• ETRI Journal
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.231-234
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• 2005

This letter proposes a new embedded speech coding structure based on the Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB) standard codec. The proposed coding scheme consists of three different bitrates where the two lower bitrates are embedded into the highest one. The embedded bitstream was achieved by modifying the algebraic codebook search procedure adopted for the AMR-WB codec. The proposed method provides the advantage of scalability due to the embedded bitstream, while it inevitably requires some additional computational complexity for obtaining two different code vectors of the higher bitrate modes. Compared to the AMR-WB codec, the embedded coder shows improved speech qualities for two higher bitrate modes with a slightly increased bitrate caused by the decreased coding efficiency of the algebraic codebook.

• Journal of the Semiconductor & Display Technology
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.1-7
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• 2013

This paper presents the AMR (Automatic Meter Reading) system using the binary CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) radio technology. The binary CDMA is the new radio technology in domestic research. Main implementation topics includes the binary CDMA remote meter reading system, the wireless piconet configuration for the wireless automatic meter reading, and the transmission scheduling for sending and receiving data. Also, the wireless packet data encryption is very important topics for the wireless automatic meter reading. The proposed AMR system is implemented as a pilot project in Jeju and Gangwon. It can be seen that the wireless remote reading using the binary CDMA wireless technology can be applied to the AMR system.

• Proceedings of the Acoustical Society of Korea Conference
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• autumn
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• pp.93-96
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• 2001

ACELP 구조의 음성 압축기는 우수한 음질을 제공하지만 최적의 코드 벡터를 구하기 위한 계산량이 상당히 많은 단점이 있다. 이를 해결하기 위해서 본 논문에서는 AMR 음성 압축기의 코드북을 매우 효율적으로 검색하는 새로운 방법을 제안한다. 제안하는 코드북 검색 방법은 완전 순차적인 검색 방법을 사용하여 대략적인 코드 벡터를 구하고, 코드 벡터의 각 펄스들의 중요도를 계산하여 중요도가 낮은 펄스를 새로운 펄스로 교환하는 펄스 교환 과정을 수행하여 코드 벡터의 성능을 향상시키는 방법을 사용한다. 또한, AMR 음성 압축기의 구조에 맞도록 트랙별로 이동하면서 순차적으로 코드북을 검색하여 다수의 대략적인 코드벡터를 찾은 후, 각 코드 벡터에 대하여 펄스 교환 과정을 수행하여 최적의 코드 벡터를 구한다. 제안한 코드북 검색 방법을 AMR 음성 압축기의 모든 모드에 적용하여 코드북 검색을 위한 계산량과 성능을 측정하였으며, 모든 모드에 대하여 매우 적은 계산량으로 동등한 성능을 가지는 것을 확인하였다

• Journal of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.181-190
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• 2001

The advent of robust, reliable and accurate higher order Godunov schemes for many of the systems of equations of interest in computational astrophysics has made it important to understand how to solve them in multi-scale fashion. This is so because the physics associated with astrophysical phenomena evolves in multi-scale fashion and we wish to arrive at a multi-scale simulational capability to represent the physics. Because astrophysical systems have magnetic fields, multi-scale magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) is of especial interest. In this paper we first discuss general issues in adaptive mesh refinement (AMR), We then focus on the important issues in carrying out divergence-free AMR-MHD and catalogue the progress we have made in that area. We show that AMR methods lend themselves to easy parallelization. We then discuss applications of the RIEMANN framework for AMR-MHD to problems in computational astophysics.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.5B
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• pp.632-638
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• 2001

본 논문에서는 AMR(Adaptive Multi-Rate)를 이용하여 광대역 음성부호화기를 설계하였다. 16kHz로 샘플링된 입력 신호를 QMF 필터에 의해 두 개의 대역으로 나누어, 각각 decimation하여 두 개의 8kHz 샘플링 신호로 변환시킨 후 저대역(0Hz-3400Hz)의 신호와 고대역(3400Hz∼7000Hz)의 신호로 나누어 각각 부호화한다. 나누어진 두 개의 협대역 음성신호는 AMR(Adaptive Multi-Rate)과 ATC(Adaptive Transform Coding)을 사용하여 각각 부호화되어 전송된다. 두 대역으로부터 부호화된 정보는 20.2kbps에서 12.75kbps까지의 전송률을 갖고, 수신단에서는 각 대역을 AMR과 ATC 방법으로 역부호화하여 음성신호를 합성한다. 설계된 광대역 음성부호화기의 성능을 평가하기 위해 ITU-T의 표준안인 G.722를 포함하여 MOS 시험을 하였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 2020.10a
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• pp.287-291
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• 2020

