• 제목/요약/키워드: ASIA scale

검색결과 508건 처리시간 0.035초

아시아 여름 몬순에서의 지역별 극한 강수의 역학과 특성 (Dynamics and Characteristics of Regional Extreme Precipitation in the Asian Summer Monsoon)

  • 전하은;하경자;김혜렴;오효은
    • 대기
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    • 제34권3호
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    • pp.257-271
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    • 2024
  • In 2023, the World Meteorological Organization released a report on climate conditions in Asia, highlighting the region's high vulnerability to floods and the increasing severity and frequency of extreme precipitation events. While previous studies have largely concentrated on broader-scale phenomena such as the Asian monsoon, it is crucial to investigate the substantial characteristics of extreme precipitation for a better understanding. In this study, we analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of extreme precipitation during summer and their affecting factors by decomposing the moisture budgets within specific Asian regions over 44 years (1979~2022). Our findings indicate that dynamic convergence terms (DY CON), which reflect changes in wind patterns, primarily drive extreme rainfall across much of Asia. In southern Asian sub-regions, particularly coastal areas, extreme precipitation is primarily driven by low-pressure systems, with DY CON accounting for 70% of the variance. However, in eastern Asia, both thermodynamic advection and nonlinear convergence terms significantly contribute to extreme precipitation. Notably, on the Korean Peninsula, thermodynamic advection plays an important role, driven by substantial moisture carried by strong southerly mean flow. Understanding these distinct characteristics of extreme rainfall across sub-regions is expected to enhance both predictability and resilience.

WRF, MM5, RSM 모형에서 모의한 2004년 7월 11-18일의 동아시아 몬순의 비교 (Intercomparison of the East-Asian Summer Monsoon on 11-18 July 2004, simulated by WRF, MM5, and RSM models)

  • 함수련;박선주;방철한;정병주;홍성유
    • 대기
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.91-99
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    • 2005
  • This study compares the summer monsoon circulations during a heavy rainfall period over the Korean peninsular from 11 to 18 July 2004, simulated by three widely used regional models; WRF, MM5, and RSM. An identical model setup is carried out for all the experiments, except for the physical option differences in the RSM. The three models with a nominal resolution of about 50 km over Korea are nested by NCEP-DOE reanalysis data. Another RSM experiment with the same cumulus parameterization scheme as in the WRF and MM5 is designed to investigate the importance of the representation of subgrid-scale parameterized convection in reproducing monsoonal circulations in East Asia. All thee models are found to be capable of reproducing the general distribution of monsoonal precipitation, extending northeastward from south China across the Korean peninsula, to northern Japan. The results from the WRF and MM5 are similar in terms of accumulated precipitation, but a slightly better performance in the WRF than in the MM5. The RSM improves the bias for precipitation as compared to those from the WRF and MM5, but the pattern correlation is degraded due to overestimation of precipitation in northern China. In the comparison of simulated synoptic scale features, the RSM is found to reproduce the large-scale features well compared to the results from the MM5 and WRF. On the other hand, the simulated precipitation from the RSM with the convection scheme used in the MM5 and WRF is closer to that from the WRF and MM5 simulations, indicating the significant dependency of simulated precipitation in East Asia on the cumulus parameterization scheme.

Enhancement of Aerosol Concentration in Korea due to the Northeast Asian Forest Fire in May 2003

  • In, Hee-Jin;Kim, Yong-Pyo;Lee, Kwon-H.
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제3권1호
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    • pp.1-8
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    • 2009
  • Enhancement of aerosol optical thickness (AOT) and surface aerosol mass concentration in Korea for an active forest fire episode in Northeast Asia were estimated by Community Multi-scale Air Quality (CMAQ) model. MODIS/TERRA remote detects of fires in Northeast Asia for May 2003 gave a constraint for estimation of wildfire emissions with an NDVI distribution for recent five years. The simulated wildfire plumes and enhancement of AOT were evaluated and well resolved by comparing multiple satellite observations such as MODIS, TOMS, and others. Scatter plots of observed daily mean aerosol extinction coefficient versus $PM_{10}$ concentration in ground level in Korea showed distinctively different trends based on the ambient relative humidity.

