• Journal of Korean Physical Therapy Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.73-80
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• 2011

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the correlation between the visual perception ability and the static dynamic balance ability in health elderly. Method: The Motor Free Visual Perception Test-Row Score(MVPT-RS) and MVPT-Process Time(MVPT-PT) were used for evaluating the visual perception abilities. Assessment of the balance ability was taken by using Good Balance System. In the assessment using Good Balance System, X, Y coordinate speed, anterior-posterior direction, medial-lateral direction and Velocity Movement(VM) in standing posture when eye open were measured as static balance abilities. Thirty-seven healthy elderly who live in Gwangyang participated in the experiment for 2 months, from October to November 2010. Results: 1. There were statistically significant differences of MVPT-RS, MVPT-PT, NSB-X, NSB-Y, NSB-VM, OLB-X, and OLB-VM based on the gender(p<0.05). 2. The negative correlations of MVPT-RS:NSB-Y(r=-0.354), MVPT-RS:OLB-X(r=-0.4), MVPT-RS: OLB-Y(r=-0.371), but positive correlations of MVPT-PT:DTB-T showed a statistical significance(r=0.45, p<0.05). 3. The positive correlations of NSB-X:NSB-Y(r=0.54), NSB-X: NSB-VM(r=0.848), NSB-Y:NSB-VM(r=0.531), OLB-X:OLB-Y(r=0.876), OLB-X:OLB-VM(r=0.872), and OLB-Y:OLB-VM(r=0.787) showed statistical significances(p<0.05). Conclusion: These results showed that the visual perception ability was correlated with some balance ability in health elderly. Especially the perception test process time(MVPT-PT) has closely related with the DTB-T. The visual perception ability is considered as a factor on the balance ability in health elderly. Further study will focus on the development of improving program of visual perception ability as an improving method of balancing ability in health elderly.

• Biomedical Science Letters
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.119-125
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• 2007

It is widely known that protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) are involved in controlling many biological processes such as cell growth, differentiation, proliferation, survival and apoptosis. An $\alpha3\beta4$ subunit combination acts as a major functional acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) in male rat major pelvic ganglion (MPG) neurons, and their activation induces fast inward currents and intracellular calcium increases. Recently it has been reported that the activity of acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) in some neurons can be negatively regulated by PTKs. However, the exact mechanism of regulation of nAChRs by PTKs is poorly understood. Therefore, we examined the potential role particular in nAChR by PTK using electrophysiology and calcium imaging in male rat MPG neurons. ACh induced inward currents and $(Ca^{2+})_i$ increases in MPG neurons, concomitantly. These responses were inhibited by more than 90% in $Na^+$- or $Ca^{2+}$- free solution. $\alpha$-conotoxin AuIB, a selective $\alpha3\beta4$ nAChR blocket, inhibited ACh-induced inward currents. Genistein (10 $\mu$M), a broad-spectrum tyrosine kinase inhibitor, markedly decreased ACh-induced currents and $Ca^{2+}$ transients, whereas 10 $\mu$M genistin, an inactive analogue, had little effect. Overall these data suggest that the activities of $\alpha3\beta4$ AChRs in MPG neurons are positively regulated by PTK. In conclusion, trosine kinase may be one of the key factors in the regulation of $\alpha3\beta4$ nAChRs in rat MPG neurons, which may play an important roles in the autonomic neuronal function such as synaptic transmission, autonomic reflex, and neuronal plasticity.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.42 no.7 s.337
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• pp.27-36
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• 2005

This paper presents an area-efficient architecture to implement the high-speed Reed-Solomon(RS) decoder, which is used in a variety of communication systems such as wireless and very high-speed optical communications. We present the new pipelined-recursive Modified Euclidean(PrME) architecture to achieve high-throughput rate and reducing hardware-complexity using folding technique. The proposed pipelined recursive architecture can reduce the hardware complexity about 80$\%$ compared to the conventional systolic-array and fully-parallel architecture. The proposed RS decoder has been designed and implemented with the 0.13um CMOS technology in a supply voltage of 1.2 V. The result show that total number of gate is 393 K and it has a data processing rate of S Gbits/s at clock frequency of 625 MHz. The proposed area-efficient architecture can be readily applied to the next generation FEC devices for high-speed optical communications as well as wireless communications.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.173-188
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• 2005

