• 아동학회지
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• 제2권
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• pp.1-16
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• 1981

This study had two purposes. First, to examine the stages and developmental order of object permanence based on Piaget's theory. Second, to assess the effects of delay, attentiveness, and direction of gaze. Two experiments were conducted to examine the object permanence development in infants. The subjects for the 2 experiments were randomly drawn from a well-baby clinic. The subjects for Experiment 1 were 72 infants, 12 each in 6 age levels : 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 months old. Experiment 1 was designed to examine the stages and developmental order of object concept development, ana infants received 5 tasks as follows : (1) finding an object partially hidden under one box (2) finding an object completely hidden under one box (3) finding an object after successive visible displacements (4) finding an object after one invisible displacement (5) finding an object after successive invisible displacements. The subjects for Experiment 2 were 24 9-month-olds. Experiment 2 was designed to assess the effects of delay, attentiveness, and direction of gaze for Stage IV of object concept development. Subjects were equally assigned into one of two delay groups: 0-sec delay and 3-sec delay. Attentiveness was rated in terms of a three-point scale, and then divided into high and low attentive groups. Direction of gaze was judged into two directions. In two experiments, infants received three trials of task, and received a score of 0, 1, 2 for each trials. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, Tukey test, and t-test for task performance, and direction of gaze was analyzed by chi-square. The results obtained from two experiments were as follows : 1. In object permanence test, subjects obtained significantly higher scores with age, and 6, 9, 12, 18 months were classified into different developmental stages. 2. In object permanence development, subjects received significantly different scores with task and a developmental order of tasks was found. First of all, infants mastered finding an object partially hidden under one box, and then mastered finding an object completely hidden under one box. Contrary to Piagetian theory, in this study, the development of finding an object after successive visible displacements and finding an object after one invisible displacement were sometimes reversed. Finally, finding an object after successive invisible displacements was mastered, and the concept of object permanence was completed. 3. In Stage IV of object concept development, a 3-sec delay did not significantly affect the performance of tasks. The O-sec delay group didn't perform significantly better than the 3-sec delay group. 4. In Stage IV of object concept development, attentiveness of infants significantly affected the performance of task. So the highly attentive infants obtained better performance scores than the low attentive infants. 5. In Stage IV of object concept development, direction of gaze significantly affected the performance of task. That is, infants who gazed at the box which contained the object showed a higher rate of success than infants who gazed at the box which had already displaced the object.

• 한국환경생태학회지
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• 제20권4호
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• pp.407-414
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• 2006

신안군 장도 산지습지의 식생과 토양 및 ordination을 분석하였다. 장도 산지습지에서 특기할만한 식물은 바늘꽃, 개쉽사리이고, 한국 특산식물로는 흑산도 비비추와 소사나무 2종이며, 관속식물은 40과 62속 57종 9변종 1품종 총 67분류군이다. 식생군락은 버드나무-기장대풀군락, 기장대풀군락, 억새군락이다. 토양 분석 결과, 유기물함량 20.6-72.4%, 전질소함량 0.74-2.13%,유효인산함량 33.3-114.6ppm, 양이온치환용량(CEC) 25.5-94.3이고, 토양pH는 5.10-5.42이며, 토성은 주로 식양토로 나타났다. 군락의 분포와 환경 인자들과의 상관을 보면, pH가 군락의 분포에 영향을 미치고 있음을 알 수 있으며, 버드나무-기장대풀군락은 3군락 중 pH가 가장 높으며, 전질소, 유기물함량, 양이 온치환용량, 치환성 Na, Ca, Mg등의 양료가 가장 많은 입지에 분포하고 있으며, 억새군락은 버드나무-기장대풀군락과는 반대로 3군락 중 pH가 가장 낮으며, 전질소, 유기물함량, 양이온치환용량, 치환성 Na, Ca, Mg등의 양료가 가장 적은 입지에 분포하고 있다.