Estimation of Total Precipitable Water in East Asia Using the MODIS Satellite Data

  • Park, Seon-Ki
    • Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제19권E4호
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    • pp.149-155
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    • 2003
  • In this study. the amounts of the total precipitable water (TPW) in both global and regional scale are estimated from the MODIS instrument, which is on-board the EOS satellites, Terra and Aqua. The estimation is made from the five near-infrared spectral bands, using a technique employing ratios of water- vapor absorbing channels centered at 0.905, 0.936, 0.940 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$ with atmospheric window channels at 0.865 and 1.240 ${\mu}{\textrm}{m}$. Through analyses of monthly and eight-days mean TPW, one can monitor characteristics of seasonal variations as well as amount and distribution (i.e., water resources) of TPW at both global and local regions. Long-term monitoring of TPW is essential to understand the regional variations of water resources in East Asia.

Assessing the Impact of Locally Produced Aerosol on the Rainwater Composition at the Gosan Background Site in East Asia

  • Han, Yeongcheol;Huh, Youngsook
    • Asian Journal of Atmospheric Environment
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    • 제8권2호
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    • pp.69-80
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    • 2014
  • It is often assumed that atmospheric observations at remote sites represent long-range transport of airborne material, and local influences are overlooked. We evaluated the impact of local input on the rainwater composition at Gosan Station, a strategic site for monitoring the continental outflow from Asia. We analyzed a 14-year record of rainwater chemical composition archived by the Korea Meteorological Administration and detected local terrestrial contribution for nitrate, sulfate and ammonium. We also measured the chemical composition of rainwater sampled simultaneously at multiple locations within the premises of the Gosan Station, from which local influence with meter-scale spatial heterogeneity could be discerned. We estimate that the local input accounted for at least ~10% of the wet deposition of nitrogen and ~12% of the wet deposition of sulfur during the 14 years. This highlights the significance of the local influence, which should be carefully assessed when interpreting atmospheric observations at this site.

동북아 지역에서의 SO$_2$ 건성 침적에 관한 정량분석 (A Study on the Quantitative Analysis of SO$_2$ Dry Deposition in the Northeastern Asia)

  • 홍민선;김순태;이동섭
    • 한국대기환경학회지
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    • 제13권3호
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    • pp.231-241
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    • 1997
  • A tracer model was applied in the Far East Asia to investigate the dry deposition rates of air pollutants on Korean Peninsula originated from different countries including China and Japan. Wind direction was chosen to predict the maximum deposition rates and SO$_2$ was chosen as a tracer to estimate the source strength. Model simulation shows that inflow, deposition and airborne ratios of China-originated SO$_2$ were 50%, 8% and 30%, respectively, at most. Also it was found that deposition, outbounded and airborne ratios of Korea-originated SO$_2$ were 15~77%, 8~75%, and 3~30%, respectively Model simulation also shows that inflow, deposition and airborne ratios of Kyushu-originated SO$_2$ were, 30~45%, 8~14% and 20~25%, respectively. This study shows that tracer model can be applied on the estimation of air pollutants partitioning in regional scale and that more sophisticated modules and schemes can be developed and applied to better predict the transboundary amounts of air pollutants in this region.

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Kogan's Attitude Toward Old People: Evaluation of validity and reliability assessment among nursing students in Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia

  • Runkawatt, Viliporn;Kerdchuen, Kanyanat;Tipkanjanaraykha, Kitsanaporn;Ubolwan, Kanyarat;Tawetanawanich, Yadchol;Nasirin, Chairun;Win, Mar Lar
    • Asian Journal for Public Opinion Research
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    • 제3권3호
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    • pp.145-155
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    • 2016
  • Background: Asia is on track to become the region with the most elderly people in the world. The elderly population will reach 922.7 million by the middle of this century. Therefore, they will be cared for by the today's youth. Negative attitudes toward older people can make adolescents more uncomfortable relating to them. Objectives: The objective of this study was to evaluate validity and reliability of Kogan's attitude toward old people among nursing students in Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. Methods: Content validation of the 34-item Kogan's attitude toward old people was examined by three geriatric nursing experts. The reliability was evaluated on 600 nursing students, from nursing colleges in Thailand (200), Myanmar (200), and Indonesia (200). Findings: The attitude scores towards the elderly ranged from 34 to 238. All of the 34 items were found to have significant item-to-total correlations (p< .05). The reliability results were as follows: In Thailand, Cronbach's alpha was .70 for the total scale, .72 for the positive scale, and .68 for the negative scale. In Myanmar, Cronbach's alpha was .68 for the total scale, .65 for the positive scale, and .66 for the negative scale. In Indonesia, Cronbach's alpha was .66 for the total scale, .71 for the positive scale, and .72 for the negative scale. Conclusions: These findings suggest that Kogan's attitude toward old people is reliable and valid for nursing students from Thailand, Myanmar, and Indonesia. However, Kogan's attitude toward old people should be revised by these countries, including changing wording on all items for better reliability. The revised version must then be tested for reliability and validity.

KVN (Korean VLBI Network)의 우주측지학적 기여도 분석 (ANALYSIS ON IMPACTS OF KVN TO GEODETIC VLBI NETWORK)

  • 조정호;박종욱;박필호
    • Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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    • 제23권4호
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    • pp.337-344
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    • 2006
  • 전파천문학과 우주측지학적 활용을 목적으로 3기의 전파망원경으로 국내에 구축되고 있는 초장 거리간섭계(VLBI; Very Long Baseline Interferometry)인 KVN의 우주측지학적 기여도를 분석하기 위한 모의실험을 수행하였다. KVN의 우주측지학적 기여도를 두 가지 서로 다른 규모의 관측망에 대해 분석하기 위해 동아시아 지역의 local관측망(KVN-Asia)과 태평양 주변 지역의 global 관측망(KVN-Pacific)을 구성하였다. KVN이 이들 두 관측망에 포함되기 전 후에 대한 정량적 기여도 분석이 이 연구를 통해 수행된 모의실험의 주목적이다. 이를 위해 관측소 좌표와 지구회전계수(EOPs; Earth Orientation Parameters)를 정량적 기여도 분석의 기준 파라미터로 선택하였다. 이들 파라미터는 모의실험을 통해 추정되는 대상인 동시에 KVN 포함 전 후의 추정 정밀도 향상에 대한 기준 비교인자이기도 하다. 관측소 좌표는 KVN-Asia에 대한 기준 비교인자로 사용되었고, EOP는 KVN-Pacific에 대한 기준 비교인자로 사용되었다. 모의 실험 결과 KVN-Asia와 KVN-Pacific의 기준 비교인자 추정정밀도 개선에 대한 KVN의 기여도는 최대 50%, 20%수준이 될 것으로 예상되었다. 또한 연구결과를 토대로 제안된 KVN의 우주측지학적 유망연구 분야들은 향후 KVN우주측지학적 활용의 핵심분야가 될 것으로 기대한다.

A Suggestion for the Strategic Choice of Seoul to be a Network Center in Northeast Asia

