• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2018년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.97-97
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• 2018

Honey used as conventional medicine has various pharmacological properties. In the honey and anti-inflammatory effect, Gelam honey and Manuka honey has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity. However, the anti-inflammatory effect and potential mechanisms of acacia honey (AH) are not well understood. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of action of AH in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. AH attenuated NO production through inhibition of iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. AH also decreased the expressions of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ as pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MCP-1 expression as a pro-inflammatory chemokine. In the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms, AH decreased LPS-mediated $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$ degradation and subsequent nuclear accumulation of p65, which resulted in the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in RAW264.7 cells. AH dose-dependently suppressed LPS-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, AH significantly inhibited ATF2 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of ATF2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that AH has an anti-inflammatory effect, inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$ and MCP-1 via interruption of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK/ATF2 signaling pathways.

• 한국자원식물학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국자원식물학회 2019년도 추계학술대회
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• pp.65-65
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• 2019

In this study, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of extracts of leaves (LCLE) and branches (LCBE) from L. caerulea in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Inhibitory effect of LCLE and LCBE against LPS-induced overproduction of NO, iNOS and $IL-1{\beta}$ was higher than LCFE. Furthermore, LCLE and LCBE significantly inhibited the overexpression of COX-2, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. LCLE and LCBE did not inhibited LPS-induced degradation of $I{\kappa}B-{\alpha}$, but blocked the nuclear accumulation of p65. LCLE did not inhibited LPS-induced phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38, while LCBE significantly attenuated phosphorylation level of p38. LCLE and LCBE increased HO-1 protein level and decrease of iNOS and $IL-1{\beta}$ expression by LCLE and LCBE was inhibited by HO-1 knockdown. The inhibition of p38 by SB203580 and ROS by NAC blocked HO-1 expression by LCLE and LCBE. LCLE and LCBE increased p38 phosphorylation and the inhibition of ROS by NAC blocked p38 phosphorylation LCLE and LCBE. LCLE and LCBE induced nuclear accumulation of Nrf2, but this was significantly reversed by the inhibition of p38 and ROS. In addition, LCLE and LCBE increased ATF3 expression and decrease of iNOS and $IL-1{\beta}$ expression by LCLE and LCBE was inhibited by ATF3 knockdown. Collectively, LCLE and LCBE inhibited LPS-induced $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation by blocking p65 nuclear accumulation, increased HO-1 expression by ROS/p38/Nrf2 activation, and increased ATF3 expression. Furthermore, LCBE inhibited LPS-induced p38 phosphorylation.

• 한국자원식물학회지
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• 제31권6호
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• pp.612-621
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• 2018

Honey used as conventional medicine has various pharmacological properties. In the honey and anti-inflammatory effect, Gelam honey and Manuka honey has been reported to exert anti-inflammatory activity. However, the anti-inflammatory effect and potential mechanisms of acacia honey (AH) are not well understood. In this study, we investigated anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of action of AH in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. AH attenuated NO production through inhibition of iNOS expression in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. AH also decreased the expressions of $IL-1{\beta}$, IL-6 and $TNF-{\alpha}$ as pro-inflammatory cytokines, and MCP-1 expression as a pro-inflammatory chemokine. In the elucidation of the molecular mechanisms, AH decreased LPS-mediated $I{\kappa}B$-${\alpha}$ degradation and subsequent nuclear accumulation of p65, which resulted in the inhibition of $NF-{\kappa}B$ activation in RAW264.7 cells. AH dose-dependently suppressed LPS-mediated phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and p38 in RAW264.7 cells. In addition, AH significantly inhibited ATF2 phosphorylation and nuclear accumulation of ATF2 in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. These results suggest that AH has an anti-inflammatory effect, inhibiting the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as NO, iNOS, $TNF-{\alpha}$, IL-6, $IL-1{\beta}$ and MCP-1 via interruption of the $NF-{\kappa}B$ and MAPK/ATF2 signaling pathways.

• 대한한의학회지
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• 제34권2호
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• pp.51-58
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• 2013