The present study aims to derive and compare narrow and broad bandwidths of ocean color sensor’s algorithms for the study of monitoring highly dynamic coastal oceanic environmental parameters using high-resolution imagery acquired from Multi-spectral Camera (MSC) on KOMPSAT-2. These algorithms are derived based on a large data set of remote sensing reflectances ($R_{rs}$) generated by using numerical model that relates $b_b/(a + b_b)$ to $R_{rs}$ as functions of inherent optical properties, such as absorption and backscattering coefficients of six water components including water, phytoplankton (chl), dissolved organic matter (DOM), suspended sediment (SS) concentration, heterotropic organism (he) and an unknown component, possibly represented by bubbles or other particulates unrelated to the first five components. The modeled $R_{rs}$ spectra appear to be consistent with in-situ spectra collected from Korean waters. As Kompsat-2 MSC has similar spectral characteristics with Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM), the model generated $R_{rs}$ values at 2 ㎚ interval are converted to the equivalent remote sensing reflectances at MSC and TM bands. The empirical relationships between the spectral ratios of modeled $R_{rs}$ and chlorophyll concentrations are established in order to derive algorithms for both TM and MSC. Similarly, algorithms are obtained by relating a single band reflectance (band 2) to the suspended sediment concentrations. These algorithms derived by taking into account the narrow and broad spectral bandwidths are compared and assessed. Findings suggest that there was less difference between the broad and narrow band relationships, and the determination coefficient $(r^2)$ for log-transformed data [ N = 500] was interestingly found to be $(r^2)$ = 0.90 for both TM and MSC. Similarly, the determination coefficient for log-transformed data [ N = 500] was 0.93 and 0.92 for TM and MSC respectively. The algorithms presented here are expected to make significant contribution to the enhanced understanding of coastal oceanic environmental parameters using Multi-spectral Camera.

• Anxiety and mood
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.122-126
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• 2019

Objective : Dynamic proteolysis, through the ubiquitin-proteasome system, is an important molecular mechanism for the constant regulation of synaptic plasticity and stress responses in humans. In this study, we examined whether genetic variants in the ubiquitin-specific peptidase (USP) genes were associated with psychological traits of resilience and susceptibility to neuropsychiatric disorders for each gender. Methods : A total of 344 Korean healthy youths (190 males, 154 females) were included in the study. A genotyping of rs2241646 of USP2 and rs346006 of USP46 was performed. The Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale and Brief Fear of Negative Evaluation Scale were administered for measuring trait resilience and social anxiety, respectively. The genetic associations of the USP variants were tested using multiple analyses of covariance with psychological traits as dependent variables after controlling for age in each gender. Results : For USP2 rs2241646, women with the TT genotype showed significantly higher resilience and lower social anxiety, as compared to those carrying the C allele. There were no associations between USP46 rs346005 and the psychological traits in both genders. Conclusions : The present study showed a possible genetic association between the USP2 rs2241646 and stress resilience and trait anxiety in women. The findings suggest that ubiquitin-proteasome system may be related to the resilience and susceptibility to stress-related neuropsychiatric disorders such as anxiety disorders, possibly through the regulation of dynamic proteolysis responses to stress.

• Journal of Korean Neurosurgical Society
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• v.66 no.5
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• pp.525-535
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• 2023

Objective : We performed an expanded multi-ethnic meta-analysis to identify associations between inflammation-related loci with intracranial aneurysm (IA) susceptibility. This meta-analysis possesses increased statistical power as it is based on the most data ever evaluated. Methods : We searched and reviewed relevant literature through electronic search engines up to August 2022. Overall estimates were calculated under the fixed- or random-effect models using pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Subgroup analyses were performed according to ethnicity. Results : Our meta-analysis enrolled 15 studies and involved 3070 patients and 5528 controls including European, Asian, Hispanic, and mixed ethnic populations. Of 17 inflammation-related variants, the rs1800796 locus (interleukin [IL]-6) showed the most significant genome-wide association with IA in East-Asian populations, including 1276 IA patients and 1322 controls (OR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.56-0.75; p=3.24#x00D7;10^-9) under a fixed-effect model. However, this association was not observed in the European population (OR, 1.09; 95% CI, 0.80-1.47; p=0.5929). Three other variants, rs16944 (IL-1β), rs2195940 (IL-12B), and rs1800629 (tumor necrosis factor-α) showed a statistically nominal association with IA in both the overall, as well as East-Asian populations (0.01<p<0.05). Conclusion : Our updated meta-analysis with increased statistical power highlights that rs1800796 which maps on the IL-6 gene is associated with IA, and in particular confers a protective effect against occurrence of IA in the East-Asian population.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.39 no.6_2
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• pp.1565-1576
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• 2023

