• Proceedings of the KSRS Conference
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• 2008.10a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2008

New Orleans located in the estuary of the Mississippi River was attacked by Hurricane Katrina and suffered big flood on August 2005. Since unconsolidated Holocene to middle Miocene strata is the main basement rocks, land subsidence has been occurred steadily due to soil compaction and normal faulting. It was reported that the maximum subsidence rate from 2002 to 2005 was -29 mm/yr. Many studies in the area have been carried out for understanding the subsiding and potential risks caused by ground subsidence are weighted by the fact that a large area of the city is located below the mean sea level. A small baseline subset (SBAS) method is applied for effectively measuring time-series LOS (Line-of sight) surface deformation from differential synthetic aperture radar interferograms in this study. The time-series surface deformation at New Orleans was measured from RADARSAT-1 SAR images. The used dataset consists of twenty-one RADARSAT-1 fine beam mode images on descending orbits from February 2005 to February 2007 and another twenty-one RADARSAT-1 standard beam mode images on ascending orbits from January 2005 to February 2007. From this dataset, 25 and 38 differential interferograms on descending and ascending orbits were constructed, respectively. The vertical and horizontal components of surface deformation were extracted from ascending and descending LOS surface deformations. The result from vertical component of surface deformation indicates that subsidence is not significant with a mean rate of -3.1${\pm}$3.2 mm/yr.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.409-412
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• 2007

Purpose: Percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation is common method for hand fracture. It is simple but has risk of ascending infection through the pin and bony injury by multiple drilling. Ascending infection through pin tract is mostly superficial and can be treated with antibiotics and aseptic dressing. This is a case review of subacute osteomyelitis on phalangeal bones after Kirschner wire fixation with literature review. Methods: A 40-years-old man with distal phalangeal fracture on right second finger is presented. He went to a local clinic and had percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation under local anesthesia. He was transferred to our hospital for ulcerative wound on DIP joint at 4 weeks after operation. Radiography showed osteolytic change around medulla of middle and distal phalanges, leading to diagnosis of a subacute osteomyelitis. We treated it with amputation at the level of shaft of middle phalanx. Results: The postoperative course was uneventful. We thought several possible reasons for osteomyelitis in our case. First, it could resulted from ascending infection through the wire. Second, it could be resulted from a bony burn by repeated drilling. And bony necrosis could be a consequence of arterial insufficiency caused by 2 pin insertion. Conclusion: We suggest that a precise pinning based on accurate anatomical understanding is required for a percutaneous Kirschner wire fixation. The frequency of drilling should be minimized. Careful observation and patient education for pin site care are essential.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.29 no.6
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• pp.646-650
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• 1996

The usual methods for the re-attachment of coronary ostia to the ascending aortic conduit have several disadvantages and potential complications. A novel, straight forward technique is described that allows for tension free anastomoses to be co structed with minimal risk of blood loss and a reduced risk of reoperation for false aneurysms at the anastomoses. We performed this technique for the treatment of a 40-yrs-old male patient of acute aortic dissection (Stanford Type A, DeBakey Type I) with severe aortic re- gurgitation. The techinque comprised anastomosis of a beveled interposition tube graft to the left main coronary artery ostium, and its proximal anastomosis to the ascending aortic graft after seating the com- posite valve graft in the prepared aortic annulus. With this technique, the low-Iying or distant left main coronary ostium can be easily reattached to the ascending conduit without undue tension.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology
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• v.29 no.1
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• pp.299-308
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• 1999

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the qualities of the four different processing chemicals (solutions). Materials and Methods: With EP 21 films(Ektaspeed plus film, Kodak Co., USA), nine unexposed and nine exposed films of a step wedge were processed utilizing automatic film processor(XR 24, Durr Co., Germany) for 5 days. During 5 days, the total number of processed films including out-patient' s intraoral films were about 400-500 for each brand. Base plus fog density, film density, contrast of processed films were measured with densitometer(model 07-443 digital densitometer, Victoreen Co., USA). These measurements were analyzed for comparison. Results: The results were as follows, 1. For the base plus fog density. there was significant difference among the four chemicals (p<0.05). The sequence of the base plus fog densities was in ascending order by Kodak, X-dol 90. Agfa and Konica. 2. For the film density. all chemicals showed useful range of photographic densities(0.25-2.5). The sequence of the film densities was in ascending order by Kodak, X-dol 90, Konica and Agfa. But there was no statistically significant difference of film density between X-dol and Kodak (p<0.05). 3. The sequence of the contrasts was in ascending order by Konica, X-dol 90, Kodak and Agfa. But there was no statistically significant difference of contrast between X-dol and Konica (p<0.05). Conclusion: These results indicated that the four processing chemicals had clinically useful film density and contrast. but only Kodak processing chemical had useful base plus fog density.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.185-192
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• 1986

