• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.5
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• pp.830-837
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• 2015

A study which is to develop the low-cost urban railway system for low-density line such as Gwang-ju subway Line 2 is in progress, and its TCS(Train Control System) is required as an economic system which is able to train operation suitable in low-density line. We have developed the signaling equipment which is configured with automatic block system between stations, and the control center's equipment in order to meet the requirements of TCS mentioned above. In this paper, we propose the control procedure of ATS to be required for train operation management in the low-density line such as Gwang-ju subway Line 2. The control procedure of ATS considered all features such as the requirements analysis for train operation management, the functions of train control system to be applied and the block type. Also, it considered the station(interlocking, passenger, turn-back) type, station control(stop, route, departure, turn-back departure, turn-back) type, and train operation management for exiting and entering depot. The ATS control procedure proposed in this paper has an advantage in the cost and efficiency through unification and optimization of its function. And in cost of operating and maintenance, the ATS system has a feature that can be significantly reduced.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.20 no.3
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• pp.81-90
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• 2007

Purpose: This study was conducted to investigate the muscle anti-fatigue effects of Allii tuberosi semen after long term administration. Materials and Methods: 4-6 weeks old ICR mice were used in this study and we administered the water soluble extracts of Allii tuberosi semen in the concentration of 1, 10 and 100mg/0.3ml to each 5 mice (ATS group) and same volume of normal saline was administered to 5 mice (control group) once a day for 90 or 120 days. After the administration we performed the swimming exercise test and the grip strength test. And we measured the concentration of glucose and the activity of lactate dehydrogenase in plasma regarded as biochemical indicator related with the muscular fatigue. Results: In swimming exercise test, all ATS groups showed increased time compared with relative control group after 90 days administration. But after 120 days adminstration 10 and 100mg/0.3ml ATS groups showed increased results. In grip strength test, all ATS group increased grip strength after 90 days administration and 10mg/0.3ml ATS group showed increased result after 120 days administration. All the results of plasma glucose didn't showed statistically significant difference after 90 and 120 days administration. In the plasma concentration of activity level of lactate dehydrogenase, 1mg/0.3ml and 10mg/0.3ml ATS groups showed decreased concentration compared with relative control group after 90 days administration. But after 120 days adminstration 1mg/0.3ml ATS groups showed decreased results. Conclusion: From this study we could find the anti-fatigue effect of Allii tuberosi semen in the muscle strength related test.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.15-21
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• 2023

This study was purpose to assessment of the resolution characteristics by using ATS 535H Basic quality assurance (QA) phantom for ultrasound. The ultrasound equipment was used Logiq P6 (Ultrasound, GE Healthcare System, Chicago, IL, USA). And the ultrasound transducer were used Convex 4C (4~5.5 MHz), Linear 11L (10~13 MHz), Sector 3SP (3~5.5 MHz) probe. As for the noise power spectrum (NPS) comparison results by using ATS 535H Basic QA ultrasound phantom and Convex 4C, Linear 11L, Sector 3SP probe. The NPS value of the Convex 4C probe image was 0.0049, Linear 11L probe image was 0.0049, Sector 3SP probe image was 0.1422 when the frequency is 1.0 mm^-1. The modulation transfer function (MTF) comparison results by using ATS 535H Basic QA ultrasound phantom and Linear 11L probe the MTF value of the 3 cm focus image was 0.7511 and 4 cm focus image was 0.9001 when the frequency is 1.0 mm^-1. This study was presented characteristics of spatial resolution a quantitative evaluation methods by using ultrasound medical images for QA of ultrasound medical QA phantom. The quality control (QC) for equipment maintenance can be efficiently used in the clinic due to the quantitative evaluation of the NPS and MTF as the standard methods. It is meaningful in that it is applied mutatis mutandis and presented the results of physical resolution characteristics of the ultrasound medical image.

• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.225-229
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• 1993

The objective of this research was to characterize the effect of ammonium thiosulfate(ATS) on soil urease activity and the influence of temperature and soil pH on inhibition of urea hydrolysis by ATS. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. Percent inhibition of urea hydrolysis ranged from 1.5~14.3% with 5% addition of ATS to urea to 7.6~20.5% with 10% inclusion at $25^{\circ}C$, which levels were lower than that of thiourea. 2. The effect of ATS on urease inhibition was greater in low temperature han high temperature. The addition of 10% ATS resulted in 62.6% and 41.7% inhibition of urea hydrolysis at $10^{\circ}C$ and $15^{\circ}C$, respectively. 3. The inhibitory effects of ATS were found rapidly or slowly at different soil pH. The inhibition of urease activity was showed after 24 hours at pH 6.0 and 6.5, while the hydrolysis of urea was inhibited by ATS after 48 hourse at pH 5.0, 7.0 and 7.5. Urea hydrolysis inhibitions after 72 hours incubation were similar at all pH tested. Therefore effects of ATS did not correlate with soil pH.

• The Journal of Korean Obstetrics and Gynecology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.41-54
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• 2006

Purpose : These studies were undertaken to evaluate the effects of Allii tuberosi Semen (ATS) on the spermatogenic abilities such as concentration, motility and morphological normality of sperm from the testis and the activities of sperm hyaluronidase, testicular peroxidase and testicular catalase. Materials and Methods : We used the 8-week-old mice and administered the 0.2 ml extract solution of ATS in the different concentration (0.1 mg/ml, 1 mg/ml, 10 mg/ml and 100 mg/ml) once a day for 60 days. The control group was administered the distilled water in the same way. After the administration of each extract solution, we examined the number of total, motile and normal sperm, the activities of sperm hyaluronidase, testicular peroxidase and testicular catalase. Also we observed the histological changes of isolated testis. And we compared to the testicular tissue especially seminiferous tubules between control and treated group by histochemical methods. Results : The concentration of total sperm, the motility and normality of spermatozoa were significantly increased in ATS groups, especially in 1 and 10 mg/ml groups, compared to control group. In the histological analysis of the testicular tissues, the enlargement of testicular lobe diameter and apparent vasculogenesis between testicular lobes were observed in the ATS groups compared to the control group, respectively. Also, the activity of hyaluronidase was significantly increased in the ATS groups compared to the control group. In the antioxidant activity analysis, the activity of testicular peroxidase was significantly increased in the ATS groups compared to the control group, especially in 1 mg/ ml group. The activity of testicular catalase was increased in ATS groups. Conclusion : This study shows that ATS has the beneficial effect on the concentration, morphology and motility of sperm, the activities of sperm hyaluronidase and testicular peroxidase. We can suggest that ATS extract solution be useful for the treatment of male sexual dysfunctions and infertility.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.702-708
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• 2016

The railway signaling system has evolved to maximize its safety and maintainability based on the experiences in the construction and operation of railway systems. The newly developed systems was established to cope with the changes in an operating environment. In the process of a transition to the new system, both the existing ATS (Automatic Train Stop) and new ATP/ATO (Automatic Train Protection/Automatic Train Operation) systems are operating simultaneously in parallel. In this situation, modifications of the conditions of the interlocking diagram and logic are necessarily required on the existing ATS systems due to the frequent improvements in signaling equipment. This paper reports the enhancement of safety and operational efficiency of the system through an improvement of the security and the interlocking conditions of the existing ATS systems. The independent display of signals for each track was ensured to avoid giving the effect of On/Off signals for the selected track on the opposite side, and the security was improved by adjusting the position and interlocking conditions. In addition, the increased traffic density of railway systems was achieved by removing the unnecessary conditions and detailed signal display, which resulted in enhanced operational efficiency.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.64 no.7
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• pp.1019-1025
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• 2015

The performance requirements on the safety-based functionality of railway signal systems have been reinforced and the effort for enhancement of the existing system or development of the new system is being accordingly made. In particular, various technical researches on replacement or improvement of the existing ATS(Automatic Train Stop) signaling system are now in progress for better operational efficiency. In this study, the complementary points for improvement or replacement of the currently used system(i.e., ATS) will be derived in terms of operating efficiency in an integrated operating environment with the newly introduced system(e.g., ATC: Automatic Train Control). This study can contribute to derive the need for improvement of the signaling system by checking the interface problems and comparing between different systems through the analysis of real operation cases in the field. Eventually, this analysis can be applied to prevent and estimate the collision accidents can be caused by the failure of the signaling system in advance. In addition, the results can be used to provide a future direction to secure the reliability in the parallel operation by integration based on different railway signaling systems.