Objectives: The aim of this study was to examine the antithrombotic effects of the four herbal ingredients (Mume Fructus, MF; Santali Albi Lignum, SAL; Amomi Tsao-Ko Fructus, ATF; and Amomi Fructus, AF) of modified Jeho-tang (MJHT) in a ferric chloride ($FeCl_3$)-induced carotid arterial thrombosis model. Methods: Thirty minutes prior to a 35% $FeCl_3$ application, Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were injected with saline, MF, SAL, ATF or AF (100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection), respectively. The effect of the MJHT ingredients was examined for time to occlusion (TTO) and thrombus weight (TW) in a $FeCl_3$-induced thrombosis model. Histological analysis was performed to examine the effect of the MJHT ingredients on collagen fiber damage using hematoxylin & eosin and Masson's trichrome staining. Results: Compared with vehicle treatment, MF, SAL and ATF treatment delayed TTO (vehicle, $8.11{\pm}0.60$ min; MF, $16.67{\pm}1.03$ min; SAL, $17.50{\pm}1.52$ min and ATF, $13.33{\pm}1.21$ min; P < 0.001) and inhibited thrombus formation (vehicle, $0.79{\pm}0.03$ mg/mm; MF, $0.61{\pm}0.07$ mg/mm; SAL, $0.57{\pm}0.03$ mg/mm and ATF, $0.72{\pm}0.02$ mg/mm; P < 0.001). In addition, each herbal ingredient of MJHT except for AF prevented the collagen fiber damage induced by a 35% $FeCl_3$ application. These results indicate that the MJHT ingredients MF ${\geq}$ SAL ${\geq}$ ATF ${\geq}$ AF possess antithrombotic activity in a $FeCl_3$-induced carotid arterial thrombosis. Conclusions: Altogether, these results are the first evidence that the MJHT ingredients MF, SAL and ATF have the ability to prevent vascular damage and thrombus formation in $FeCl_3$-induced carotid arterial thrombosis.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.591-595
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• 2016

The liver is one of the most common sites of cancer in the world, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) predominating. Chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) is considered as an important potential risk factors for HCC. Different people have diverse responses to HBV infection regarding the likelihood of HCC development, and host factors such as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) might account for this. The present study was conducted to evaluate any association between SNP frequencies in two genes, XRCC4 (rs1805377) and ATF6 (rs2070150), and the risk of CHB and HCC development in Thai patients. The study covered 369 subjects including 121 HCC patients, 141 with chronic hepatitis B virus infection (CHB) and 107 healthy controls. With TaqMan real-time PCR, the results showed that no significant association between XRCC4 (rs1805377) and ATF6 (rs2070150) and risk of HCC in the Thai population. From this first study of the 2 polymorphisms and HCC in Thailand it can concluded that rs1805377 and rs2070150 polymorphisms may not be applicable as genetic markers in the Thai population for HCC assessment.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.1-13
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• 2020

At present, the Department of Energy (DOE) in Unite State are directing the efforts of developing accident tolerant fuel (ATF) technology. As the first barrier of nuclear fuel system, the material selection of fuel rod cladding for ATFs is a basic but very significant issue for the development of this concept. The advanced cladding is attractive for providing much stronger oxidation resistance and better in-pile behavior under sever accident conditions (such as SBO, LOCA) for giving more coping time and, of course, at least an equivalent performance under normal condition. In recent years, many researches on in-plie or out-pile physical properties of some suggested cladding materials have been conducted to solve this material selection problem. Base on published literatures, this paper introduced relevant research backgrounds, objectives, research institutions and their progresses on several main potential claddings include triplex SiC, FeCrAl and MAX phase material Ti3SiC2. The physical properties of these claddings for their application in ATF area are also reviewed in thermohydraulic and mechanical view for better understanding and simulating the behaviors of these new claddings. While most of important data are available from publications, there are still many relevant properties are lacking for the evaluations.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• 제53권4호
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• pp.1236-1249
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• 2021

Although there are still controversial opinions and uncertainty on application of SiC_f/SiC composite cladding as next-generation cladding material for its great oxidation resistance in high temperature steam environment and other outstanding advantages, it cannot deny that SiC_f/SiC cladding is a potential accident tolerant fuel (ATF) cladding with high research priority and still in the engineering design stage for now. However, considering its disadvantages, such as low irradiated thermal conductivity, ductility that barely not exist, further evaluations of its in-pile behaviors are still necessary. Based on the self-developed code we recently updated, relevant thermohydraulic and mechanical models in FROBA-ATF were applied to simulate the cladding behaviors under normal and accident conditions in this paper. Even through steady-state performance analysis revealed that this kind of cladding material could greatly reduce the oxidation thickness, the thermal performance of UO₂-SiC was poor due to its low inpile thermal conductivity and creep rate. Besides, the risk of failure exists when reactor power decreased. With geometry optimization and dopant addition in pellets, the steady-state performance of UO₂-SiC was enhanced and the failure risk was reduced. The thermal and mechanical performance of the improved UO₂-SiC was further evaluated under Loss of coolant accident (LOCA) and Reactivity Initiated Accident (RIA) conditions. Transient results showed that the optimized ATF had better thermal performance, lower cladding hoop stress, and could provide more coping time under accident conditions.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제31권10호
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• pp.873-884
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• 2021

