• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.109-113
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• 2009

Tree-ring width analysis has been used to assess the effects of air pollution on tree growth around industrial complexes. Our study was conducted to elucidate the effect of air pollutants on annual ring growth in black pines (Pinus thunbergii) of age 41$\sim$48 years around Ulsan Metropolitan City. The growth data were analyzed by multiple regression and the results are as follows: 1. The annual ring increment of black pines increased with tree age until age 40 years and then decreased gradually after age 40 years. 2. The increment of annual ring width of black pines was affected more by precipitation and evapotranspiration than air temperature. An annual ring decline appeared in the years 1968$\sim$1983, when annual ring indices below zero were observed. Decreased annual ring growth during this period may have been due to air pollution. 3. The heavy metal with the strongest effect on annual ring growth of black pines in the experimental stand was lead (Pb). The concentration of lead in the stand was estimated as over 6 ppm. 4. The technique of tree-ring width analysis may be useful for estimation of the extent of pollution in forest areas near industrial complexes.

• Proceedings of the Turfgrass Society of Korea Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.3-5
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• 2002

This study was carried out to get better understandings about morphological, ecological, and genetical characteristics of annual bluegrass collected from different golf courses in Korea and eventually to establish a successful control strategy. Twenty five local lines of annual bluegrass collected from 20 golf courses in Korea were classified into annual or perennial type on the basis of morphological characteristics. Twelve local lines showing obvious morphological differences were selected and then genetically assessed using RAPD analysis. Classification of the 12 local lines through RAPD analysis were considerably similar to that determined by both of morphological differences and phenotype. Responses of the two types of annual blugrass to herbicides were also examined. Shoot growth of annual bluegrass was significantly suppressed by flazasulfuron and the annual type was more susceptible than perennial type, regardless of flazasulfuron concentrations used. By pendimethalin treatment, there was no clear difference in susceptibility between the two types of annual bluegrass. However, by the treatment of dithiopyr, annual type was more sensitive than perennial type in both shoot and root growth. Nine tree species were screened to detect their allelopathic potential on turfgrasses and annual bluegrass. Acacia (Robinia pseudo-acacia) leaves showed selective inhibition in the shoot and root growth as well as their seed germination when treated with 2% and 10%(v/v) of the extract. However, the other leaf extracts except acacia inhibited non-selectively the growth of three turfgrass species such as bentgrass, perennial ryegrass and zoysiagrass and annual bluegrass. The PAL activities of annual bluegrass increased at 24 h after treatment of acacia leaf extract and peaked at 36 h and then decreased till 60h. The highest PAL activity was observed at 36h after treatment of 10%. The highest activity of CA4H in annual bluegrass was observed at 2h after treatment of acacia extract and the level was 4 times greater than that of the control. The phenolic acids such as p-coumaric acid, salicylic acid and ferulic acid were increased with the treatment of acacia leaf extract. The chloroplast membrane and cell wall of annual bluegrass were destroyed by treatment of acacia leaf extract and its inner materials were released. The membranes in annual bluegrass cells might be destroyed by phytotoxic compounds from acacia leaf extract.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.113-118
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• 2011

This study was carried out to analyze annual diameter growth characteristics for major 11 tree species using the data for Gangwon province of the National Forest Resources Inventory in 2007. The annual diameter growth of coniferous species was 5.02 mm, 4.70 mm, and 3.90 mm in Korean white pine, Japanese larch, and Korean red pine, respectively. In growths of the deciduous trees, dogwood, basswood, and cork oak had 3.55 mm, 3.48 mm and 3.01 mm, respectively. Average of the annual diameter growths for all species was 3.38 mm. The relationship between diameter growth and age class showed that the growth rate decreased for all species as age increased. The age class II had the highest annual diameter rate. In relation of the stand density(trees per hectare) and diameter growth, the diameter growth tended to decrease as the stand density increased for most species, especially Korean white pine, cork oak, and basswood. Finally age had the highest value in the correlation coefficients between measurement factor and growth rate regardless of species.

