• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.32 no.1 s.55
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• pp.17-22
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• 2006

Phosphatidyiserine (PS) is a phospholipid which plays the structural role in membranes and serves as a cofactor of signaling enzymes for diverse cellular functions. In this study, we observed that topical treatment with PS significantly decreased trans-epidermal water loss (TEWL) induced by tape-stripping in hairless mice. Also, ceramides in epidermis were increased in PS-treated group compared to vehicle-treated one in vivo. the amounts of non-hydroxyl ceramide (NHCER) (1.4 fold) and glucosylceramide (glucosylCER) (1.6 fold), in the skin of hairless mice, were increased by topical treament with PS. Also, we demonstrated that PS stimulated keratinocyte differentiation. We observed that PS treatment morphologically altered normal human keratinocyte (NHK) from the proliferating phase to the differentiating one, suggesting that PS stimulated epidermal differentiation in NHK. We also showed that the expressions of the specific markers for epidermal differentiation, involucrin (INV) (3.5 fold up) and transglutaminase 1 (TG'ase 1) (3 fold up), were significantly increased by PS treatment, compared to untreated control in vitro. In addition, topical treatment with PS resulted in a progressive increase in INV and loricrin protein levels in vivo. In conclusion, we provide the first evidence for the physiological activities of PS in skin, and we suggest that PS strengthen the epidermal permeability harrier by stimulation of keratinocyte differentiation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.45 no.8
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• pp.1162-1169
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• 2016

A new method based on accelerated solvent extraction (ASE) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) has been developed for optimization of the extraction of ginsenoside [Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3(20S)], total phenolics, and benzopyrene in red ginseng. The RSM method, based on a five level and two variable central composite design, was employed to obtain the optimal combination of extraction conditions. In brief, ginsenosides Rb1, Rg1, and Rg3(20S) and total phenolics with undetectable benzopyrene were optimally extracted with 50% ethanol as an extraction solvent, extraction temperature of $158^{\circ}C$, extraction time of 20 min, extraction pressure of 2,500 psi, flush volume of 60%, and one extraction cycle. The contents of ginsenosides and total phenolics in red ginseng extracted by ASE under optimum conditions were significantly higher than those extracted by sonication and reflux extraction.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.231-242
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• 2018

The efficient management of the Length of Stay(LOS) is important in hospital. It is import to reduce medical cost for patients and increase profitability for hospitals. In order to efficiently manage LOS, it is necessary to develop an artificial intelligence-based prediction model that supports hospitals in benchmarking and reduction ways of LOS. In order to develop a predictive model of LOS for acute stroke patients, acute stroke patients were extracted from 2013 and 2014 discharge injury patient data. The data for analysis was classified as 60% for training and 40% for evaluation. In the model development, we used traditional regression technique such as multiple regression analysis method, artificial intelligence technique such as interactive decision tree, neural network technique, and ensemble technique which integrate all. Model evaluation used Root ASE (Absolute error) index. They were 23.7 by multiple regression, 23.7 by interactive decision tree, 22.7 by neural network and 22.7 by esemble technique. As a result of model evaluation, neural network technique which is artificial intelligence technique was found to be superior. Through this, the utility of artificial intelligence has been proved in the development of the prediction LOS model. In the future, it is necessary to continue research on how to utilize artificial intelligence techniques more effectively in the development of LOS prediction model.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2018.10a
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• pp.593-596
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• 2018