  • Ahn, Kun-Hyuck;Ohn, Yeong-Te
    • 지역연구
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    • 제15권2호
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    • pp.155-187
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    • 1999
  • The East Asian Region has experienced remarkable economic growth and transformation of interurban networking over the past three decades, and urban competiti veness for a networking hub in this region has become a critical issue confronting cities. Competitiveness of the Seoul capital region for a networking hub in Northeast Asia is outstripped by other competing cities in East Asia, notwithstanding its geo-politically and geo-economically advantageous location in this region. In this paper, we aim to appraise the Seoul capital region's competitiveness in terms of logistics distribution, financial function and logistics distribution, financial function and agglomeration of transnational corporations (especially of RHOs and other managerial functions), and to advance the networking strategies of the region for a Northeast Asia hyb. As a result of analysis, we suggest that the Seoul capital region be developed as a Northeast Asian center for regional headquarters or leading global corporations and financial services for being a strategic nodal point in Northeast Asia in the 21st century. A recent survey shows that where to locate an RHQ is influenced by various factors, such as potential market and manufacturing site in the city's hinterland, quality of life, such things as culture, health, safety, education, a well-educated, English-speaking population, reliable air transport, state-of-the-art communications, and an active policy to offer foreign companies generous incentives. The Seoul capital region, which is located at a strategic nodal point advantageous as a springboard for its Northeast Asian hinterland, cannot meet the other conditions mentioned above. To overcome these drawbacks in attracting transnational capital and to create competitiveness as a strategic hub of RHQs in Northeast Asia, it is urgent to initiate a structural reform of the Korean economy, politics, and overall society, to minimize the regulation of FDI, and to provide various incentives for foreign investment. Moreover, we propose the construction of an 'International Business Town' in the Seoul capital region, as a medium to intermediate these strategies and to shape them in a spatial scale. The projected 'International Business Town(IBT)' will be a 'free city' open to international business in which liberal economic activities are guaranteed by special legislation and administration, infrastructures needed for international and improved accessibility to the airport are furnished, and the preference of foreign high-income investors for cultural and living environment are satisfactorily met. IBT is conspicuously differentiated from a raft of other cities' incentives in that it combines deregulation and incentive programs to attract the investment of transnational capital, with a spatial program of offering an urban environment preferred by the high-income investors for cultural and living environment are satisfactorily met. IBT is conspicuously differentiated from a raft of other cities' incentives in that it combines deregulation and incentive programs to attract the investment of transnational capita, with a spatial program of offering an urban environment preferred by the high-income and managerial class. Furthermore, it can be an excellent way of overcoming the xenophobia that has spread among the Korean population by concentrating foreign businesses and their lifestyles in a specific foreign businesses and their lifestyles in a specific zone. In conclusion, 'International Business Town', in line with other legislative and administrative incentive programs, will function as a driving force to make the Seoul capital regional more competitive as a regional business hub in Northeast Asia.

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Analysis of Factors Related to Neurological Deficit in Thoracolumbar Fractures

  • Chung, Joon-Ho;Yoon, Seung-Hwan;Park, Hyung-Chun;Park, Chong-Oon;Kim, Eun-Young;Ha, Yoon
    • Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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    • 제41권1호
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    • pp.1-6
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    • 2007
  • Objective : The purpose of this study is to determine the factors that have effects on the neurological deficit in the patients with thoracolumbar fracture. Methods : Forty-eight patients were included. Cause of injury, type of injury, time interval, combined injury, kyphotic angle, spinal canal compromise, sagittal diameter, the most narrow sagittal diameter, transverse diameter, the most narrow transverse diameter, and remained height of vertebra body were concerned as the factors. The patients with American Spinal Injury Association[ASIA] impairment scale grade A to D were considered as having neurology while others with ASIA grade E were considered to be without neurology. The patients with ASIA grade A were classified to paraplegia group and the patients with ASIA grade B to E were not thought to be paraplegia. Statistical analysis for these groups were performed. Results : Spinal canal compromise [P<0.001] have correlation with neurological deficit. The most narrow sagittal diameter was smaller in the group with deficit than that in the group without deficit [P<0.004]. Also, combined injury have correlation with neurology [P=0.028]. Spinal canal compromise [P<0.001], sagittal diameter [P=0.032], the most narrow sagittal diameter [P=0.025], and Denis type [P<0.001] also have correlation with paraplegia. Conclusion : The factors of percentage of spinal canal compromise, the most narrow sagittal diameter, and combined injury are predictive of neurological deficit. The patients with paraplegia may be predicted by the factors such as type of injury, spinal canal compromise, sagittal diameter, the most narrow sagittal diameter, and Denis type.