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• 2010

Purpose: Radical surgical extirpation in advanced breast cancer patients produces extensive loss of skin with large defects requiring plastic surgical procedures for the closure. Many reconstructive methods exist, the choice of which depends upon the characteristic of the wound, extent of resection and patient comorbidities. For adequate coverage of the large skin defects following resection of advanced breast cancer, current authors have performed a thoracoabdominal flap. Methods: From August 2008 to June 2009, 4 cases of thoraco-abdominal flap were performed for chest wall reconstruction after mastectomy of advanced breast cancer. Flap dissection was entirely performed in a subfascial plane and the flap involving the external oblique abdominal muscle. The flap was rotated clockwise in left chest wall defects and counterclockwise in right chest defects and the donor site was closed directly. Results: Their mean age, 55.7 years and the average follow-up interval was 9 months. Patients' oncologic status ranged from stage IIIc to stage IV, it was classified according to the TNM staging system. Flap dimensions ranged between $15{\times}15$ and $25{\times}25\;cm$. One flap sustained a partial loss at the distal margin and revision with pectoralis major musculocutaneous island flap. Conclusion: Large chest wall reconstructions are usually required after radical excision of advanced cancer stages patients with poor general conditions. Thoracoabdominal flap is a simple, quick single-stage procedure, and offer to patient fast recovery, low complication rate, enabling further concomitant adjuvant therapy.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.375-378
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• 2018

In this report, we present a case of successful treatment of a bowel fistula in the open abdomen by perforator flaps and an aponeurosis plug. A 70-year-old man underwent total gastrectomy and developed anastomotic leakage and dehiscence of the abdominal wound a week later. He was dependent upon extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, continuous hemodiafiltration, and a respirator. Bowel fluids contaminated the open abdomen. Two months after the gastric operation, a plastic surgery team, in consultation with general surgeons, performed perforator flaps on both sides and constructed, as it were, a bridge of skin sealing the orifice of the fistula. The aponeurosis of the external oblique muscle was elevated with the flap to be used as a plug. The perforators of the flaps were identified on preoperative and intraoperative ultrasonography. This modality allowed us to locate the perforators precisely and to evaluate the perforators by assessing their diameters and performing a waveform analysis. The contamination decreased dramatically afterwards. The bare areas were gradually covered by skin grafts. The fistula was closed completely 18 days after the perforator flap. An ultrasound-guided perforator flap with an aponeurosis plug can be an option for patients suffering from an open abdomen with a bowel fistula.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.315-321
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• 2020

Purpose: Recent studies have indicated that applying different inclination angles and suspension devices could be a useful way of performing exercises that include the co-activation of the trunk muscles. Present study was to examine the influences of changes in the inclination angle during trunk muscle activity while engaging in a bridge exercise with a suspension device. Methods: 18 healthy, physically active male volunteers completed three trunk inclination angles (15°, 30°, and 45°) for bridge exercise variations. The surface electromyography responses of the rectus abdominis, internal oblique (IO), erector spinae (ES), and rectus femoris (RF), as well as the subjective difficulty (Borg RPE score), were investigated during these bridge exercises. Results: The bridge with a 45° inclination angle suspension significantly increased the muscular activities of the RA and RF and increased the Borg RPE scores (p<0.05). The bridge with a 15° suspension significantly elevated the ES activities when compared to the other conditions. Conclusion: The present study demonstrated that a higher inclination angle could not activate the overall trunk muscles during the bridge exercise. The RA and RF produced greater activation during the bridge exercise with the higher inclination angle. On the other hand, the activities of the erector spine were greater during the bridge exercise with the lower inclination angle. The present study suggests that applying a low trunk inclination angle for the supine bridge exercise is suitable for activating the erector spine muscles.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.113-121
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• 2022

PURPOSE: This study is examined the effects of vestibular stimulation through eye movement on balance and muscle activity. METHODS: In 42 healthy adults, no eye exercise was applied to both feet and one foot. The speed of smooth pursuit eye movement (.2 Hz, .3 Hz, and .5 Hz) and saccadic eye movement (.5 Hz and 1.1 Hz) were randomized. The measurements were taken three times for 30 seconds while standing on two feet and measured three times for 10 seconds while standing on one foot. The muscle activity measurement equipment was used to measure the electromyogram signals of the tibialis anterior, peroneus longus, gastrocnemius medialis, vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, biceps femoris, abdominal internal oblique, and erector spinae muscle. RESULTS: As a result of this study, when applying smooth pursuit eye movement on one leg, the pressure center movement increased, the muscle activity of the lower extremity increased, in the saccadic eye movement, and the center of pressure decreased. CONCLUSION: Accordingly, the smooth pursuit of eye movement, the intervention of this study, affects balance. Through this, the balance can be improved by applying eye movement to the target who needs to improve the balance ability.