본 연구에서는 한국어 의미 표상 자원 구축과 의미 파싱 성능 향상을 위한 데이터 자동 증강 방법을 제안하고 수동 구축 결과 대비 자동 변환 정확도를 보인다. 지도 학습 기반의 AMR 파싱 모델이 유의미한 성능에 도달하려면 대량의 주석 데이터가 반드시 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 기성 언어 분석 기술 또는 기존에 구축된 말뭉치의 주석 정보를 바탕으로 Semi-AMR 데이터를 변환해내는 알고리즘을 제시하며, 자동 변환 결과는 Gold-standard 데이터에 대해 Smatch F1 0.46의 일치도를 보였다. 일정 수준 이상의 정확도를 보이는 자동 증강 데이터는 주석 프로젝트에 소요되는 비용을 경감시키는 데에 활용될 수 있다.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.12 no.5
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• pp.829-836
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• 2017

This paper is a study on development of a new structured AMR/AMI(automatic meter reading/advance metering infrastructure) system. The developed system has a faster reading and is cheaper and easier to install compared to the existing AMR/AMI system. The system can be applied to AMR/AMI for five kinds of meters, electricity, gas, water, hot-water and calorie meter, which are used in most Korean households. Test results show that the developed system is both economical and reliable both in theoretical and practical applications. The resuts also show that the developed system is more suitable than existing system for AMR/AMI applications.

• Journal of Korean Institute of Industrial Engineers
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.349-357
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• 2005

The Adaptive Multi-Rate (AMR) speech codec is the mandatory for voice service in WCDMA systems. The AMR codec can be used efficiently to provide a balanced trade-off between the capacity and quality of voice by adjusting various service rates. In this paper, three ways of AMR mode allocation schemes on the downlink in WCDMA system are evaluated. To evaluate users satisfaction efficiently, new system performance measure and analytic models are proposed. The proposed analytic models can be applied to obtain optimal mode allocation ways while considering the system capacity and quality of voice. In numerical examples, the ways of finding optimal parameters are illustrated for the given traffic loads and the performances of three mode allocation schemes are compared.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.26 no.12A
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• pp.2027-2035
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• 2001

In this paper, we present an audio stream delivery using the AMR (Adaptive Multi-Rate) coder that was adopted by ETSI and 3GPP as a standard vocoder for next generation IMT-2000 service in which includes combined sender (FEC) and receiver reconstruction technique in the Internet. By use of the media-specific FEC scheme, the possibility to recover lost packets can be much increased due to the addition of repair data to a main data stream, by which the contents of lost packets can be recovered. The AMR codec is based on the code-excited linear predictive (CELP) coding model. So we use a frame erasure concealment for CELP-based coders. The proposed scheme is evaluated with ITU-T G.729 (CS-ACELP) coder and AMR - 12.2 kbit/s through the SNR (Signal to Noise Ratio) and the MOS (Mean Opinion Score) test. The proposed scheme provides 1.1 higher in Mean Opinion Score value and 5.61 dB higher than AMR - 12.2 kbit/s in terms of SNR in 10% packet loss, and maintains the communicab1e quality speech at frame erasure rates lop to 20%.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.117-124
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• 2006

The analytical measurement range (AMR) is the range of analyte values that a method can directly measure on a specimen without any dilution, concentration, or other pretreatment not part of the usual assay process. The linearity of the AMR is its ability to obtain test results which are directly proportional to the concentration of analyte in the sample from the upper and lower limit of the AMR. The AMR validation is the process of confirming that the assay system will correctly recover the concentration or activity of the analyte over the AMR. The test specimen must have analyte values which, at a minimum, are near the low, midpoint, and high values of the AMR. The AMR must be revalidated at least every six months, at changes in major system components, and when a complete change in reagents for a procesure is introduced; unless the laboratory can demonstrate that changing the reagent lot number does not affect the range used to report patient test results. The AMR linearity was total protein (0-16.6), albumin (0-8.1), total bilirubin (0-18.1), alkaline phosphatase (0-1244.3), aspartate aminotransferase (0-1527.9), alanine aminotransferase (0-1107.9), gamma glutamyl transpeptidase (0-1527.7), creatine kinase (0-1666.6), lactate dehydrogenase (0-1342), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (0.3-154.3), sodium (35.4-309), creatinine (0-19.2), blood urea nitrogen (0.5-206.2), uric acid (0-23.9), total cholesterol (-0.3-510), triglycerides (0.7-539.6), glucose (0-672.7), amylase (0-1595.3), calcium (0-23.9), inorganic phosphorus (0.03-17.0), potassium (0.1-116.5), chloride (3.3-278.7). We are sure that materials for the AMR affect the evaluation of the upper limit of the AMR in the process system.