• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
• /
• v.20 no.2
• /
• pp.147-155
• /
• 2004

Objectives: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the most common head and neck malignant tumor. The molecular genetic changes involving both oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are known to be involved in head and neck squamous cell carcinogenesis, but the roles of the known tumor suppressor genes in carcinogenesis are not fully elucidated. The objectives of this study are to demonstrate the genetic alterations including the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) , amplification, and microsatellite instability of known tumor suppressor genes in HNSCC and to evaluate the relationship between genetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes and clinicopathologic features. Materials and Methods: Genetic alterations of 10 micro satellite markers of the 6 known tumor suppressor genes (APC, EXT1, DPC4, p16, FHIT, and PTEN) were analysed by DNA-PCR in paraffin-embedded histologically confirmed HNSCC specimens. Results: The genetic alterations of tumor suppressor genes were found frequently. Among the genetic alterations, LOH was most frequently found one. LOH was found frequently in APC (45.4%), EXT1 (36.4%), DPC4 (54.5%), and p16 (50%), but not found in FHIT. Also, the author found that abnormalities of APC gene was related to cervical lymph node metastasis and recurrence and that abnormalities of EXT1 gene were coexisted with those of APC gene or DPC4 gene. But these coexistences had no correlation with clinical features. Conclusion: These results suggested that APC, EXT1, p16, and DPC4 genes might play important roles and multiple tumor suppressor genes may participate dependently or independently in the carcinogenesis of HNSCC. These results also suggested that APC gene might relate to prognosis.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.36 no.6
• /
• pp.851-856
• /
• 2004

Minerals separated from irradiated dried red pepper (whole) at 2.5 kGy or higher showed typical thermoluminescence (TL) glow curves ($TL_1$) at around $150^{\circ}C$, which increased with irradiation dose. The TL ratio ($TL_1/TL_2$) through re-irradiation step at 1 kGy enhanced reliability of TL identification results. DNA comet assay indicated that the intact cell was observed in non-irradiated pepper (seed), while some long tails were found in irradiated ones, showing relationship between irradiation dose and tail length. Log DEPT/APC values increased in proportion to irradiation doses in powdered and whole peppers. Based on overall results, irradiated dried red peppers could be screened using DNA comet assay or log DEFT/APC, and moreover the identification results were verified by TL analysis.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
• /
• v.19 no.4
• /
• pp.195-202
• /
• 2010

Cooling air-conditioning of APC (Agricultural Products processing Center) workplace is important to improve the working environment in the summer season. As existing cooling systems for air-conditioning of whole workplace are inefficient because of their high equipment operating costs, relatively inexpensive cooling system is required. The objectives of this study were to simulate the thermal flow fields in APC workplace having the positive and negative pressure type fan and pad systems and spot cooling system by using CFD software (FLUENT, 6.2) and estimate the cooling effectiveness of respective cooling systems. The results showed that the negative pressure type fan and pad system was inappropriate for the present APC workplace because of excessive outside air influx from open gateway and the positive pressure type fan and pad system created relatively low temperature field but non-uniform velocity field at worker positions. The spot cooling system could supply cool air to worker positions with relatively constant air velocity and temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
• /
• v.37 no.4
• /
• pp.255-286
• /
• 2020

This study aims to identify the methods of implementation for the 'National Research Foundation of Korea Open Access 2021(Plan)'. This study covers the methods of implementation in the three following core items: 1) developing the details on the amount, method, and procedures of APC support; 2) proposing methods for facilitating the transition of domestic Korean academic journals to open access journals; and 3) developing methods of entrusting papers to open access repositories. APC support should be guaranteed at a reasonable level. The average or median of APC values for the previous three years will be applied to set the upper limit for support each year. APC support will be provided when the paper is published to open access journals or transitioning journals to open access. Hybrid journals or dual access journals are not included. Support for open access publishing of academic journals in Korea during the transition period will be available for open access journals that have registered for CCL in KJCI or journals that have submitted their application for transitioning to open access. Publishing in hybrid, dual access or subscription-based journals must be accompanied by items related to copyright such as embargo. Research results will be used for the detailed implementation plan of 'NRF OA2021 (Plan)'. They will serve as the base data for the rapid, stable, and sustainable implementation of open access policy in NRF, addressing the Korean domestic academic journal publishing environment and the field of international academic communication.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.55 no.12
• /
• pp.609-614
• /
• 2022

Mutation of the gene for adenomatous polyposis coli (APC), as seen in Apc^Min/+ mice, leads to intestinal adenomas and carcinomas via stabilization of β-catenin. Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) is involved in the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, fibrosis, and cancer. However, the functional linkage between TM4SF5 and APC or β-catenin has not been investigated for pathological outcomes. After interbreeding Apc^Min/+ with TM4SF5-overexpressing transgenic (Tg^TM4SF5) mice, we explored pathological outcomes in the intestines and livers of the offspring. The intestines of 26-week-old dual-transgenic mice (Apc^Min/+:Tg^TM4SF5) had intramucosal adenocarcinomas beyond the single-crypt adenomas in Apc^Min/+ mice. Additional TM4SF5 overexpression increased the stabilization of β-catenin via reduced glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) phosphorylation on Ser9. Additionally, the livers of the dualtransgenic mice showed distinct sinusoidal dilatation and features of hepatic portal hypertension associated with fibrosis, more than did the relatively normal livers in Apc^Min/+ mice. Interestingly, TM4SF5 overexpression in the liver was positively linked to increased GSK3β phosphorylation (opposite to that seen in the colon), β-catenin level, and extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression, indicating fibrotic phenotypes. Consistent with these results, 78-week-old Tg^TM4SF5 mice similarly had sinusoidal dilatation, immune cell infiltration, and fibrosis. Altogether, systemic overexpression of TM4SF5 aggravates pathological abnormalities in both the colon and the liver.

