• Journal of rehabilitation welfare engineering & assistive technology
• /
• v.11 no.3
• /
• pp.239-245
• /
• 2017

In the current study, the relationships between abdominal adipose tissue depots and skinfold thickness, body circumference and composition, and blood lipids and pressure were investigated in adolescent obese man. Total abdominal adipose tissue (TAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) were correlated with skinfold thickness. Especially subscapular skinfold was highly correlated with TAT and SAT, and it was found that chest skinfold was the only predictor for estimating visceral adipose tissue (VAT). Body circumference and body composition were associated with TAT and SAT, not VAT, and correlation coefficient of waist circumference was highest. On the other hand, body fat mass was highly correlated with TAT and SAT than %body fat and fat free mass. It was also shown that blood triglyceride concentration and systolic blood pressure were the only predictor for estimating VAT and SAT respectively.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
• /
• v.16 no.4
• /
• pp.527-533
• /
• 2005

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to validate waist circumference (WC) and waist to hip ratio (WHR) corresponding to body mass index (BMI) of $25kg/m^2$ and to survey the prevalence of hypertension according to obesity in female college students. Method: Weight, height, waist and hip circumferences and blood pressure were measured for each of 286 female college students in J City, Chungbuk. Results: The subjects' mean BMI was $21.4kg/m^2$, and the estimated prevalence of obesity was 11.2%. The subjects, the 80th-90th percentile of whom had BMI exceeding $25kg/m^2$, were found to have WC of 75-78.1 cm and WHR of 0.79-0.80, respectively. Of the subjects with obesity($BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$), 53.1% exhibited abdominal obesity ($WC{\geq}80cm$) and 40.6% had WHR over 0.80. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure were correlated with BMI, WC, and WHR. The prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with obesity($BMI{\geq}25kg/m^2$) was 25%. Additionally, the prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with abdominal obesity ($WC{\geq}80cm$) was 39.1%. Conclusions: Our study indicates that WC corresponding to BMI of $25kg/m^2$ in female subjects in their twenties is different from that of adult women. We also found that the prevalence rate of hypertension in subjects with abdominal obesity was high. Therefore. we suggest further studies to determine the cutoff value of WC for evaluating abdominal obesity and to investigate the long-term effects of obesity on women in their twenties.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• v.45 no.5
• /
• pp.316-322
• /
• 2012

Objectives: Abdominal obesity increases mortality and morbidity from cardiovascular disease and there is a possibility that smoking effects obesity. However, previous studies concerning the effects of smoking on obesity are inconsistent. The objective of this study was to examine whether smoking is positively related to abdominal obesity in men with type 2 diabetes. Methods: Subjects consisted of 2197 type 2 diabetic patients who visited Huh's Diabetes Center from 2003 to 2009. Indices of abdominal obesity were defined as visceral fat thickness (VFT) measured by ultrasonography and waist circumference (WC). Overall obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI). Results: Statistically significant differences in WC and VFT by smoking status were identified. However, there was no statistical difference in BMI according to smoking status. Means of WC and VFT were not significantly higher in heavy smokers and lower in mild smokers. Compared to nonsmokers, the BMI confounder adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval for VFT in ex-smokers and current-smokers were 1.70 (1.21 to 2.39) and 1.86 (1.27 to 2.73), respectively. Conclusions: Smoking status was positively associated with abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetic patients.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
• /
• v.47 no.6
• /
• pp.403-415
• /
• 2014

Purpose: This study was conducted in order to investigate the nutrient and food intake status, and dietary quality in Korean adults according to abdominal obesity based on waist circumference. Methods: We analyzed data from the combined 2010~2012 KNHANES (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey). The analysis included 6,974 adults aged 40 to 64 years. In this study, according to abdominal obesity based on waist circumference (male ${\geq}$ 90 cm, female ${\geq}$ 85 cm), we classified the subjects into the obesity group (male, n = 775, female, n = 1,113) and control group (male, n = 2,038, female, n = 3,048). The nutrient and food group intake, ND (nutrient density), NAR (nutrient adequacy ratio), MAR (mean adequacy ratio), INQ (index of nutritional quality), DDS (dietary diversity score), and DVS (dietary variety score) were analyzed using data from the 24-recall method. Results: For male, no significant difference in quality index of the diet was observed between the obesity group and the normal group. In female, in diet quality (ND, NAR, and INQ), vitamin $B_2$ (ND, NAR, and INQ) calcium (NAR), phosphorous (ND, INQ) and potassium (ND) of the obesity group was significantly lower than those of the control group. DDS and DVS in the obesity group (3.57, 30.95) were significantly lower than those of the control group (3.68, 32.84) (p = 0.0043, 0.0002). DVS (DVS ${\geq}$ 39.9) showed association with lower risk of waist obesity in a logistic regression model after adjustments for multiple confounding factors including age, education, income, alcohol intake frequency, smoking, physical activity, energy intake, and body mass index (OR: 0.616, 95% CI: 0.420-0.903). Conclusion: In conclusion, females with abdominal obesity had lower micronutrient intake quality, DVS than those of the control group. In Korean females, food intake variety can adversely affect waist circumference.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.40 no.5
• /
• pp.865-872
• /
• 2019

Objective: The aim of this case report was to describe the effect of Hyeolgusamhwa-tang (絜矩三和湯 ) on abdominal distension caused by Qi (氣脹) in a patient with functional dyspepsia. Methods: A female Korean patient was treated with Hyeolgusamhwa-tang and acupuncture for 14 days. We observed objective symptoms, such as bloating, nausea, belching, loss of appetite, and heartburn, and we also measured her abdominal circumference. Results: After treatment, her abdominal circumference was decreased from 87 cm to 83.5 cm, and her food intake was improved from the baseline. The other objective symptoms, like general weakness, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort, and heartburn, were improved or disappeared without any adverse events reported. However, we could not find any significant differences for some symptoms, such as nausea. Conclusions: This case suggests that Hyeolgusamhwa-tang and acupuncture therapy could be effective in reducing functional distension in patients diagnosed with distension caused by Qi (氣脹).