• 수산경영론집
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• 제1권2호
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• pp.1-22
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• 1970

Our fisheries protucts industry has developed rapidly during past 10 years ; production was about twice: fihing fleets increased twice in number and 3 times in tonnage ; export was 5 times. Govermment is trying to develop deep sea fisheries in order to surmount the depression of coast fisheries. At present more than 270 deep sea fishing boats are working with superior skill to other country at the South Pacific, the Atlantic, the Indian, and the North Pacific Ocean. Our deep sea fisheries is consisted of the tuna long line and the trawler. The tuna long line of them has 230 crafts in 1969 ana the deep sea trawler has 40 crafts, too. Comparing to 1962, the number of the deep sea fishing boats has been increased highly to 54 times, 7.71 times average per year increasing rate. The rate of the tuna long line to the trawler at the end of 1969 shows 85:15, More than half of them are 100~200 (equation omitted), if we classify them according to (equation omitted) or boat craft. 70% of them has less than 5 years ships age. The Korean Marine Industry Development Corporation has more than 1/3 fishing fleets, with 91 crafts, if We consider it according to corporation. Considering it according to the financial resources, dependence upon foreign loan is as high as 88%. Catches was 74, 450 M/T ($24, 663, 000)at the end of November in 1969 and it was increased to 113.5 times in catch amount and 118 times in value, comparing to those of 1962. Considering it according to the ocean, the order is arranged to the Pacific, the Atlantic, and the Indian Ocean. The average production amount of each craft is 250~400 S/T a year. The result of export took up 1/3 of total fisheries product export with $ 22, 398, 000 at the end of november in 1969. Employee cost of fishing coast is 8% higher than other fishing. The profit is highest in our fisheries. Most of the products except the trawler fishing are sofa at the fishing grounds to the processing company, and they lose much money. They buy most of bait from Japan, giving $8~10 for 1C/S(10kg). Fish price is $390~520 according to the kind of fish for S/T at the fishing grounds, and the rapid frozen fishes brought to Japan are about $ 800 for S/T. There is much difference. in price. Problems 1. Want of self capital. 2. To get the refrigeration boats enough. 3. International Fishing Regulation. 4. To get high price and to secure consuming grounds. 5. To get home-production of bait. 6. To exploit new fishing grounds. 7. To get larger boats. 8. To get mariner enough. When the problems mentioned above are solved, the Deep Sea Fisheries of oun courtry will be developed more largely.

• 한국응용곤충학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.109-115
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• 1984

최근 향나무과 유통에 피해가 확대되고 있는 측백하늘소의 상태와 기주식물의 범위 및 피해상에 대한 시험을 시도하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 측백하늘소의 기생식물은 향나무, 측백나무, 핀백나무, 연필향나무, 서양측백나무, 나한백나무 가이스가 향나무등으로 본 조사에서 가이스가 향나무가 새로 조사 확인되었다. 2. 지역별 측백하늘소에 의한 피해율을 보면 광주 $16.5\%$, 담장 $4.25\%$, 화순 $6.5\%$이었다. 3. 측백하늘소는 년 1회 발생하며 성충발생최성기는 3월 하순에서 4월 상순경이었다. 4. 일중 성충의 탈출은 년후 1시에서 3시 사이가 가장 많았다. 5. 수간내 침입한 유충의 가해방향은 침입구로부터 기부로 향하는 것이 $62\%$, 선단쪽 $22\%$, 수평방향이 $17\%$였고 수령에 따른 피해는 흉고직경 $30\~40mm$(15-16년생)에서 가장 컸다. 6. 각 태별 기간을 보면, 난기 $15.8\~19.7$일, 유충 $112\~126$일, 용 $15\~21$일이었으며 용실에서 탈출한 성충의 수명은 자충 19일, 웅충 16일이었다.