An atmospheric correction algorithm based on the radiative transfer model is required to obtain remote-sensing reflectance (R_rs) from the Geostationary Ocean Color Imager-II (GOCI-II) observed at the top-of-atmosphere. This R_rs derived from the atmospheric correction is utilized to estimate various marine environmental parameters such as chlorophyll-a concentration, total suspended materials concentration, and absorption of dissolved organic matter. Therefore, an atmospheric correction is a fundamental algorithm as it significantly impacts the reliability of all other color products. However, in clear waters, for example, atmospheric path radiance exceeds more than ten times higher than the water-leaving radiance in the blue wavelengths. This implies atmospheric correction is a highly error-sensitive process with a 1% error in estimating atmospheric radiance in the atmospheric correction process can cause more than 10% errors. Therefore, the quality assessment of R_rs after the atmospheric correction is essential for ensuring reliable ocean environment analysis using ocean color satellite data. In this study, a Quality Assurance (QA) algorithm based on in-situ R_rs data, which has been archived into a database using Sea-viewing Wide Field-of-view Sensor (SeaWiFS) Bio-optical Archive and Storage System (SeaBASS), was applied and modified to consider the different spectral characteristics of GOCI-II. This method is officially employed in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)'s ocean color satellite data processing system. It provides quality analysis scores for R_rs ranging from 0 to 1 and classifies the water types into 23 categories. When the QA algorithm is applied to the initial phase of GOCI-II data with less calibration, it shows the highest frequency at a relatively low score of 0.625. However, when the algorithm is applied to the improved GOCI-II atmospheric correction results with updated calibrations, it shows the highest frequency at a higher score of 0.875 compared to the previous results. The water types analysis using the QA algorithm indicated that parts of the East Sea, South Sea, and the Northwest Pacific Ocean are primarily characterized as relatively clear case-I waters, while the coastal areas of the Yellow Sea and the East China Sea are mainly classified as highly turbid case-II waters. We expect that the QA algorithm will support GOCI-II users in terms of not only statistically identifying R_rs resulted with significant errors but also more reliable calibration with quality assured data. The algorithm will be included in the level-2 flag data provided with GOCI-II atmospheric correction.

• ETRI Journal
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.612-621
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• 2016

A new time-domain decoder for Reed-Solomon (RS) codes is proposed. Because this decoder can correct both errors and erasures without computing the erasure locator, errata locator, or errata evaluator polynomials, the computational complexity can be substantially reduced. Herein, to demonstrate this benefit, complexity comparisons between the proposed decoder and the Truong-Jeng-Hung and Lin-Costello decoders are presented. These comparisons show that the proposed decoder consistently has lower computational requirements when correcting all combinations of ${\nu}$ errors and ${\mu}$ erasures than both of the related decoders under the condition of $2{\nu}+{\mu}{\leq}d_{\min}-1$, where $d_{min}$ denotes the minimum distance of the RS code. Finally, the (255, 223) and (63, 39) RS codes are used as examples for complexity comparisons under the upper bounded condition of min $2{\nu}+{\mu}=d_{\min}-1$. To decode the two RS codes, the new decoder can save about 40% additions and multiplications when min ${\mu}=d_{min}-1$ as compared with the two related decoders. Furthermore, it can also save 50% of the required inverses for min $0{\leq}{\mu}{\leq}d_{\min}-1$.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.207-215
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• 1997

The miscellaneous variables observed by OGLE Project of searching for dark matter in our Galaxy have been analyzed to find their characteristics. We investigated evolutionary status, shape of light curve, relationship between orbital period and amplitude of light variation for the miscellaneous variables. The miscellaneous variables except ellipsoidal variables are subgiants or giants. The shapes of the light curves are similar to those of nearby RS CVn type stars. The amplitudes of the light variations decrease rapidly as increasing their orbital periods for the variables whose periods are shorter than 30 days, while the amplitudes decrease slowly for the variables whose periods are longer that 30 days. Thus the OGLE miscellaneous variables are classified as the RS CVn type stars.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.215-220
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• 1999

The Physical properties of corn starch were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffractometry and differential scanning calorimetry during the formation of enzyme-resistant starch(RS). Samples were studied in their native states and after annealing at 50, 55, 60 and 65℃ in excess water(starch : water=1:3) for 48hr. Starch granules became smaller and more rounded after annealing than in their native state. Annealing did not change the X-ray profile of native corn starch. After autoclaving-cooling cycles, native starch lost most of its crystallinity but annealed ones showed some of their crystallinity left as diffuse or poor B-type, which didn't relate to increasing Rs yields. During formation of RS, however, both native and annealed starches changed their X-ray profile from A-type to poor B-type of retrograded amylose. Annealing caused an increase in gelatinization temperature and enthalpy, but a narrowing of gelatinization temperature range. Only starch annealed at 65℃, however, showed a decrease in enthalpy even though its gelatinization temperature increased, which appeared to be due to the partial gelatinization in the amorphous region during annealing. Peak height index(PHI), the ratio of ΔH to Ti-To, increased by annealing. PHI values, therefore, showed the possibility as an indicator to predict RS yield which cannot be differentiated by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction data.