• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing
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• v.36 no.8
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• pp.1340-1351
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• 2006

Purpose. To determine and compare the perception among nurses and doctors of the roles and tasks of critical care advanced practice nurses (APNs) in order to establish standardized and formally agreed role criteria for such critical care APNs. Method. This study measured and analyzed the necessity of each of the roles and tasks of critical care APNs, as perceived by nurses and doctors, through a survey of 121 participants: 71 nurses in 7 intensive care units (ICUs) at a general hospital in Seoul, and 50 doctors who used ICUs. Data collection utilized a questionnaire of 128 questions in the following fields: direct practice (79), leadership and change agent (17), consultation and collaboration (15), education and counseling (11), and research (6). Results. Both the nurses' and the doctors' groups confirmed the necessity of critical care APNs, with doctors who frequently used ICUs indicating a particularly strong need. As for the priority of each role of critical care APNs, the nurses considered direct practice to be the most critical, followed by education and counseling, research, consultation and collaboration, and leadership and change agent. The doctors also considered direct practice to be the most critical, followed by education and counseling, consultation and collaboration, research, and leadership and change agent. There was a statistically significant difference between how the two groups regarded all the roles, except for the consultation and collaboration roles. As for the necessity of each role of critical care APNs, the nurses considered research to be the most necessary, followed by education and counseling, consultation and collaboration, leadership and change agent, and direct practice. The doctors, on the other hand, considered education and counseling to be the most necessary, followed by research, consultation and collaboration, leadership and change agent, and direct practice. The responses of the two groups to all the roles, except for education and counseling roles, were significantly different. Conclusion. Nurses and doctors have different perceptions of the roles and tasks of critical care APNs. Thus, it is necessary for the combined nursing and medical fields to reach an official agreement on a set of criteria to standardize for the roles and tasks of critical care APNs.

• Research in Community and Public Health Nursing
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.143-155
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• 2020

Purpose: This study aimed to explore the difficulties and coping that advanced practice nurses (APNs) experience in home health nursing field. Methods: The participants were 12 APNs who had experience in home health nursing for over 5 years. Data were collected through two focus group interviews between August and September, 2017. The results were analyzed using a qualitative content analysis. Results: Out of 10 sub-categories and 29 codes, 4 categories emerged: "crushed by the responsibilities as the only healthcare professional", "worn out by family who interfere with work", "anxiety about my safety being threatened" and "using self-learned know-hows". Conclusion: APNs face difficulties due to the environmental characteristics of the homes, the characteristics of chronically critically ill (CCI) patients and their families, and legal or systematical limitations when dealing with problems based on their personal competence. In order to ensure that professional nursing care is more readily provided to CCI patients through home health nursing services in local communities, it is imperative that support systems at the organizational and institutional levels be established in a systematic way to resolve the issues faced by APNs.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.14 no.12
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• pp.6146-6154
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• 2013

This study examined the status on job satisfaction and job performance of Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) in Korea. The data was obtained from the 2009 APNs' job satisfaction survey of 452 nurses who received the certificate of APN between 2005 and 2008 conducted by the Korean Accreditation Board of Nursing Education. ANOVA and t-test analyses using SPSS version 14.0 were performed. The average job satisfaction level of the APNs was 2.94 out of 5.00. APNs who were performing jobs as a certified APN had a higher level of job satisfaction (t=.23, p<.001), higher wages (t=2.23, p<.05), promotion in rank (t=2.56, p<.05), more professional job performance (t=10.52, p<.001), greatest trust in their bosses and coworkers (t=5.31, p<.001), and higher confidence in their job performance (t=5.07, p<.001) than those who were not. The government and the nursing community need to provide the APNs' with the appropriate supply and demand polices, as well as a proper incentive system and job improvement.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.335-346
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• 2015

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to identify patient satisfaction about nursing care provided by Advanced Practice Nurses (APN) using the La Monica-Oberst Patient Satisfaction Scale (LOPSS). Methods: The investigation was conducted including 263 patients who experienced care provided by 41 APNs at a tertiary hospital in Korea. Patient satisfaction with nursing care was measured using 41-item LOPSS. We analyzed the data using descriptive statistics, independent t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: Overall patient satisfaction with APN care was high. The LOPSS scores for APNs were 52.26 for good impression, 61.75 for interpersonal support, 81.32 for dissatisfaction and 195.93 for total score. "APNs talk down to me" was a reverse coding item which demonstrated the highest score for patient satisfaction. Among patients' characteristics, age and type of main caregiver were independent factors related to patients's satisfaction. Among APN's characteristics, work experience was significantly related to patients' satisfaction. Conclusion: This study identified patient satisfaction regarding nursing care provided by APNs. High patient satisfaction in APN services demonstrated APNs' contribution to quality improvement in health care services. It is recommended that various outcome research about APN service needs to be performed.

• Journal of Korean Academy of Nursing Administration
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.352-361
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• 2007

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop roles and organizational policy of advanced practice nurses (APNs) in an acute hospital setting. Method: The design of the study was to descriptive-exploratory. Sample consisted of 43 participants who included 13 nurses, 18 nurse managers and 12 physicians. Survey, interview and focus group interview were performed to obtain the data. Results: The expected roles of APNs were education and counseling, direct management patient care with advanced skills, research, and collaboration and coordination among several departments. The expected outcomes were patient satisfaction, improved access to care, decreased the rate of complications, and speedy provision of services. Based on research, a proposal of APNs roles and organizational policy in a hospital setting was developed, which included definition of APNs, qualification, roles and specific roles, specialty areas, accountability, recruitment and affiliation, privileges, and expected outcomes. Conclusion: This study gives a guideline on how to introduce and use APNs in acute care tertiary settings.