• 대한간호학회지
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• 제4권2호
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• pp.121-130
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• 1974

This study was performed with, two groups of 369 pregnant women, which consisted of the first group of 186 pregnant women taking physical examinations for birth at the Korea clinic in Seoul during the months of November and December in 1972, and the second group of 183 pregnant women taking physical examinations for birth at the Kang Won Provincial Hospital for the 12 months from October, 1972 to September 1973, as the results of this study the following concussion was obtained. 1. Age distribution indicated that the group of 25 through 34 age among them fallen 76 percent. 2. The time of the first physical examination by the 76% pregnant women of the second group at Chun Chon was in the initial period of pregnancy, but the time of that by every 33% pregnant women of the first group in Seoul came to the initial, middle and late period of pregnancy, evenly. 3. The 65.6% of the second group had one or two times of physical examination and the 80% of the first group had one to eight times of physical examination. 4. The mean pregnancy times was 1.9 to the first group and 2.8 to the second group, showing high pregnancy rate in Seoul city- 5. The 57.3% of the first group and the 31.3% of the second group did one times of abortion. The 3.2% of the first group and the 10.7% of the second group did more then six times of abortion, this meant big difference between two groups. The 24.1% of the first group had four times of pregnancy and the 18.1% of the second group had three or four times of it. These percentages was the highest of all. 6. Death rate during the period of pregnancy was shown to be 3.2% to the first group and 9.7% to the second group, consequently indicating gre311y high death rate in local city. 7. Many of the first group have three children and some of the second group have seven children. 8. As to totemics of pregnancy, 23.7% of the first group, and 49.7% of the second group were shown to have totemics of pregnancy, consequently with greatly high totemics rate of pregnancy in local city. The 4.0% of the first group and 37.0% of the second group was short of hemoglobin, with remarkable difference between the two groups.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.213-218
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• 2007

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the addition of red wine on the physicochemical properties ana sensory score of cooked pork patties. The samples consisted of the pork patty without red wine(control), and 1, 3 and 5% red wine(RWP-1, 3 and 5, respectively). There were no significantly differences in the moisture$(58.1\sim58.7%)$, crude protein$(15.9\sim16.3%)$ crude fat$(23.2\sim23.7%)$, and crude ash$(2.7\sim2.9%)$ contents, and the Hunter's $a^*-value(0.2\sim0.6)$, cooking loss$(16.5\sim19.2%)$, VBN$(11.9\sim15.6mg%)$, total bacterial count($(11.9\sim15.6mg%)$ Log cfu/mL), hardness$(3,193\sim3,336\;dyne/cm^2)$, springiness$(75.8\sim79.7%)$, cohesiveness$(47.8\sim52.1%)$, gumminess$(489\sim509kg)$, chewiness$(183\sim209g)$ and strength $(1,144\sim1,199g)$ between the pork patties. Of the pork patties the $L^*$ value of the control and the b value of RWP-5 were the lowest(p<0.05). The pH and TBARS value of RWP-5 were the lowest of all the pork patties. The flavor of RWP-5 was superior to that of the other pork patties, and the taste, texture, juiciness and palatability of RWP-3 and RWP-5 were superior to those of the control and RWP-1. In conclusion, the addition of 5% red wine was most suitable for enhancing the physicochemical properties and sensory score of pork patties.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• 제52권1호
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• pp.76-85
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• 2002

BALT 림프종은 대부분 비호지킨스 림프종의 저등급의 B-세포 림프종으로서 쇼그렌씨 증후군 및 류마티스 관절염 등과 같은 자가면역질환과 관계가 있다고 알려져 있으나 전신성 홍반성 낭창에서 BALT 림프종의 발생에 대한 보고는 없는 것 같다. 저자들은 흉막성 통증을 주소로 내원한 54세 남자환자에서 전신성 홍반성 낭창으로 인한 흉막염의 원인규명과정에서 진단된 BALT 림프종에 대하여 문헌고찰과 함께 보고하는 바이다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권5호
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• pp.827-832
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• 2005

