• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제20권2호
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• pp.56-60
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• 2016

Adenylate kinase (AK) enzyme which acts as the catalyst of reversible high energy phosphorylation reaction between ATP and AMP which associate with energetic metabolism and nucleic acid synthesis and signal transmission. This enzyme has three distinct domains: Core, AMP binding domain (AMPbd) and Lid domain (LID). The primary role of AMPbd and LID is associated with conformational changes due to flexibility of two domains. Three dimensional structure of human AK1 has not been confirmed and various mutation experiments have been done to determine the active sites. In this study, AK1R138A which is changed arginine[138] of LID domain with alanine[138] was made and conducted with NMR experiments, backbone dynamics analysis and mo-lecular docking dynamic simulation to find the cause of structural change and substrate binding site. Synthetic human muscle type adenylate kinase 1 (hAK1) and its mutant (AK1R138A) were re-combinded with E. coli and expressed in M9 cell. Expressed proteins were purified and finally gained at 0.520 mM hAK1 and 0.252 mM AK1R138A. Multinuclear multidimensional NMR experiments including HNCA, HN(CO)CA, were conducted for amino acid sequence analysis and signal assignments of $^1H-^{15}N$ HSQC spectrum. Our chemical shift perturbation data is shown LID domain residues and around alanine[138] and per-turbation value(0.22ppm) of valine[179] is consid-ered as inter-communication effect with LID domain and the structural change between hAK1 and AK1R138A.

• 한국산학기술학회논문지
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• 제17권5호
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• pp.49-55
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• 2016

각종 전기전자 시스템에서 발생하는 EMI 성분을 공통성분 (CM) 과 차동성분 (DM) 으로 분리하기 위해서 수동분리기와 능동분리기를 연구하였다. CM과 DM 성분 분리기는 능동 EMI 필터를 효과적으로 구현하는데 중요한 요소이다. 수동분리기는 인덕터값을 실현하는데 있어 기술적으로 쉽고 가격이 저렴한 장점이 있으나 상대적으로 큰 오차값이 발생하여 정밀 제작이 요청되므로 부피가 커지고 core의 선택이 어려워지는 단점이 있다. 능동분리기는 OP-Amp를 이용하기 때문에 부피가 작아지고 CM, DM 분리의 정확도를 높일 수 있는 장점이 있으나 주파수 특성이 광대역이어야 하고 가격이 비싸며 별도 DC 전원이 요청되는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 기존의 수동 분리기와 새롭게 제안한 능동 분리기를 적용한 각각의 EMI 필터의 특성을 분석하였다. 따라서 높은 정밀도가 필요한 고가의 장비에는 능동 분리기를 사용하는 것이 정밀도를 개선하는데 유리하며, 일반적인 용도로 저렴한 가격이 요청되며 충분한 설계 면적을 활용할 수 있고 높지 않은 정확도에서도 동작 가능하다면 수동 분리기가 더 바람직하다.

• 드라이브 ㆍ 컨트롤
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2016

Nowadays automatic transmission equipped vehicles prevail in construction and agricultural equipment due to their convenience in driving and operation. Though domestic vehicle manufacturers install imported electronic controlled transmissions at present, overseas products will be replaced by domestic ones in the near future owing to development efforts over the past 10 years. For passenger cars, there are many kinds of shift control algorithms that enhance the shift quality such as feedback and learning control. However, since shift control technologies for heavy duty vehicles are not highly developed, it is possible to improve the shift quality with an organized control method. A feedback control algorithm for neutral-into-gear shift, which is enabled during the inertia phase for the master clutch slip speed to track the slip speed reference, is proposed based on the power transmission structure of TH100. The performance of the feedback shift control is verified by a vehicle test which is implemented with firmware embedded TCU. As the master clutch engages along the predetermined speed trajectory, it can be concluded that the shift quality can be managed by a shift time control parameter. By extending the proposed feedback algorithm for neutral-into-gear shift to gear change and shuttle shift, it is expected that the quality of the shift can be improved.