• Physical Therapy Korea
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.16-25
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• 2010

The aim of this study was to determine the muscle activity of the abdominalis and erector spinae during bridging and unilateral bridging exercises on the firm surface, the sir-fit, and the foam roll. Eighteen healthy young subjects were recruited for this study. Surface electromyographic (EMG) activities were recorded from the both sides of the rectus abdominalis, external obliques, internal obliques, and erector spinae muscles during bridging and unilateral bridging-exercises. A one-way repeated analysis of variance was used to compare the EMG activity of each muscle according to the support surface condition. Differences in the EMG activities between the bridging and unilateral bridging exercises, and between the right and left side were assessed using a paired t-test. The study showed that the EMG activities of all of the muscles were significantly higher when the bridging exercise was performed using the foam roll or sit-fit than on the firm surface. The EMG activities of the right rectus abdominis, right external obliques, the right internal oblique, and both erector spinae were significantly higher during unilateral bridging ex exercise using the foam roll or the sit-fit than on the firm surface. The EMG activities of all of the muscles were significantly higher during the unilateral bridging exercise than during the bridging exercise. Based on these finding, performing the unilateral bridging exercise using the sit-fit or the foam roll is a useful method for facilitating trunk muscle strength and lumbar stability.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.331-338
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• 2013

This study conducted the following experiment to examine change of physicopsychological function on Dynamic Trunk Control Exercise(3D-DTCE) and Static Trunk Control Exercise (STCE) to chronic low back pain patients subject for lumbago therapy and management. Physical function was measured by equlibrium and lumbar muscle activities and psychological function was measured by self-efficacy on comparative analysis of pre, post exercise and each groups in 30 lumbago patient subject. Equlibrium was measured by total, front back and left right sway index, lumbar muscle activities were measured by abdominal rectus and oblique abdominalis, erector spinae and self efficacy with lumbago patients was measured index of self efficacy. These result lead us to the conclusion that each group were statistically improved at all physicopsychological test. but equlibrium and lumbar muscle activities were more statistically improved at DTCE group and self efficacy with lumbago patients were not differanced on each group. Consequently, DTCE would be lead to positive increment of physical function more than STCE.

• Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Science
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• v.12 no.3
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• pp.214-221
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• 2023

Objective: This study aimed to assess the impact of using the LED light electromyographyfeedback system (EMG-light) during Pilates exercises in women to maintain consistent muscle contraction in the abdominal external oblique muscles and reduce muscle contraction in the upper trapezius muscles. This study compared Pilates training using the EMG-light with Pilates training only in healthy women for 4 weeks. Design: This study was conducted as a cross-sectional study. Methods: A total of 17 healthy women were divided into an experimental group (n=9) and a control group (n=8). Both groups performed Pilates exercises as assigned, twice per week for four weeks, with each session lasting fifty minutes. The experimental group were used the EMG-light feedback system during pilates exercise while the control group did not use EMG-light. We used cervical vertebral angle (CVA), shoulder tilt angle to evaluate neck posture and standing balance with closed eye for 30s before and after exercise. Results: The control group exhibited a significant change in CVA (p<0.05). Both groups showed significant changes in shoulder tilt, center of pressure (COP) path-length, and COP velocity during eyes-closed conditions (p<0.05). However, there were significant differences between the experimental and control groups in terms of CVA, shoulder tilt, COP path-length, and COP velocity. Conclusions: This study demonstrated that Pilates exercises had positive effects on shoulder posture and balance. The use of EMG-light provided real-time visual feedback on muscle contraction during Pilates exercise. However, the experimental group did not show significant improvements compared to the control group, which performed Pilates exercises without feedback.