• 자원리싸이클링
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• 제10권3호
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• pp.3-13
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• 2001

The Korean Auto industry has developed remarkably over the past 30 years. In 2000 alone, Korea produced 3.11 million vehicles, and the number of vehicles registered surpassed the ten million mark. As the number of vehicles registered in Korea has increased, yew after you, a rising number of cars have been scrapped. In 2000, a total of 455,592 automobiles were scrapped, up dramatically from only 101,158 in 1989. The system for handling of ELV(End-of-Life Vehicles) in Korea is governed by the "Motor Vehicle Control Act". The Act places the responsibility for vehicle scrapping directly on the vehicle owners. h vehicle owner can only can eel a vehicle registration after he gets a certificate from an authorized vehicle dismantler showing that his vehicle was properly scrapped according to the law. The take-back rate of ELV reaches nearly 100% in Korea. The vehicle scrapping process in Korea is very similar to those in other countries. fluids such as fuels and oils are first removed, and recyclable parts are collected and separated. Engines and transmissions are dismantled and recycled for use as raw material. Plastics, which are not easily reused, are generally treated as industrial wastes. The "Motor Vehicle Control Act" prohibits reuse of certain parts in order to guarantee the safety of the used auto parts. However, some restrictions on the reuse of auto parts have recently been eased to promote recycling. In this paper, additionally, car recycling policy of the foreign countries such as Japan, Germany and EU were reviewed.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제13권9호
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• pp.4613-4617
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• 2012

National cancer incidence data were utilized to analyze trends in esophageal cancer incidence in China in order to provide basic information for making cancer control strategy. We retrieved and re-sorted valid esophageal cancer incidence data from National Central Cancer Registry Database over 20 years period from 1989 to 2008. Crude incidence and age-standardized incidence rates were calculated for analysis, with annual percent change estimated by Joinpoint software for long term trend analysis. The crude incidence rate of esophageal cancer was found to have remained relatively stable in both urban and rural areas over the 20 year period. Age standardized incidence rate (ASR) in cancer registration areas decreased from 39.5/100,000 in 1989 to 23.0/100,000 in 2008 in all areas (AAPC=-3.3%, 95% CI:-2.8~-3.7). The trend was no change in urban areas and 2.1% average annual decrease observed in rural aras. Before the year of 2000, esophageal cancer incidence rates significant decreased with 2.8% annually and then the rates kept stable. Over 20 years from 1989 to 2008, esophageal cancer age standardized incidence rate in cancer registration areas decreased with time. However, esophageal cancer is still a big issue and efforts for control should be continuously enhanced. Cancer registration is playing an important role in cancer control with the number of registries increasing and data quality improving in China.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7321-7324
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• 2013

Objective: To estimate the incidence and mortality rates for pancreatic cancer in China. Methods: After checking and reviewing the cancer registry data in 2009 from 72 cancer registry centers, we divided cancer registry areas into urban and rural areas. Incidence/mortality rates, age-specific incidence/mortality rates, age-standardized incidence/mortality rates, proportions, and cumulative incidence/mortality rates for pancreatic cancer were calculated. Results: The total number of newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer cases and deaths in 2009 were 6,220 and 5,650, respectively. The crude incidence rate in all cancer registry areas was 7.28/100,000 (males 8.24, females 6.29). The age-standardized incidence rate by Chinese standard population (ASR) was 3.35/100,000, with ranking at 7th among all cancers. Pancreatic cancer incidence rate was 8.19/100,000 in urban areas whereas it was 5.41/100 000 in rural areas. Cancer mortality rate in all cancer registry areas was 6.61/100,000 (males 7.45; females 5.75), with ranking at 6th among all cancers, and 7.42/100 000 in urban but 4.94/100000 in rural areas. Conclusions: Pancreatic cancer incidence and mortality rates have shown a gradual increase in China. Owing to the difficulty of early diagnosis, identification of high-risk population and modification of risk factors are important to reduce the burden of pancreatic cancer.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제16권6호
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• pp.762-770
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• 2013

Korean military is currently using and operating a precision approach and landing system, called RAPCON (ASR/PAR), which is imported from overseas. However, drawbacks of this system are operational and cost problems that come along, e.g. straightness of the radio waves, limited ability of narrow searching, lack of interoperability, and high cost of installation and maintenance. Moreover, as the civilian air traffic control uses a similar system compared to the military, the so called DME/VOR/ILS, disturbance between these two systems triggered the consideration of GNSS as alternative system. In this paper, we conduct a research on trends in the field of precise approach and landing systems based on GNSS, analyze weaknesses of GNSS(jamming, fault) and consider possible solutions. Furthermore, we propose the precise approach and landing system based on GNSS to be used by the Korean military as we found it to be also suitable for military purposes. Finally, we examine the benefits of a domestic development with different focuses(development/cost of mass production/operational advantages and potential for increased performance).