The speed of vehicles has remained a significant factor that influences the severity of accidents and traffic accident rate in many parts of the world including South Korea. This behavior where drivers drive at speeds which exceed a posted safe threshold is known as 'speeding'. Over the past twenty years, the Korean National Police Agency (NPA) has become aware of an increased frequency of drivers who are speeding. Therefore, fixed-type ASE systems [1] have been installed on hazardous road sections of many highways. These system monitor vehicle speeds using a camera. However, the use of ASE systems has changed the behavior of the drivers. Specifically, drivers reduce speed or avoid the route where the cameras are mounted. It is not practical to install cameras at every possible location. Therefore, it is challenging to thoroughly explore the location where speeding occurs. In view of these problems, the author of this paper designed and implemented a prototype visualization system in which point and color are used to show vehicle location and associated over-speed information. All of this information was used to create a comprehensive visualization application to show information about vehicle driving. In this paper, we present an approach detecting vehicles moving at speeds which exceed a threshold and visualizing the points those violations occur on a map. This was done using vehicle trajectory data collected in Daegu city. We propose steps for exploring the data collected from those sensors. The resulting mapping has two layers. The first layer contains the dynamic vehicle trajectory data. The second underlying layer contains the static road networks. This allows comparing the speed of vehicles on roads with the known maximum safe speed of those roads, and presents the results with a visualization tool. We also compared data about people who drive over threshold safe speeds on each road on days and weekends based on vehicle trajectories. Finally, our study suggests improved times and locations where law enforcement should use monitoring with speed cameras, and where they should be stricter with traffic law enforcement. We learned that people will drive over the speed limit at midnight more than 1.9 times as often when compared with rush hour traffic at 8 o'clock in the morning, and 4.5 times as often when compared with traffic at 7 o'clock in the evening. Our study can benefit the government by helping them select better locations for installation of speed cameras. This would ultimately reduce police labor in traffic speed enforcement, and also has the potential to improve traffic safety in Daegu city.

• Journal of Korea Water Resources Association
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• v.55 no.3
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• pp.245-255
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• 2022

Evaluating the qualitative the qualitative process of water resources by using various indicators, as one of the most prevalent methods for optimal managing of water bodies, is necessary for having one regular plan for protection of water quality. In this study, zoning maps were developed on a yearly basis by collecting and reviewing the process, validating, and performing statistical tests on qualitative parameters҆ data of the Iranian aquifers from 1995 to 2020 using Geographic Information System (GIS), and based on Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW), Radial Basic Function (RBF), and Global Polynomial Interpolation (GPI) methods and Kriging and Co-Kriging techniques in three types including simple, ordinary, and universal. Then, minimum uncertainty and zoning error in addition to proximity for ASE and RMSE amount, was selected as the optimum model. Afterwards, the selected model was zoned by using Scholar and Wilcox. General evaluation of groundwater situation of Iran, revealed that 59.70 and 39.86% of the resources are classified into the class of unsuitable for agricultural and drinking purposes, respectively indicating the crisis of groundwater quality in Iran. Finally, for validating the extracted results, spatial changes in water quality were evaluated using the Groundwater Quality Index (GWQI), indicating high sensitivity of aquifers to small quantitative changes in water level in addition to severe shortage of groundwater reserves in Iran.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
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• v.7 no.12
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• pp.615-626
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• 2020

The purpose of this study is to analyze the determinants of risk factor model for the Jordanian banking stocks from 2006 to 2018. This study employs the Five-factor Fama and French's (2015) methodology and uses the annual returns of all Jordanian banks including 2 Islamic and 13 commercial banks listed on the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE) over a period of 13 years. The results show that the factors of value and profitability have an important role in evaluating the expected return in Jordanian banking stocks. Moreover, the value HML and profitability RMW factors provide the highest cumulative returns among these five factors, while the investment CMA and size SMB factors are still around zero cumulative returns. For the market factor, it provides the least negative cumulative returns. The results showed that the largest correlation is between value and investment factors which means that banks with a high book to market value become banks with a conservative investment strategy. The result of the sub-periods confirmed the value and profitability results. The findings of this study suggest that the five-factor Fama and French model is the choice of building an investment portfolio, especially the factors of value and profitability.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.5
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• pp.702-704
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• 2010

Purpose: Chordoma is a rare primary osseous tumor arising from the remnants of the primitive notochord. It occurs once in 2,000,000. It is characterized by its slow growth, high frequency to invade destroy bone by direct extension. We experienced giant sacral chordoma and reconstructed with gluteal advancement flap. Methods: A 52-year-old woman presented with a 2-years history of gluteal pain. In the biopsy study revealed sacral chordoma. MRI study showed $13{\times}12{\times}10\;cm$ sized m0cs. We approached anterior and posterior resection and reconstructed with bilateral gluteus maximus advancement flap. Results: After the operation, blader and anal function were slightly decreased. But, 4 months later those were almost fully recovered. There was no significant complication and recurrence after 2-years follow-up. Conclusion: Chordoma is characterized by its slow growth, high frequency to invade and destroy bone by direct extension. Wide surgical resection is the only curative procedure. We report a ase of giant sacral chordoma which was successfully treated by anterior and posterior approach and reconstructed with bilateral gluteal advancement flap.