The production and decomposition rate of litters from the three different locations, Quercus acutissium forest at 630 m, Q. mongolica forests at 1, 005m and 1, 490 m of Mt. Dokyoo, were estimated by Olson model. The contents of N, P, K, Ca and Na in soils were measured and the relationships among them were elucidated. The amounts of litter production in Q. mangolica were the lowest, 378.96g/$m^2$ at 1, 490 m and the highest, 876.12g/$m^2$ at 1, 005 m. And the amounts of litter production in Q. acutissima at 630 m was 686.16 g/$m^2$. The decay rate of litters in Q. mongolica was the smallest, 0.123 at 1, 490 m, and the largest, 0.222 at 1, 005 m. And that in Q. acutissima was 0.169 at 630 m which was the medium rate. The production and decay rate of litters decreased with the ascending altitude. The values at 630 m were maller than those at 1, 005 m. This might be due to the fact that the tree species at 630 m was Q. acutissima was 0.169 at 630 m which was the medium rate. The production and decay rate of litters decreased with the ascending altitude. The values at 630 m was Q. acutissima which was different from Q. mongolica at 1, 005 m and 1, 490 m. The half-0life of litter decay in Q. monglica was 5, 634 years at 1, 490 m and 3.134 years at 1, 005 m. And that in Q. acutissima was 4.132 years at 630 m. The decay rates of litters were tend to be inversely proportional to the ascending altitude. The annual standing stocks of mineral and their amounts returned to the soil were proportional to the decay rate of organic matters.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.41-54
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• 1987

Accurate determination of Sea Surface Temperature (SST) is essential for ocean and climate studies. This paper estimated SST in the sea region around the Korea from the Advenced Very High Resolution Radiometer(AVHRR) channel 4 data on board NOAA-9 satellite. The processing procedure used to derive SSTs utilized: 1) Ascending node prediction of satellite orbit 2) Geometric correction 3) Radiometric calibration and radiance to temperature conversion look up table 4) Removing cloudy area. SST product results are displayed as colored video and hardcopy. In this processing, geometric correction is derived from equator crossing time, ascending time and subpoint coordinate information. Also, normalized response function of infrared 10.5-11.5$\mu\textrm{m}$ wavelength is used for temperature conversion. The SST derived from this processing is relatively similar to the measurements made by ship data, but because of water vapor attenuation SST from satellite are in general 2$^{\circ}$- $^{\circ}C$ lower than the ship data.

• Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.135-144
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• 2021

Purpose: Although ultrasonography is the gold standard of diagnosing intussusception, plain abdomen radiograph (AXR) is often used to make differential diagnosis for pediatric patients with abdominal pain. In intussusception patients, we aimed to analyze the AXR and clinical data to determine the characteristics of early AXR findings associated with diagnosis of intussusception and recurrence after reduction. Methods: Between January 2011 and June 2018, 446 patients diagnosed with intussusception based on International Classification of Diseases-10 code of K56.1 were admitted. We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 398 patients who received air reduction; 51 of them have recurred after initial reduction. We evaluated six AXR features including absent ascending colon gas, absent transverse colon gas, target sign, meniscus sign, mass, and ileus. Clinical data and AXR features were compared between single episode and recurrence groups. Results: Two groups did not show significant differences regarding clinical data. Mean time to recurrence from air reduction was 3.4±3.2 days. Absent ascending colon gas (63.9%) was the most common feature in intussusception, followed by mass (29.1%). All of six AXR features were observed more frequently in the recurrence group. Absent transverse colon gas was the most closely associated AXR finding for recurrence (odds ratio, 2.964; 95% confidence interval, 1.327-6.618; p=0.008). Conclusion: In our study, absence of ascending colon gas was the most frequently seen AXR factor in intussusception patients. Extended and careful observation after reduction may be beneficial if such finding on AXR is found in intussusception patients.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.30 no.12
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• pp.1067-1079
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• 2021