본 연구는 B. subtilis JM3 단백분해효소 첨가 멸치액젓에서 분리한 peptide의 기능성(항산화, 항암 및 ACE 저해활성)에 대하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 아미노실소 및 가수분해도는 단백분해효소 첨가구가 대조구에 비해 높았으며, 대조구, B. subtilis JM3 단백분해효소 2 및 4% 첨가구의 멸치액젓은 gel chromatography 상에서, 각각 5, 6 및 7개의 peak를 나타내었다. ACE 저해, DPPH 라디칼소거 및 항암활성은 대조구의 경우 peak 5에서 각각 34.82, 94.11 및 38.29%, 2% 효소 첨가구는 peak 6에서 각각 43.75, 90.01 및 15.61%로 4% 효소 첨가구는 peak 7에서 각각 26.34, 97.00 및 34.76%이었다. 가수분해시 생성된 peptide는 다양한 생리활성을 가지고 있었으며, 앞으로 생리활성을 갖는 peptide의 구조 분석에 관한 연구 및 그 억제 기작에 대한 더 많은 연구가 필요하다고 본다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제37권4호
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• pp.542-548
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• 2005

대나루(왕대)를 여러 가지 방법으로 추출하고 그 추출액의 화학 성분을 분석하였다. 대나무 추출액의 pH는 5.0-5.5였고, 가용성고형분과 총페놀 함량은 알코올 추출액이 각각 $13.7^{\circ}Brix$와 0.42%로 가장 높았으며, 증발잔사는 직접가열 추출액이 3.8%로 가장 높았다. 무기성분은 K이 가장 높은 함량을 보였으며, 추출방법에 따라서는 간접가열이 가장 높은 무기물 함량을 나타내었다. 중금속은 Al, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn, 등이 검출되었으며, 유해중금속 중 As, Cd, Hg는 검출되지 않았고 Cr, Pb는 극미량 검출되었다. 폴리페놀은 catechin, chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid, 3-hydroxy benzoic acid, ferulic acid등 5종이 확인되었으며 이중 3-hydroxy benzoic acid와 catechin이 주종을 이루는 것으로 나타났다. 유리당은 galactose, glucose, fructose 및 sucrose가 검출되었으며 glucose와 sucrose의 함량이 가장 높았다. 유기산은 citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, succinic acid, acetic acid 등이 검출되었으나 직접가열 추출액은 tartaric acid가, 물 추출액과 알코올 추출액은 citric acid, tartaric acid 및 succinic acid가 검출되지 않았다. 항산화 활성은 간접가열 추출액과 알코올 추출액이 상업용 항산화제인 BHA와 ${\delta}-tocopherol$ 보다 우수하였다. 아질산염소거능은 pH 1.2와 3.0에서 효과가 우수하였으나 pH 6.0에서는 급격히 감소하였다. Tyrosinase 저해활성은 물 추출액이 가장 높았으며, SOD 유사활성과 ACE 저해활성은 간접가열 추출액이 가장 높았다. 식품 부패균에 대한 항균활성은 Bacillus subtilis, E. coli O157, Staphylococcus aureus에 대하여 높은 것으로 나타났다.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• 제15권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 1981

한국 정상 성인에서 탄수화물 음식물(쌀밥)과 단백질 음식물(햄버거)의 섭취가 혈장 gastrin 농도에 미치는 영향을 알아 보기 위하여 다음과 같은 실험을 실시하였다. 평균 연령이 28세($20{\sim}40$세)되는 정상 성인 남녀 8명이 실험에 참가하였다. 15시간 이상 절식한 이들에게 쌀밥(250 g) 및 햄버거(200 g)의 섭취전 30분, 섭취직전, 섭취후 15, 30, 45, 60, 90 및 120분에 각각 말초 정맥에서 채혈한 다음 방사면역 측정방법(radioimmunoassay)으로 혈장 gastrin 농도를 측정하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1) 쌀밥 및 햄버거의 섭취로 인하여 혈장 gastrin 농도가 공복시의 값에 비하여 각각 유의하게 상승하였다. 2) 햄버거의 섭취로 인한 혈장 gastrin 농도의 상승은 쌀밥에 의한 상승값에 비하여 유의하게 더 많았다. 3) 햄버거의 섭취후 gastrin 분비가 많았던 개인은 쌀밥의 섭취후에도 그 분비가 많아 유의한 상관관계를 보여 주었다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 단백질 음식물의 섭취가 gastrin 분비에 촉진적 영향을 미침과 아울러 탄수화물 음식물의 섭취도 gastrin 분비에 촉진적으로 작용할 것으로 사료된다.