• The Korean Journal of Food And Nutrition
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• v.11 no.5
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• pp.536-541
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• 1998

This study was carried out to investigate the changes of characteristics of myofibrillar protein for the vacuum chilled, the air frozen or the rechilled Holstein beef loin. The vacuum chilled beef was stored at 1$^{\circ}C$ and the air frozen beef was stored at -20$^{\circ}C$ for 60 days. The rechilled beef was restored for 3 days at 1$^{\circ}C$ by using the vacuum chilled or the air frozen beef. Myofibrillar protein extractability, 30,000 dalton component content and Mg-ATP ase activity for the vacuum chilled beef were higher than those of the air frozen beef. Each parameters increased significantly for the vacuum chilled beef after the 20 days storage, but there was no significant difference for the vacuum chilled beef after the 20 days storage, but there was no significant difference for the air frozen beef during the 60 days storage. By the rechilling process, myofibrillar protein extractability of the vacuum chilled and the frozen beef were not significant difference. The 30,000 dalton component of the vacuum chilled beef was showed not significant increment by rechilling, but the frozen beef was showed significant increment by rechilling. The Mg-ATPase activity of myofibrillar protein of the vacuum chilled beef was not changes by rechilling, but the frozen beef after the 20 days storage was significant increment by rechilling.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.157-167
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• 2005

The extraction yield of Corni fructus was about 47.5% by extract apparatus. This study was done to investigate the antidiabetic and antioxidative effects of Corni fructus in Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The contents of serum glucose, total cholesterol and hepatic lipid peroxide, glutathione were significantly decreaed (p<0.05) in Corni fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group, also content of triglyceride (TG), atherogenic index (AI) and activity of catalase were decreased, but not statistically significant. High density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol/total cholesterol ratio (HTR) were increased in Corni fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The activities of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly decreaed (p<0.05) in Corni fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. The content of hepatic glycogen and activities of glucose-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6 PDH), glucokin-ase were significantly increased, but activity of glucose-Grphosphatase (G-6 Pase)was decreased in Corni fructus treated group compared to the those of STZ-control group. Therefore, these results indicated that ethanol extract of Corni fructus would have antidiabetic and antioxidative effects in STZ-induced diabetic rats.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.851-856
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• 2007

수화는 청각장애인이 주로 사용하는 시각적인 언어이다. OpenGL 기반의 가상현실 공간을 배경으로 하여 청각장애인들이 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 수화 아바타의 움직임을 구현하기 위해, 본 논문에서는 수화 동작 데이터베이스를 구축하는 그래픽 사용자 인터페이스를 개발한다. 개발한 시스템에서는 아바타의 사실적인 표현과 친근감을 강조하기 위해 3D MAX 기반의 인체 아바타 모델의 픽셀 값을 ASE를 사용하여 C언어 코드로 변환함으로써 인간과 거의 비슷한 모델을 생성하였다. 손 모양 편집프로그램은 슬라이드 바를 사용하여 21개의 손 관절 각도를 조정할 수 있으며, 손 모양 코드번호와 손 모양 이름을 지정하여 수화단어 편집프로그램에서 사용하는 손 모양 데이터 형식으로 저장할 수 있다. 수화단어 편집프로그램은 수화단어 데이터 형식의 값을 설정하는 기능과 함께 손 모양 대칭복사, 검색, 추가, 수정, 삭제 기능을 제공함으로써 사용자가 손 모양을 쉽게 편집할 수 있도록 하였다. 손 모양 편집프로그램과 수화단어 편집프로그램을 사용하여 구성한 데이터베이스를 기반으로 수화 아바타가 가상현실 공간에서 인간과 유사한 움직임을 표현할 수 있도록 하였다.