• Journal of Korean Clinical Nursing Research
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.157-174
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• 2010

Purpose: This study aims to develop, verify, and suggest outcome indicators for advanced practice nurses (APNs) in order to clarify their usefulness. Methods: To develop outcome indicators, the following methods were applied: reviewing literature intended to identify preliminary outcome indicators; surveying outcome indicators currently used for APNs and collecting the opinions from representatives of the professionals in clinical practice; verifying the content validity of preliminary outcome indicators by professionals and verifying the preliminary outcome indicators with 252 APNs. Results: Suggested outcome indicators are categorized into 84 items in total. Of these, the number of outcome indicators commonly appearing across disciplines was 18, mostly related to satisfaction and education. A majority of other outcome indictors exhibiting high relevance to individual disciplines are associated with care, including critical care (19 items), oncologic care (9 items) and emergency care (10 items). Conclusion: As the outcome indicators identified in this study are available to demonstrate the usefulness of APNs, it is recommended that future studies need to select and use appropriate outcome indicators according to characteristics and conditions of the discipline under examination. In addition, it is necessary to validate whether the suggested outcome indicators reflect adequately the practices of APNs.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Computer Information Conference
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• 2013.01a
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• pp.185-188
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• 2013

음성통화 위주의 통신 시장이 무선 인터넷 중심으로 변함에 따라 스마트디바이스의 생태계가 진화하고 있다. 일반 데스크탑 환경에서 보여지는 웹을 바탕으로 모바일 디바이스에서도 데스크탑 퀄리티의 환경을 사용할 수 있게 되었다. 또한 UI를 비롯하여 사용자 중심의 각종 서비스들이 개발되고 있으며 향후, 2016년까지 전 세계 모바일 데이터 트래픽이 현재의 10배 수준으로 증가할 것으로 전망하고 있다. 본 논문에서는 기존 모바일디바이스를 활용한 주문 시스템의 단점과 한계를 APNs방식을 사용하여 모바일 데이터사용량을 최소화함으로써 모바일 데이터 트래픽의 낭비가 심한 문제점을 보완하였다. 또한 TLS peer-to-peer방식을 사용하여 신뢰성 있는 접속환경을 만듦으로써 보완성을 높였다. 전송에 대한 반응과 보완성을 높여 기존 방식에 비하여 더욱 안정적인 환경을 구축하였다.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.39-53
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to grasp the present system of Advanced Practice Nurse(APN) and to suggest strategies for enhancing the recognition of APNs institutionally in Korea. We searched and reviewed literature and materials about the APN development process and present situation and related laws. We recognized that there were many kinds of problems in the APN system of Korea: a weak support from health care system, obscured classification of APN's services, confusion of qualifications, and lack of compensation from the national health insurance system. We should, therefore, identity the list of Korean APN's services and provide further studies about patient's outcome cared by APNs. Also, there is a need to create a demand for APNs to keep the quality of services guaranteed by APN. APN system must be established to progress forward in order to provide good benefits for the people.

• Perspectives in Nursing Science
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.23-35
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• 2010

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to analyze the demand and supply of advanced practice nurses and suggest alternative benefit strategies in the Korean national health insurance. Methods: A revised demand & supply model was used to estimate the excess supply of APNs, and policy making process and key actors in the Korean health insurance were considered to develop a political approach to the APN issue. Results: The social demand for APNs is currently estimated to be less than 50% of its supply and the APN education program fell into difficulties in recruits. No reimbursement mechanism for APN's services in the national health insurance has given no economic incentive to hospital managers who have monopsony power in nursing labor market, which has caused the demand shortage of APNs in hospital industry. Payment for APN's services recognized as one of the most significant strategies to booster the social demand for APN's services should be carefully designed and implemented in the national health insurance. In line with this, key actors in health insurance policy decision-making include government, national assembly, labor unions, NGOs, civic groups, medical associations, and academia. Conclusion: The basic researches for APN's activities and cost-effectiveness analysis in clinical settings are required to support the strategies aforementioned. Constructing a policy network among key actors is able to make the payment strategy feasible, which will increase the socal demand for APNs.

• Journal of Korean Critical Care Nursing
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.1-10
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• 2023

Purpose : This study explores the professional status of Advanced Practice Nurses (APNs) in Korea, who, despite being legally certified, face instability in their professional standing, including their scope of practice and compensation. Method : The study uses Flexner's professional characteristics as a framework to analyze and project the future trajectory of Korean APNs. Results : First, to ensure social accountability, professional bodies need to establish uniform nursing policies related to job roles, and healthcare institutions must adhere to these policies. Second, nursing leaders should spearhead the creation of nursing knowledge essential for the profession's advancement, aiming to establish it as the foundation for nursing practice through a consensus process within the nursing community. Third, the curriculum for APNs should enhance the quantitative and qualitative aspects of practice in response to societal needs. Fourth, professional bodies should formulate consistent nursing policies based on a thorough analysis of the healthcare environment and legal considerations, and guide their implementation in clinical practice through a consensus process within the nursing community. Lastly, guidelines should be established for professional standards suitable for the Korean context. Conclusion : Based on this review, it is recommended that all APNs adhere to the professional standards set by their respective organizations, actively participate in personal quality improvement initiatives, and fulfill their duties and roles as members of these professional bodies. Furthermore, these organizations should devise practical strategies to solidify the APN system and should spearhead a systematic consensus process that garners the agreement of all members within the nursing community.