• Journal of Plant Biology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.1-12
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• 1972

To study on the annual height growth of Pinus densiflora within natural pine stands in central Korea, twenty two pure closed Pinus densiflora stands were selected subjectively in the west-central region of Korea. In each stand twenty trees were chosen randomly. For each tree, abotu ten to fifteen measurements of internodal lengths were made from leader top to trunk base. A total of one hundred thirty four soil samples was collected. Each soil sample was bulked with three subsamples. The ranges of the growth measurements per stand, per tree and per observation were 14.9-35.4cm, 9.0cm-54.4cm and 2.4cm-69.0cm respectively. The total mean value was 23.5cm. The Student-Newman-Keul's tests for the multiple comparison among the mean values of the height growth per stand were very highly significant. The resutls of the analysis of variance of the height growth data for the selected fifteen stands among the twenty two stands indicate that sampling efficiency might be increased to 744% if measurement of the growth were made on fifteen trees per stand from twenty stands instead of twenty trees per stand from fifteen stands. The annual height growths of Pinus densiflora and Pinus koraiensis for the period from 1960 to 1968 were 21.74$\pm$5.29cm (10) and 20.56$\pm$5.59cm (10) respectively. The total means of easily-soluble phosphorus, total nitrogen, loss on ignition and pH for the soil samples were 2.8 ppm, 0.09%, 5.4% and 4.7 respectively. The ranges of those amounts were 18.7-1.7ppm, 0.17-0.05%, 11.6%-3.1%, 3.9-5.1 respectively. The relationship of the annual height growth of P. densiflora to soil was studied in terms of standard partial multiple regression. Among soil properties such as non-capillary pore space, capillary pore space, maximum field capacity, loss on ignition, soil reaction, total nitrogen and easily-soluble phosphoros investigated, the easily soluble phosphorus in one analysis and loss on ignition and soil reaction in the other analysis seem to have significant positive influence on the annual height growth.

• Korean Management Science Review
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.15-25
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• 2017

We evaluated industry growth and employment effects of every possible pairs of 22 manufacturing sectors and 16 regions (i.e, 352 region-sectors). We used annual data of manufacturing sectors from 2008 to 2014 for the evaluation. The evaluation comprises of two steps; We first find several region-sectors that outperform others with respect to the effects of industry growth and employment, which are measured by location quotient analysis, shift share method, employment to GDP ratio and employment elasticity. In addition, cross-efficiency analysis follows to classify region-sector pairs into two sub-categories : efficient region-sectors that deserve to hold the current level of investments and inefficient region-sectors where we should consider efficiency improvements. To examine the efficiency, R&D investment, employment size, and capital investment were used as input factors and production volume, added value, changes in employment size, changes in annual salary per capita were used as output factors. For region-sector pairs that have outstanding growth and employment effects but are inefficient, we employed a CCR DEA model and analyzed how much to adjust the values of input and output factors to improve the efficiency scores. The analysis results showed that inefficiency is mainly due to several factors such as R&D investment, changes in employment size and changes in annual salary per capita.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.27 no.7
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• pp.555-560
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• 2018

This study conducted to analyze the growth characteristics of old Prunus yedoensis on Jeju island. The diameter growth per year was measured using a DTRS-2000 instrument. The DBH, ground DBH and height of the investigated P. yedoensis were 137 cm, 143 cm, and 15.5 m, respectively. Our analysis showed that the age of the old P. yedoensis was 93 years. An annual diameter growth of $2.85mm{\pm}0.96$ was observed. The result of age estimation, about $265{\pm}64$ years in P. yedoensis on Jeju island. This information could be useful to understand the annual diameter growth characteristics the P. yedoensis distributed on Jeju island.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.84 no.1
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• pp.71-76
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• 1995