• 생명과학회지
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• 제27권1호
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• pp.100-121
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• 2017

이 논문은 다세포 녹색식물의 조상으로 생각되는 단세포인 수염녹두말속(Chlamydomonas) 녹조의 복잡한 유성생식 과정을 종합적으로 이해하기 위해서 기술되었다. 모델생물로 알려진 클래미도모나스 레인하르티(Chlamydomonas reinhardtii)의 유성생식 생활사는 배우자발생, 배우자 활성화, 세포융합, 접합자 성숙, 감수분열과 발아 등의 다섯 시기로 구별된다. 배우자발생은 서식지에서 질소가 결핍되어 시작된다. 그 결과, 교배형 유전자자리($MT^+$ 또는 $MT^-$)에 의해 조절된 두 가지 교배형($mt^+$ 및 $mt^-$)의 배우자들이 발생된다. 유성생식을 위한 두 번째 자극원인 청색광이 교배능력을 갖고 있지 않는 예비배우자 세포에 조사되면 교배능력을 가진 배우자로 분화된다. 배우자발생의 초기에, 두 배우자 세포들은 응집소(agglutin) 분자들을 합성한다. 즉, $mt^+$ 응집소 및 $mt^-$ 응집소는 상염색체에 있는 성응집(SAG1) 및 성접착(SAD1) 유전자들이 발현되어 각각 합성된다. 응집소들에 의해서 두 배우자 세포들의 편모가 접착되면 cAMP가 신호전달 경로를 작동시켜서 편모의 끝 부부을 활성화시킨다. cAMP의 신호에 반응하여 두 배우자들의 세포벽이 벗겨지고 2개의 편모 사이에서 각각의 교배구조(mating structure)가 발달한다. 교배구조의 원형질막에는 $mt^+$ 및 $mt^-$ 배우자-특이 융합 단백질인 Fus1 및 Hap2/Gcs1이 있다. 이 단백질들의 상호작용으로 두 교배구조가 접촉되면, 두 배우자 사이에 세포질이 연결되어 수정세관(fertilization tubule)이 발달한다. $mt^+$ 및 $mt^-$ 배우자들의 핵과 엽록체가 융합되면 2배체의 접합자가 형성된다. 그 후 배우자들의 특성은 사라지며 융합단백질들(Fus1 및 Hap2)이 분해되고 접합자-특이(zygote-specific) 유전자들이 활성화 된다. 접합자는 24시간에 걸쳐 두꺼운 세포벽을 가진 접합포자(zygospore)로 발달한다. 어린 접합자에서 교배 후 60분 이내에 $mt^-$ 엽록체 DNA와 $mt^+$ 미토콘드리아 DNA가 선택적으로 제거된다. 따라서 이 두 소기관들은 각각 $mt^-$ 미토콘드리아 DNA와 $mt^+$ 엽록체 DNA만 남아서 단친유전(uniparental inheritance)이 이루어진다. 적당한 조건이 되면 접합포자가 감수분열과 발아 과정을 거쳐 반수체 영양세포가 방출되어 새로운 세대가 다시 시작된다.

• Biomolecules & Therapeutics
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• 제30권1호
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• pp.48-54
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• 2022

GPR43 (also known as FFAR2), a metabolite-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor stimulated by short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) ligands is involved in innate immunity and metabolism. GPR43 couples with Gα_i/o and Gα_q/11 heterotrimeric proteins and is capable of decreasing cyclic AMP and inducing Ca²⁺ flux. The GPR43 receptor has additionally been shown to bind β-arrestin 2 and inhibit inflammatory pathways, such as NF-κB. However, GPR43 shares the same ligands as GPR41, including acetate, propionate, and butyrate, and determination of its precise functions in association with endogenous ligands, such as SCFAs alone, therefore remains a considerable challenge. In this study, we generated novel synthetic agonists that display allosteric modulatory effects on GPR43 and downregulate NF-κB activity. In particular, the potency of compound 187 was significantly superior to that of pre-existing compounds in vitro. However, in the colitis model in vivo, compound 110 induced more potent attenuation of inflammation. These novel allosteric agonists of GPR43 clearly display anti-inflammatory potential, supporting their clinical utility as therapeutic drugs.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권5호
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• pp.1317-1322
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• 2014