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
• /
• v.62 no.7
• /
• pp.261-268
• /
• 2019

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the time trends of waist circumference (WC) and waist-height ratio (WHR), and to present WC and WHR distributions with optimal WHR cutoff for abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from 13,257 children and adolescents (6,987 boys and 6,270 girls) aged 6-18 years who were included in the third to sixth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES, 2005-2015). Linear regression analyses were used to identify secular changes in WC and WHR by age, sex, and KNHANES waves. A receiver operating characteristic curve analysis was used to determine the optimal WHR cutoff values for abdominal obesity and cardiometabolic risk factors. Results: The mean WC and WHR distributions from 2005 to 2015 showed no significant secular changes between the KNHANES 4 waves (P for trend ${\geq}0.05$ in all ages and both sexes). The mean WCs in the present study were lower than those in the 2007 Korean National Growth Charts. The mean WHR at ages <13 years was statistically higher in the boys than in the girls, but did not significantly differ between the sexes among those aged 13 to 18 years. The optimal WHR cutoff for abdominal obesity was 0.48 (area under the curve, 0.985; 95% confidence interval, 0.985-0.985) in the 13- to 18-year-old adolescents. Conclusion: WC and WHR showed no secular changes over 10 years. The optimal WHR cutoff for abdominal obesity of 0.48 is useful for diagnosing and managing obesity and thus preventing obesity-related cardiometabolic complications in 13- to 18-year-old Korean adolescents.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
• /
• v.44 no.2
• /
• pp.39-45
• /
• 2012

The purpose of this study was to determine the association between serum uric acid, abdominal obesity, and waist circumference (WC) in Korean. A total of 208 healthy examinees were examined at Gimcheon Medical Center from July 2011 to December 2011. WC and body mass index (BMI) of subjects were measured as well as blood pressure, fasting blood sugar level, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) and Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, C-reactive protein (CRP), triglycerides, and serum uric acid (SUA). In both men (p<0.05) and women (p<0.01), BMI and SUA were significantly correlated with WC. In men, triglycerides (r=0.501, p<0.01) had a positive correlation with WC, and CRP (r=0.442, p<0.01) had a positive correlation with BMI. In women, triglycerides (r=0.470, p<0.01) and CRP (r=0.366, p<0.01) had a positive correlation with WC. Therefore, WC and SUA may be the most effective anthropometric indices of obesity for screening Korean population.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.149-152
• /
• 2015

The aim of this study is to report clinical progresses on localized fat. We devised the method of treat localized fat using acupotomy with selective cryolysis. We selected 4 subjects among the patients who maintained their body weight (within 5%) to minimize effects of losing weight. We practiced acupotomy with selective cryolysis therapy on 4 lesion of abdominal fat, 2 lesion of upper arm fat, 5 times for 2 month. All subjects had loss of abdominal circumference, and 1 subject had significantly loss of upper arm circumference. And there was no adverse effects. It shows that method of using acupotomy with selective cryolysis may be effective on localized fat.

• The Journal of Internal Korean Medicine
• /
• v.37 no.1
• /
• pp.135-142
• /
• 2016

Objectives: To introduce the effect of traditional Korean medicine (TKM) treatment with Injinoryeong-san on alcoholic liver cirrhosis (ALC).Methods: A 37-year-old man with a history of alcohol ingestion for the past five years was diagnosed with ALC based upon his clinical symptoms, sonogram results, and laboratory studies. The patient received TKM treatment with acupuncture, moxibustion, and Injinoryeong-san in parallel to Western medicine for two weeks. The clinical assessment was monitored based upon changes in the Child-Pugh score and ultrasonography, body weight, and abdominal circumference for measuring the amount of ascites.Results: The patient’s clinical symptoms improved with decreases in abdominal circumference and body weight. Ultrasound revealed a regression of the amount of ascites in the abdominal cavity. Laboratory results also improved significantly, and the Child-Pugh score increased from class B to A.Conclusions: This case report showed a significant improvement of ALC with relatively simple treatment for only a short period and therefore supported the potential of TKM treatment in ALC.

• Journal of Korean Medicine for Obesity Research
• /
• v.15 no.2
• /
• pp.144-148
• /
• 2015

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of pharmacopuncture combined thread implantation therapy for treating localized obesity. The study was conducted on 3 subjects with abdominal localized fat, 1 subject with thigh and 1 subject with calf localized fat. We practiced two kinds of pharmacopunture, which were cultivated wild ginseng and contacting Ephedra sinica pharmacopuncture. In addition, we practiced thread implantation to 20 points on muscle membrane layer. We performed these treatments once in 2 weeks, totally for 3 times. After treatments, abdominal circumference and waist-hip ratio were reduced by 4.6 % and 0.13, respectively. In addition, circumferences of thigh and calf were reduced by 5.8 % and 4%. We supposed that this combined therapy could be useful to deal with localized fat deposit. Long-term evaluation and further studies are required to identify effect size of this therapy.