This study on Pinus desiflora in Kangwon Province has been performed for the purpose of classifying its growth area by geographical factors. To classify its growth area, the basic data which had were the measured values for annual ring width from cores were used. Individual variations in the measured values were removed through the standardization. Regional mean chronologies were estimated from the standardized values. The growth area was classified by the cluster analysis on the basis of the regional mean standardized indices. The results of this study shown that annual growth patterns to be clustered similar to geographical distribution in Kangwon Province. And the regional variations of annual growth patterns in the western part of Kangwon province were greater than those in the eastern part of Kangwon province.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.305-316
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• 1993

Stands profiles, yearly changes in growth of annual rings, age and diameter structure, and spatial distribution pattern of individuals in the Pinus densiflora stands around the Yeocheon industrial complex were investigated. Growth of annual ring in Pinus densiflora, which survived when vegetation of this area was damaged by air pollutants, was suppressed for about 10 years since 1974 when factories in this area began to operate, but since then such suppressed growth tended to be recovered. It was supposed that the suppresed growth was originated from air pollution and that improvement of growth since the suppressed period was due to the release from competition with them by death of neighbouring trees and the resuction of the amount of air pollutants. Physiognomy of Pinus densiflora stands showed mosaic pattern composed of different patches. Spatial distribution pattern of individuals an stand profiles were similar to those of Pinus densiflora stands regenerated after natural and artificial disturbances. In an age distribution diagram, age of Pinus densiflora population ranged from 1 to 33 years, Among these individuals were recrited corresponded to the suppresed period of growth of annual ring in Pinus densiflora survived when the vegetation was damaged by air pollution. On the other hand, from the result of analysis of frequency distribution diagram of diameter, it was postulated that even if whis Pinus densiflora community can be maintained as it is for the time being, it might be changed to Quercus community with the lapse of time.

• International Journal of Knowledge Content Development & Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.67-94
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• 2022

The paper aims to present a comparative analysis of scholarly research output in the fields of Library and Information Science (LIS) in India and South Korea. The Web of Science database was used to retrieve the bibliographic data of the Indian and South Korean LIS published documents during 2001-2020 and the indicators were included in the analysis: research productivity, publication-quality, most prolific authors, institutions and journals, "Annual Growth Rate (AGR)", "Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR)", "Relative Growth Rate (RGR)", and "Doubling Time (DT)". All types of documents such as articles, conference papers, book reviews, corrections, editorial materials, so on were included in the study. MS Excel, VOS viewer, and bibliometrix (R-tool) software were used for tabulation and mapping. The results show that South Korea placed the top in the overall output of LIS research publications during the last two decades. The Indian LIS research output, Annual Growth Rate (AGR), and Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) were good compared to South Korean LIS publications. In addition, the South Korean LIS researchers' output has increased rapidly in terms of publications, citations, average citations. Gangan Prathap (India), Seyoung Lee, and Heejin Lee (SK) are the most prolific authors; Indian Institute Technology, Delhi and Yonsei University, Seoul are the most prolific institutions; and the Scientometrics journal was the most preferred journal by the Indian and South Korean LIS researchers during the study period. The results of this study are useful to administrators, policymakers, and academics. In addition, the scope of this study might include looking at research published by LIS scholars in India and South Korea, as well as examining all types of academic publications.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.215-223
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• 1985

The fluctuation of old climate was studied by the analysis of radial growth in trees, since 1782. For the effects of environmental factors on the radial growth, the authors proposed the relative radial growth(Rg) concept modified the emperical equation of Fritts (1969) as follow: Yt=aebt Yt: theoretical annual ring width time t a and b: constants in different tree species Rg=Yt/Yt Rg: ratio of real radial growth to theoretical growth with age Yt: real annual radial growth Used the Rg value, the relationship between climatic conditions and the radial growth during 70 years was investigated, and the fluctuations in climate during the last 200 years with the historical records was detected.