• 융합정보논문지
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• 제10권11호
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• pp.224-231
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• 2020

본 연구는 국군 장병들의 부적응 문제 해결을 위한 집단상담 프로그램을 개발하고 프로그램의 효과를 검증하기 위해 진행하였다. 정서 및 행동문제를 경험하는 군 장병을 위한 12회기 CBT 및 ACT 프로그램을 개발하고 충남권 소재 육군 부대 장병을 대상으로 CBT, ACT 각 2집단씩 주 1회 프로그램을 실시해 효과성을 검증하였다. 결과분석을 위해 사전-사후 성인용 행동평가 척도(ASR)을 시행하였고, 기술통계분석, 교차분석, 대응t검증, 독립t검증을 실시하여 분석하였다. 나타난 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 집단 간 사전 동질검사 결과 두 집단은 인구통계학적특성과 주요변인의 특성이 동질한 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 사전-사후 비교검증 결과 CBT집단과 ACT집단 모두 문제행동총점 및 내재화, 외현화의 변화가 유의하였다. 셋째, CBT집단과 ACT집단의 사전-사후 검사의 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 본 연구는 군부대 내 부적응 문제에 개입한 점, 두 이론간의 효과성을 비교했다는 점에서 의미가 있으며, 향후 연구를 위한 방법론 및 연구 대상 확대를 제안하였다.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제16권16호
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• pp.7189-7193
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• 2015

Background: Cancer is a leading cause of death throughout the world. Increasing life expectancy and aging population are important factors for increasing cancer incidences in developing countries. National programs are essential for prevention and control of cancer in any society. This study aimed to investigate cancer epidemiology and trends in the province of Hamadan, located in Northwest Iran. Materials and Methods: This analytical study was carried out based on cancer registry data from 2004 to 2009 in the province of Hamadan, analyzed using STATA (version 12) software for descriptive tests and Join point 4.1.1.1 software for analytical tests. Results: There were 7,767 registered cases of cancer during the 6 years studied. Of the total cases registered, 59.1% (4,592 cases) involved men and 40.9% (3,175 cases) occurred in women. Age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) increased from 72.9 to 132.0 in males and 48.2 to 115.0 in females during the 6 years of the study (p<0.001). The most common cancers were skin, stomach, breast, bladder, and leukemia. In women, teh most common were breast, skin, stomach, colorectal, and leukemia, in that order, and in men skin, stomach, bladder, leukemia, and prostate cancers. Conclusions: The cancer incidence is greater in men that women in this region but with increasing trends in both sexes. Planning regarding education in prevention of exposure to risk factors and control strategies is required to decrease the incident cases. Screening programs for common cancers in older age groups might be helpful to reduce the disease impact.

• 대한인간공학회지
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.23-39
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• 1998

Several recent aircraft accidents occurred due to goal conflicts between human and machine actors. To facilitate the management of the cockpit activities considering these observations. a computational aid. the Agenda Manager (AM) has been developed for use in simulated cockpit environments. It is important to know pilot intentions performing cockpit operations accurately to improve AM performance. Without accurate knowledge of pilot goals or intentions, the information from AM may lead to the wrong direction to the pilot who is using the information. To provide a reliable flight simulation environment regarding goal conflicts. a pilot goal communication method (GCM) was developed to facilitate accurate recognition of pilot goals. Embedded within AM, the GCM was used to recognize pilot goals and to declare them to the AM. Two approaches to the recognition of pilots goals were considered: (1) The use of an Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) system to recognize overtly or explicitly declared pilot goals. and (2) inference of covertly or implicitly declared pilot goals via the use of an intent inferencing mechanism. The integrated mode of these two methods could overcome the covert goal mis-understanding by use of overt GCM. And also could it overcome workload concern with overt mode by the use of covert GCM. Through simulated flight environment experimentation with real pilot subjects, the proposed GCM has demonstrated its capability to recognize pilot intentions with a certain degree of accuracy and to handle incorrectly declared goals. and was validated in terms of subjective workload and pilot flight control performance. The GCM communicating pilot goals were implemented within the AM to provide a rich environment for the study of human-machine interactions in the supervisory control of complex dynamic systems.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권9호
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• pp.3945-3949
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• 2014

