• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1359-1366
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• 2006

Purpose. This study was done to determine the effects of weight management program using self-efficacy in middle-aged obese women. The study also attempted to measure the effects of the program on the weight efficacy lifestyle, body composition, and depression. Method. The research design of this study was a nonequivalent control group pretest-posttest design. The experimental group consisted of 21 middle-aged obese women and another 21 middle-aged obese women in the control group. The women in the experimental group participated in the weight management program for 12 weeks using self-efficacy. The weight management program using self-efficacy included education on effects of exercise for weight control, aerobic exercise program, muscle training and counseling through the telephone. Results. After 12 weeks of participation in the program, BMI (p <.0001), body fat % (p <.0001), abdominal fat (p <.0001), in the experimental group were significantly decreased compared to the control group. Weight self-efficacy lifestyle (p <.0001) and depression (p =.006) in the experimental group were significantly improved after the program compared to the control group. According to these findings, weight management program self-efficacy for middle-aged obese women could increase weight efficacy lifestyle, and decrease depression, BMI, body fat, and abdominal fat. Conclusion. The result also suggested that the increasing weight efficacy and lifestyle help the obese women to perform and continue exercise. This program could be used in the community such as public health center for weight care and mental health promotion of middle-aged obese women.

• The Journal of Pediatrics of Korean Medicine
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.161-177
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• 2004

Objective : There have been many programs to treat childhood obesity, since childhood obesity has shown up as a social problem. The purpose of this study was to find out considerable matters to manage Childhood Obesity Treatment Program (COTP). Methods : This study was made with reference to clinical progress notes of children with obesity, visiting the oriental medicine center, to take COTP from July 30th, 2003 to August 25th, 2004. COTP was consist of abdominal aroma massage, abdominal low frequency acupuncture therapy, auricular acupuncture therapy and behavior modification. Results : 1. Seven children who taken COTP started fat from young age and three started from about ten-year-old ages. 2. Six children have fat fathers, a child has fat parents and three children have no fat family member. 3. The obesity levels of Obesity Index(OI), Body Mass Index(BMI) and Rohler Index(RI) were different, used for evaluating the result of treatment, though they are used for a child. The result of OI reflected more sensitive from changes of weight than those of BMI and RI. 4. We got the better results with numbers of treatment and exercise. Conclusions : More correct standard are needed to estimate degree childhood obesity. And it is necessary to carry out obesity treatment program with behavior modification, for children with obesity. to be healthy adults.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.195-204
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• 2005

The current study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary conjugated linoleic acid(CLA) on growth performance and body fat metabolism in broiler chickens. A total of 48 male birds aged 3 days were randomly allotted into three dietary groups; CORN(com oil 1.5%), CLA I (com oil 0.75 %+ CLA 0.75 %) and CLA II(CLA 1.5%) groups. After feeding commercial diet ad libitum for 3 weeks, eight selected birds on the basis of body weight were housed, two birds in a cage, and continuously given ad libitum corresponding experimental diet for another 2 weeks. As a result, dietary addition of CLA did not influence on body weight, gain and feed conversion rote. The relative weights of the liver and deposited fats(abdominal and thigh fat' pads) were not also affected by the dietary treatments. Serum glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol levels markedly( P < 0.05) decreased in CLA II compared with those in CORN group. However, serum nonesterified fatty acid(NEFA) was not altered by dietary CLA. Serum leptin level was tended to be decreased by dietary CLA without statistical difference. The diet supplemented with CLA caused a significant(P< 0.05) decrease in hepatic total lipid and NEFA without changing triglyceride level. Also, feeding dietary CLA at the level of 1.5% reduced leptin mRNA expression in the liver and abdominal fats compared with feeding com oil, In conclusion, our results suggest that dietary 1.5% CLA may affect, at least in part, lipid metabolism in the liver of broiler chickens.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.700-704
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• 2008

Anti-obesity effects of $\beta$-cyclodextrin in obese C57BL/6J mice induced by a high fat diet (HD) were observed. The administration of $\beta$-cyclodextrin reduced the gain of body weight, abdominal fat, liver weight, the lipid deposits of hepatocytes and the size of adipocytes in the HD group. In serum analysis, the total and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterols were significantly decreased in the $\beta$-cyclodextrin-supplemented HD group than in the HD group. However, high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol was not changed in these groups. In hypothalamic homogenates, the decrease of neuropeptide Y and increase of $\alpha$-melanocyte stimulating hormone were detected in the $\beta$-cyclodextrin-supplemented HD group compared to that in the HD group. These effects of $\beta$-cyclodextrin were similar to those of Garcinia cambogia, which is widely used as a natural anti-obesity product. These results suggest that $\beta$-cyclodextrin has anti-obesity effects through the lowering of the abdominal fat pad and inhibits the central effects of hunger.