본 연구에서는 다양한 인체 암포주를 대상으로 NSAID의 항암 효과를 증강시키는 artesunate (ART)의 역할과 이에 대한 분자적 기전을 연구하였다. 다양한 타입의 암세포주를 대상으로 암세포 성장 억제 활성을 조사한 결과, ART는 NSAID인 celecoxib (CCB) 또는 dimethyl-CCB (DMC)와의 병용 효과를 나타내었다. ART 처리로 ATF4/CHOP의 발현 증강과 함께 오토파지 유도 표식인 p62 감소의 결과로서, ATF4/CHOP 경로가 ART의 오토파지 유도 활성에 관여할 것으로 예상되었으며, ART의 오토파지 활성과 관련하여 NRF2 및 암 줄기 세포 관련 단백질인 CD44, CD133, ALDH1, Oct4, mutated p53 (mutp53) 및 c-Myc의 발현이 감소되었다. 또한 DMC 단독처리 보다 ART와 DMC의 병용으로 ATF4/CHOP의 발현 증강과 p62의 감소가 더욱 촉진되고, NRF2 및 암 줄기 세포 관련 단백질 발현 감소도 현저히 촉진되면서 궁극적으로 PARP 활성화에 의해 apoptosis가 유도됨을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과는 ART/DMC 병용 처리가 각 물질 단독 처리보다 암세포의 성장 억제 및 apoptosis 유도에 더욱 효과적이고, ART 및 DMC 의 오토파지 유도 활성은 암 줄기 세포 관련 단백질의 분해를 촉진함으로써, 암 줄기 세포가 제거될 수 있음을 시사하였다. 이와 같이 ART는 NSAID 뿐만 아니라 imatinib의 항암 효과를 증강시키는 활성으로, chemosensitizer로서 중요한 후보 물질이 될 수 있음을 밝혔다.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제30권3호
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• pp.285-290
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• 2020

구제역바이러스(FMDV)는 Picornaviridae 과의 Aphthovirus 속의 한 종류이며, 야생과 가축의 소와 돼지에 감염한다. FMDV는 감염 조직에서 중증의 염증반응을 포함한 다양한 임상적 증후들을 일으킨다. FMDV 게놈 RNA는 약 8.3 kb 길이의 양성-단일 가닥을 가지고 있으며, 하나의 긴 단백질 번역틀(ORF)을 만든다. 이 ORF는 바이러스의 단백질가수분해효소에 의해서 구조단백질과 비구조단백질로 나누어진다. FMDV의 FMDV 2C 단백질은 FMDV 유전자에서 만들어지는 비구조단백질로서 염증과 세포사를 포함한 FMD 병리 과정과 바이러스 복제에서 중요한 역할을 한다. 이 연구에서 우리는 FMDV 2C가 염증 유도 사이토카인인 tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)의 세포내 발현을 유도하는 가능성을 검토하였다. FMDV 2C의 돼지 세포인 IBRS-2 세포내 발현은 TNFα의 유전자 발현 조절 부위인 프로모터의 활성화를 이용하여 전사수준에서 TNFα의 mRNA와 단백질 생성을 증가시켰다. 추가적으로, 소포체 스트레스를 감소시키는 화학물질인 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) 처리는 FMDV 2C에 의해 유도된 TNFα 발현을 감소시켰다. 소포체 스트레스 반응을 매개하는 전사인자의 한 종류인 ATF4는 TNFα 프로모터의 활성을 유도하고, TNFα의 mRNA와 단백질 발현을 증가시켰다. 하지만, ATF4의 기능 결핍 돌연변이체 단백질의 발현은 FMDV 2C에 의한 TNFα 생성을 유도하지 못하였다. 이들 결과들은 FMDV FMDV 2C 단백질이 ATF4-매개 TNFα 발현을 통해 임상적 염증반응을 증가시키고, 이는 소포체 스트레스의 유도와 연관되어있음을 제시한다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.269-274
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• 2017

Currently, fuel efficiency becomes one of critical issues for automotive industries as concerns about environmental and energy problems grow. In an automatic transmission of an automobile, a drag torque due to a viscous drag of a fluid between friction and clutch plates is one of factors that degrade fuel economy. In this work, the drag torque characteristics of a wet clutch was experimentally investigated with respect to rotational speed, temperature of automatic transmission fluid (ATF), and gap between friction and clutch plates. The experimental results showed that drag torque increases to a certain level, and then decrease to the steady state value with increasing rotational speed. This behavior may be associated with two-phase flow of air and ATF at gap between friction and clutch plates. Also, it was found that the maximum drag torque value decreased as ATF viscosity decreases with increasing temperature. However, it was shown that the point at which the maximum drag torque occurs was not significantly affected by the ATF temperature. In addition, maximum drag torque was found to decrease as the gap between friction and clutch plates increased from 0.1 mm to 0.2 mm. Furthermore, it was observed that the generation of maximum drag torque was delayed as the gap increased. The outcomes of this work are expected to be helpful to gain a better understanding of drag torque characteristic of a wet clutch, and may therefore be useful in the design of wet clutch systems with improved performance.