• The Transactions of The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
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• v.61 no.3
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• pp.384-393
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• 2012

Railroad signaling systems perform controlling the distance and routes between trains. Signaling methods on the wayside are to control passively the train speed by using signal flags which are installed on the wayside. ATS(Automatic Train Stop) device is used as the signaling method on the wayside in Korea. The ATS device is assistance equipment of engineers. Signal information is transmitted by combining mutual inductance between the wayside transmitter and on-board receiver. The wayside transmitter performs changing oscillation frequency according to the signal information. The on-board receiver performs controlling the train by receiving the frequency. Currently, the oscillation frequency on the on-board receiver is 78[kHz] in case of normal state. When the on-board receiver is over the wayside transmitter, the oscillation frequency is changed by capacitors of the wayside transmitter according to signal flags. In case of changing the oscillation frequency, the waveform is modified in the wayside transmitter and on-board receiver. This phenomenon is that other signals or communication frequency are included. In this paper, electric model between the wayside transmitter and on-board receiver is suggested and frequency response in the wayside transmitter and on-board receiver including other signals is estimated by the coupling coefficient. Also, the value of coupling coefficient is proposed to exclude other signals and demonstrated by using Matlab and PSpice program.

• International Journal of Railway
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.77-83
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• 2012

Railroad signaling systems are to control intervals and routes of trains. There are ATS, ATP, ATO and ATC system. Trains are operated in the section which is met on the signaling system because various signaling systems are used in Korea. Hence, trains are not operated in the section which is used in the other signaling system. To solve this problem, recently combined on-board system has been developed. The combined on-board system designed by doubling the ATS, ATP and ATC system to ensure the safety of system. The inductance of antenna is change and in return the resonance frequency of antenna is varied by the electromagnetic induction. Therefore, the information signal is not received exactly in the combined on-board system and in return accidents between trains occur. In this paper, electric model of the combined on-board system for considering the ATS and ATP antenna is presented. Moreover, the mutual inductance including the distance between the ATS and ATP antenna is calculated. As a result of the frequency response of the antennas, the mutual inductance met on operation range of resonance frequency is defined.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.456-461
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• 2003

기존선 속도 향상 및 병목현상 해소와 안전운행을 위해 국내 철도 현황의 주요 분야를 검토한 후, 국내 17년동안 사용으로 안전성이 검증된 신호기술을 바탕으로 국내 실정에 적합하며, 기존의 ATS 장치를 개선한 정보형 ATS(ATPS)를 개발하여 이를 제시하였다. 본 시스템은 운행 중인 열차의 제동특성을 고려하여 구간별 제한속도를 상향 조정하여 운행 효율을 증가 시킬 수 있다. 또, 안전성과 신뢰성 보장을 위해 Fail-Safe 및 이중계(redundancy)로 제작 하였고, 기존의 차상자와 발진기를 통합함으로써 Q factor를 개선하여 무응동 방지 및 기준 응동시간 비교방식을 통해 오동작을 개선하였다. 그리고, 정보기록 장치를 추가함으로써 이미 기록되어있는 차량정보데이터와 지상정보데이터를 연산하여 운전정보를 제공하고 기록한다. 또한, 이 운전정보는 정보 분석용 PC 및 프로그램에 의해 쉽게 분석, 관리가 가능하다. 무엇보다도 기존 ATS 구간과의 겸용사용으로 영업 운전시 안전한 연속 운행 보장 및 지상설비 개량 없이 안전을 확보할 수 있다. 다양한 종류의 동력차에 설치, 인터페이스 및 지상설비 개량이 용이하다. 향후 틸팅 시스템과 연계하여 틸팅 제어/감시 신호를 제공하는 기능을 갖는다.