Membrane disruption by an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) was investigated by measuring the $^2H$ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of 1-palmitoyl-$d_{31}$-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC_$d_{31}$) in mixtures of POPC_$d_{31}$/cholesterol and either magainin 2 or aurein 3.3 deposited on thin cover-glass plates. The line shapes of the experimental $^2H$ solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR) spectra were best simulated by assuming the coexistence of a mosaic spread of bilayers containing pore structures and a fasttumbling isotropic phase or a hexagonal phase. Within a few days of incubation in a hydration chamber, an isotropic phase and a pore structure were induced by magainin 2, while in case of aurein 3.3 only an isotopic phase was induced in the presence of a bilayer phase. After an incubation period of over 100 days, alignment of the bilayers increased and the amount of the pore structure decreased in case of magainin 2. In contrast with magainin 2, aurein 3.3 induced a hexagonal phase at the peptide-to-lipid ratio of 1/20 and, interestingly, cholesterol was not found in the hexagonal phase induced by aurein 3.3. The experimental results indicate that magainin 2 is more effective in disrupting lipid bilayers containing cholesterol than aurein 3.3.

• International Journal of Aeronautical and Space Sciences
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.223-246
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• 2015

Structural vibration control using a piezoelectric shunt is an established control technique. This technique involves connecting a piezoelectric patch, which is bonded onto or embedded into the vibrating structure, to an electric shunt circuit. Thus, vibration energy is converted into electrical energy and is dissipated through a network of electrical components. Different configurations of shunt have been researched, among which the negative capacitance-inductance shunt has gained prominence recently. It is basically an analog, active circuit consisting of operational amplifiers and passive elements to introduce real and imaginary impedance on the vibrating structure. The present study attempts to model the behavior of a negative capacitance-inductance shunt in terms of power output and efficiency using circuit modeling software. The shunt model is validated experimentally and is used to control the structural vibration of an aluminum beam, connected to a pair of piezoelectric patches, under broadband excitation. The model is also used to determine the optimal parameters of a negative capacitance-inductance shunt to increase the efficiency and predict the voltage output limit of op-amp against the supply voltage.

• 대한전기학회:학술대회논문집
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• 대한전기학회 1995년도 하계학술대회 논문집 C
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• pp.1120-1122
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• 1995

This paper presents a 2-stage, simple, power-efficient 3V CMOS operational amplifier and its equation based design optimization. Because of its simple structure, it is very suitable as a VLSI library cell in analog/digital mixed-mode systems. The op-amp, which contains a constant-$g_m$ rail-to-rail input stage and a simple feedforward class-AB rail-to-rail output stage, is analyzed and the results are presented in the form of design equations and procedures, which provide an insight into the trade-offs among performance requirements. The results of SPICE simulations are shown to agree very welt with the use of design equations.

• 한국음향학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국음향학회 1998년도 학술발표대회 논문집 제17권 2호
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• pp.177-180
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• 1998

높은 Q가 요구되는 고주파 신호 처리용 필터 설계에서는 흔히 SC 필터를 사용하고 있다. 처리하고자 하는 신호가 고주파수이고, 선택도 Q 값이 매우 높은 경우에는, SC 필터에 사용하는 증폭기의 성능이 빠르고, 직류 성분 이득이 커야만 한다. 이와 같은 속도와 이득이 요구됨에 따라 일반적인 범용 증폭기는 이득이 충분치 못하여 사용이 제한되고, 설사 범용 증폭기를 이용하여 필터를 구성하였다 해도 그 특성에 많은 제한을 줄 수밖에 없다. 또한 GaAS MESFET op amp의 경우, 최근의 논문에서도 60[dB] 이상의 이득이 제안된 바 없으므로, 필터 구성시 또 다른 설계 기술이 요구된다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 GaAS MESFET 능동 SC 적분기의 유한한 이득과 offset 전압을 보정한 새로운 구조의 적분기를 제안한다.

• 한국조명전기설비학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국조명전기설비학회 2007년도 춘계학술대회 논문집
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• pp.300-305
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• 2007

This study developed a human robot master arm, which has a structure similar to the human arm, with the object of taking over human works. The robot arm was structured to reproduce human actions using three axes on each of the shoulder and the wrist based on mechanics, and the actuator of each axis adopted an ordinary DC motor. The servo system of the actuator is a one body type employing an amp for electric power, and it was designed to be small and lightweight for easy installation. We examined the posture control characteristics of the developed robot master arm in order to test its interlocking, continuous notions and reliability.