The coastal water is a space where salmon (Oncorhynchus keta), critical energy-conveying mediator, stay to adapt to different environments while traveling between ocean and river ecosystems for spawning and growth. The mid-eastern coast of Korea (MECW) is the southern limit of salmon distributed in the North Pacific Ocean. Understanding the distribution and migration characteristics of salmon in the MECW is important for the prediction of changes in the amount and distribution of salmon related to changes in the future marine environment. We analyzed the relationship between the salmon migratory timing ascending the Wangpi river and change in vertical seawater temperature and tidal elevation. Overall results highlight that (1) Salmon began to ascend the river when the sea surface water temperature (SST) decreased below 20℃; (2) The number of salmon ascending the river increased when the temperature difference between the upper and lower layers decreased, but decreased when the temperature difference was higher than 5℃; (3) The number of salmon ascending the river peaked, when the SST was 18℃-19℃ and sea levels rose at high tide. This study provide important insight into predicting changes in the ecosystem energy circulation through climate change at its southern distribution limit.

• PNF and Movement
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.107-117
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• 2023

Purpose: The aim of this study is to compare the immediate effects of weight-assisting methods on vastus medialis oblique (VMO) and vastus lateralis (VL) muscle activation, on the VMO/VL muscle activation ratio, and on muscle onset time in healthy subjects when ascending stairs. Methods: Healthy participants were randomly assigned to the belt group (n = 11), hand group (n = 11), and control group (n = 11). In the belt group, a belt was wrapped around the sacrum and pulled forward with both hands, moving the center of weight forward, while ascending stairs. The hand group grasped the hips with both hands and climbed stairs, assisting their weight from the rear and moving the center of weight backward, and the control group climbed the stairs without any intervention. Results: Muscle activation of the VMO decreased significantly after the intervention in the belt and hand groups, and activation of the VL muscle in both groups showed a greater decrease than that of the VMO muscle. Further, the VMO/VL muscle activation ratio increased significantly, with an improvement shown in the order of the belt group, hand group, and control group, while muscle onset time also improved in the order of the belt group, hand group, and control group. Conclusion: The belt group demonstrated the greatest effect across all dependent variables, confirming that in clinical practice, these two weight-assisting methods are more effective interventions during stair ascent for patients with knee joint instability, pain, and imbalance than no assistance.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.38 no.3 s.248
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• pp.221-228
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• 2005

Reduction aortoplasty has been advocated for dilatation of the ascending aorta associated with aortic valve disease in older, high-risk patients. We report our results with modification of reduction aortoplasty and aortic valve replacement. Material and Method: Between July 2001 and December 2002, 14 consecutive patients who underwent modification of reduction aortoplasty, suture plication technique without excision of the dilated aortic wall, were reviewed. The mean age was 63.7$\pm$6.7 (50 to 75) years. Ten patients had congenital bicuspid aortic valve, Twelve patients had severe aortic valve stenosis and 6 had regurgitation of grade III$\~$IV. The diameter of the ascending aorta was measured before and immediately after surgery and 6 and 12 months postoperatively using echocardiography or computed tomography. Follow-up was complete in an average of 14.7$\~$5.4 (7 to 24) months. Result: There were no early postoperative deaths and no bleeding complications. Reduction aortoplasty with suture plication technique decreased the diameter of ascending aorta from 49.4$\pm$3.5 mm preoperatively to 33.2$\pm$3.4 mm postoperatively (p <0.001). During follow-up, there were no late deaths and no aneurysm recurrence on the ascending aorta. Conclusion: Suture plication technique of reduction aortoplasty without excision of the dilated aortic wall offers good early and short-term results in older, high-risk patients with dilatation of the ascending aorta associated with aortic valve disease. Surgical long-term results of our technique should be evaluated in further studies.