• Journal of the Society of Disaster Information
• /
• v.20 no.1
• /
• pp.199-205
• /
• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to improve the recognition rate of Auto People Counting (APC) in accurately identifying and providing information on remaining evacuees in disaster-vulnerable facilities such as nursing homes to firefighting and other response agencies in the event of a disaster. Methods: In this study, a baseline model was established using CNN (Convolutional Neural Network) models to improve the algorithm for recognizing images of incoming and outgoing individuals through cameras installed in actual disaster-vulnerable facilities operating APC systems. Various algorithms were analyzed, and the top seven candidates were selected. The research was conducted by utilizing transfer learning models to select the optimal algorithm with the best performance. Results: Experiment results confirmed the precision and recall of Densenet201 and Resnet152v2 models, which exhibited the best performance in terms of time and accuracy. It was observed that both models demonstrated 100% accuracy for all labels, with Densenet201 model showing superior performance. Conclusion: The optimal algorithm applicable to APC among various artificial intelligence algorithms was selected. Further research on algorithm analysis and learning is required to accurately identify the incoming and outgoing individuals in disaster-vulnerable facilities in various disaster situations such as emergencies in the future.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
• /
• v.49 no.1
• /
• pp.20-27
• /
• 2017

Eighteen commercial laver (Porphyra sp.) products were purchased from Korean market and were monitored for their microbial contamination, pre-decontamination, and luminescence properties. The laver samples showed considerable variation in their microbial contamination, from $10-10^7CFU/g$ of total aerobic counts, <$10-10^2CFU/g$ of coliforms in 4 dried laver samples, and <$10-10^6CFU/g$ of yeasts and molds except in 3 samples. In addition, $10^2CFU/g$ of Bacillus cereus was found in one sample. DEFT/APC analysis was suitable for demonstrating whether the samples were pre-decontaminated or not, with DEFT/APC values lower than 2.0 log for non-heated samples and 1.0-8.5 log for heatprocessed samples. In photostimulated luminescence (PSL) calibration, 15 samples irradiated at 1 kGy showed positive (irradiated) values more than 5000 PCs. Furthermore, thermoluminescence (TL) analysis by separating the marker minerals from samples revealed the potential to be employed in identifying irradiation status by determining $1^{st}$ TL glow at $125-175^{\circ}C$ and TL ratio ($TL_1/TL_2$) of all the samples.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• v.22 no.4
• /
• pp.679-690
• /
• 2011

Two widely used approaches for improving the quality of the output of a process are statistical process control (SPC) and automatic process control (APC). In recent hybrid processes that combine aspects of the process and parts industries, process variations due to both the inherent wandering and special causes occur commonly, and thus simultaneous application of APC and SPC schemes is needed to effectively keep such processes close to target. The simultaneous implementation of APC and SPC schemes is called integrated process control (IPC). In the IPC procedure, the output variables are monitored during the process where adjustments are repeatedly done by its controller. For monitoring the APC-controlled process, control charts can be generally applied to the output variable. However, as an alternative, some authors suggested that monitoring the input variable may improve the chance of detection. In this paper, we evaluate the performance of several monitoring statistics, such as the output variable, the input variable, and the difference variable, for efficiently monitoring the APC-controlled process when we assume IMA(1,1) noise model with a minimum mean squared error adjustment policy.

• BMB Reports
• /
• v.36 no.1
• /
• pp.35-42
• /
• 2003

Heterocyclic amines (HCAs) are potent mutagens generated during the cooking of meat and fish, and several of these compounds produce tumors in conventional experimental animals. During the past 5 years or so, HCAs have been tested in a number of novel in vivo murine models, including the following: lacZ, lacI, cII, c-myc/lacZ, rpsL, and $gpt{\Delta}$ transgenics, $XPA^{-/-}$, $XPC^{-/-}$, $Msh2^{+/-}$, $Msh2^{-/-}$ and $p53^{+/-}$ knock-outs, Apc mutant mice ($Apc^{{\Delta}716}$, $Apc^{1638N}$, $Apc^{min}$), and $A33^{{\Delta}N{\beta}-cat}$ knock-in mice. Several of these models have provided insights into the mutation spectra induced in vivo by HCAs in target and non-target organs for tumorigenesis, as well as demonstrating enhanced susceptibility to HCA-induced tumors and preneoplastic lesions. This review describes several of the more recent reports in which novel animal models were used to examine HCA-induced mutagenesis and carcinogenesis in vivo, including a number of studies which assessed the inhibitory activities of chemopreventive agents such as 1,2-dithiole-3-thione, conjugated linoleic acids, tea, curcumin, chlorophyllin-chitosan, and sulindac.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
• /
• v.43 no.11 s.353
• /
• pp.98-104
• /
• 2006

The conventional burst-mode APC(Automatic Power Control) circuit had an effective structure that was suitable for a low power consumption and a monolithic chip. However, as data rate was increased, it caused errors due to the effect of the zero density. In this paper, we invented a new structured peak-comparator which could compensate the unbalance of the injected currents using double gated MOS and MOS diode. And we proposed a new burst-mode APC adopting it. The new peak-comparator in the proposed APC was very robust to zero density variations maintaining the correct decision point of the current comparison at high data rate. It was also suitable for a low power consumption and a monolithic chip due to lack of large capacitors.