Background: A cancer registry program has been established in East Azerbaijan and this has emphasized the importance of cancers of gastrointestinal tract in this region. The aim of the present pathology-based cancer registry report is to renew epidemiologic aspects of gastrointestinal tract cancers and estimate recent trends. Materials and Methods: A survey team reviewed and collected all records of cancer cases from all referral and valid pathology laboratories of East Azerbaijan province during September 2007-2011. Crude rates, age-specific rates of cancer incidence and annual percent change were calculated. Results: The total newly diagnosed cancer cases (n=6,889)comprised 4,341 males (63.0%) and 2,540 females (36.9%). Gastric cancer was the most common GI tract cancer with an ASR (per $10^5$) of 23.1 for males and 7.69 for females. The ASRs for esophageal and colorectal cancers were 9.69 and 11.2 in males and 7.35 and 8.93 in females. Trend analysis showed a significant decline for esophageal cancer and increasing incidence for colorectal cancer in females. Conclusions: The prevalence of gastric cancer is high in East Azerbaijan province of Iran. This pathology based cancer registry showed an ascending trend for colorectal cancer and decreasing trend for esophageal cancer in females during 2007-2011.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제15권22호
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• pp.9979-9983
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• 2014

Background: The population of Songkhla, a province in Southern Thailand, can be divided into a predominantly Muslim subpopulation (PMSP, approximately 70% Muslim) and a predominantly Buddhist subpopulation (PBSP, around 14% Muslim). Objectives: This study was conducted to 1) describe the incidence of various cancers in both PMSP and PBSP, and 2) compare the incidence of various cancers between the two subpopulations. Materials and Methods: Cancer cases diagnosed between 1990 and 2010 were drawn from the database of Songkhla Cancer Registry. Population denominators were estimated from the 3 population censuses surveyed by the National Statistical Office of Thailand in 1990, 2000, and 2010. Results: The age-standardized incidence rates (ASR) of the 5 commonest male cancers among both subpopulations were calculated. In females, a lower incidence of cancers of the cervix and breast in PMSP compared to PBSP, with odds ratios of 0.54 (95% CI: 0.45-0.64) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.43-0.60) respectively, was observed. In males, the incidence of cancers of the lung, liver, colon-rectum, and some other cancers were significantly different between the two populations in the past, but only prostate cancer showed a lower incidence among males in PMSP in recent years. Independent of sex and year of diagnosis, the incidence of lung, liver, NHL, and colorectal cancers was lower in MPSP compared to BPSP, with odds ratios of 0.75 (95% CI: 0.65-0.85), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.62-0.88), 0.74 (95% CI: 0.60-0.91), and 0.67 (95% CI: 0.56-0.78) respectively. Conclusions: The differences in incidence of some cancers and religionrelated culture between the two subpopulations need 2 sets of cancer-control plans and goals to fit the unique population context in deep Southern Thailand. This plan can be used in the 3 southernmost provinces of Thailand where the percentage of Muslims is over 85%.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• 제14권12호
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• pp.7517-7522
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• 2013

Background: Cancer incidence rates are increasing particularly in developing countries. It is crucial for policy makers to know basic cancer epidemiology in each region to design comprehensive prevention plans. There have hitherto been no population-based data available for cancer in Khuzestan province. The present report is a first from the regional population-based cancer registry for the period of 2002-2009. Materials and Methods: Data were collected retrospectively reviewing all new cancer patients whom were registered in Khuzestan province cancer registry during an 8-year period (2002-2009). All cases were coded based on the ICD-O-3 coding system and collected data were computerized using SPSS (Chicago, IL) software, version 11.5. The age standardized incidence rates (ASRs) per 100,000 person-year for all cancers were computed using the indirect method of standardization to the world population. Results: During the 8-year study period, 16,801 new cancer cases were registered. Based on the computed ASRs, the five most frequent malignancies in females were breast (26.4 per 100,000), skin (13.6), colorectal (5.72), stomach (4.31) and bladder(4.07) and in males, the five most frequent were skin (16.0 per 100,000), bladder (10.7),prostate (7.64), stomach (7.17), and colorectal (6.32).The ASR for all malignancies in women was 92.5 per 100,000, and that for men was 87.4. Conclusions: The observed patterns from the analysis of Khuzestan cancer registry data will lead to better understanding of the epidemiology of various malignancies in this part ofthe country and consequently provide a useful guide for authorities to make efficacious decisions and policies about a cancer control program for south-west Iran.