• YAKHAK HOEJI
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• v.50 no.6
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• pp.381-385
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• 2006

Previously we have reported that black ginseng was produced by nine-time repeated steaming 5-year fresh ginsengs at 95${\circ}$C for 3hr in pottery apparatus and drying at 60${\circ}$C for 12${\sim}$36 hr and had an outstanding anticancer activity. This study was designed to examine the ability of black ginseng to suppress body weight gain appetite, and to investigate the effect of black ginseng on lipid profile in male rats fed normal diets. The extract of black ginseng was administered daily for 3 weeks, and the changes of body weight and food intake were measured. After administering the extracts for 3 weeks, the fat weight and serum lipid levels were also measured. Black ginseng persistently suppressed weigh gain and food intake was also reduced, but not significantly; The weight of both epididymal and abdominal fats was decreased In black ginseng-treated rats. Serum triglyceride level in rats administered with black ginseng was also significantly lowered. Therefore, these results reveal that the repeated administration of black ginseng causes a suppression of body weigh gain by decreasing triglyceride level in blood and body fat deposit.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.352-356
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• 1997

5 years Poodle was referred to the Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Chonnam National University in January 1997, with progressive swelling on the rear xiphoid process after cesarean section last year in local-vet clinic. Physical, radiographic, ultrasonographic and intraoperative findings that were obtained from this case were as follow; Physical findings were known as no pain, no fever in the hernia] sal at palpation. Radiographic findings revealed the decreased density of swelling contents more than peritoneum and did not identify the abdominal wall defect line. Ultrasonographic findings showed abdominal wall defect line of 3mm and intra-abdominal originated fat contents with mixed echo(hypoechoic). During the operation, falciform ligament into the hernial sac was observed and not excised, manipulated back into the cavity. The dog was given an herniorraphy with no recurrence and infection.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.127-139
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• 2012

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of an abdominal obesity management program on dietary intake, stress index, and waist to hip ratio (WHR) in abdominally obese women. The subjects were 195 adult abdominally obese women (WHR ${\geq}$ 0.80) who had been participating in a nutrition education (total of nine times) and dietary habits and life style modification programs (total of six times) for 12 weeks. The abdominal obesity management program focused on the nutrition provided by breakfast, lunch, and dinner, proper dietary habits, and practices to improve life style. The subjects were divided into a WHR decrease group and a WHR increase group according to changes in the WHR. Daily nutrient intake was assessed with a 3-day food record, body measurements and blood vessel age, stress index, and a health index that were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks. After the intervention, weight, waist circumference, hip circumference, WHR, and body mass index (BMI) decreased significantly in the WHR decrease group. Energy intake increased from 1486.2 kcal to 1541.4 kcal with a significant improvement in nutrient density for animal protein, total fat, animal fat, fiber, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, vitamin E, and saturated fatty acids in the WHR decrease group. Additionally, dietary diversity increased significantly in the WHR decrease group compared to that in the WHR increase group. The WHR decrease group showed a significant improvement in the stress and health indices. Changes in WHR were correlated with changes in nutrient intake (animal protein, total fat, animal fat, plant fat, fiber, calcium, iron, potassium, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, vitamin $B_6$, vitamin C, and folate) and medical index profiles (stress and indices) adjusted for age, birth status, baseline BMI, and baseline WHR. These results show that an abdominal obesity management program was effective not only for reducing the WHR but also to improve dietary intake and the stress index in abdominally obese women.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.23-29
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• 2018

Abdominal obesity is considered as one of the most risky factors governing the development of metabolic diseases. Here we identify that human chitinase 3-like 1 (CHI3L1, also called YKL-40 in human) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), rs883125, is associated with abdominal obesity in Korean women. Korean women subjects with the rs883125 G/G or C/G genotype present higher waist-hip ratio than subjects with C/C genotype suggesting that human subjects who G nucleotide substitution at the rs883125 tended to more accumulate intra-abdominal fat at the abdominal cavity. In addition, Chi3l1 gene expression is increased in adipose tissue from obese mice and pro-inflammatory cytokine enhances Chi3l1 expression in adipocytes, indicating that Chi3l1 is greatly related with obesity and obesity-induced pro-inflammatory responses. Taken together, the minor allele of rs883125 is associated with a higher prevalence of abdominal obesity in Korean women. These findings suggest that genotype of rs883125 can be a biomarker of incident abdominal obesity and abdominal obesity-related metabolic diseases.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.190-202
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of Gamimahaenggamseok-tang and Typhae Pollen on Body Weight and Lipid Metabolism of Rats with Obesity induced by high fat diet. Sixty four male Sprague-Dawley rats, around 250g of B.W., were divided into normal, control, sample A and sample B groups. Normal groups were orally administrated with saline and normal animal feed, and control groups with saline and high fat diet, sample A with liquid extract of Gamimahaenggamseok-tang and high fat diet, and sample B with liquid extract of Typhae Pollen and high fat diet. After 4 and 8 weeks administration, body weight, epididymal fat pad weight, weight of liverㆍspleenㆍkidney, abdominal skin fold thickness, feed intake, and lipid level in liver tissue on morphological examination; total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, triglyceride, free fatty acid, and phospholipid on serum examination were measured in all of the groups.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.201-209
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• 1997

The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible causal factors of obesity in women with child-bearing experiences in effects to provide optimal information for the prevention and/or treatment of obesity. Sventy one women with child-bearing experiences were divided into five groups based on the degree of obesity by BROCA method ; normal weight, overweight, and obesity which was further divided into three groups of light, moderate, and sever obesity. Various anthropomnetric measurements, overall eating habits, and dietery intakes were asessed for each groups. Out of eighteen anthropometric factors asociated with obesity, thirteen measurements were represented to be valid for the diagnosis of obesity. Body fat % which was analyzed by Bioelectrical Impedance fatnee Analyzer were 24.765, 28.05%, and 29.85 for normal, overweight, and obesity group respectively. WHR(waister to hip ratio) or BMI(body mass index) widely used index was also resulted to be valid as a predictor of obesity. Waist circumference which represents abdominal fat mass showed a good correlatin with body fat%. The analysis of dietary intakes suggested that the overintakes of total calorie may not be the only causal factor of obesity, rather the amount of daily protein, fat and carbohydrate intakes or the physical activity level would be more closely related with the prevalence of obesity. Further investigation considering more variety of food composition of diet and the activity level involving larger number of subjects would be needed.