• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.413-422
• /
• 2017

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of a well-being program on the meaning of life, self-efficacy and successful aging of elderly using an elderly welfare center. Method: The Welding program training was a non-equality control pre- and post-test design consisting of eight sessions for eight weeks, 120 minutes per week. Data were analyzed by the ${\chi}^2$-test, Mann-Whitney U test, and Wilcoxon rank test. Results: The education program was found to influence meaning of life, self-efficacy and successful aging among the elderly. Conclusion: The Welding program has a positive effect on meaning of life, self-efficacy, and successful aging of the elderly, helps the elderly to set values for correct death[ED highlight - please clarify this, I am not sure of your intended meaning.] and give happiness to their lives. It is expected to be used as a useful education program to help raise awareness. The results of this study suggest that the development of a lighting program[ED highlight - please clarify what you mean by this.] for elderly people should be systematically and continuously implemented.

• The Journal of Korean Medical History
• /
• v.15 no.1
• /
• pp.63-146
• /
• 2002

Huh-Im(許任, 1570~1647) was an acupuncture doctor of Chosun(朝鮮) era through the late 16th century and early 17th century. Even though he was a person of low birth, he participated in the loyal medication through three loyal generations, Sunjo(宣祖), Kwanghaegun(光海君) and Injo(仁祖). He was recognized of his services and became an official, 'Dangsanggwan'(堂上官) and Kyunggi(京畿) district official several times. In the early Chosun era, acupuncture medicine was focused. During the late 16th century, Imjin(壬辰) war aroused more needs about acupuncture medicine, and acupuncture doctors showed remarkable work. Under these circumstances, Huh-Im(許任)'s fame spread throughout the country. Huh-Im(許任) wrote ChimGuKyungHumBang("鍼灸經驗方") in 1644 based on his lifetime clinical acupuncture & moxibustion experience. It was the first specialized book of acupuncture in Chosun era. This event took place 30 years after DongEuiBoGam - Acupuncture Chapter("東醫寶鑑-鍼灸篇") was published. But it was not influenced much by DongEuiBoGam - Acupuncture Chapter("東醫寶 鑑-鍼灸篇") in the form or contents. ChimGuKyungHumBang("鍼灸經驗方") and Huh-Jun(許浚)'s DongEuiBo- Gam - Acupuncture Chapter("東醫寶鑑-鍼灸篇") were the fruits of the middle Chosun, and they are complementary to each other in theory and practice. The chief distinctions of ChimGuKyungHumBang("鍼灸經驗方") are in it's compact and practical edition and a lot of his clinical acupuncture prescriptions mentioned in the book. Huh-Im(許任) not only accepted the existing books such as NaeKyung("內經"), DongInSuHyulChimGuDoKyung and Shin- Eung Kyung("神應經") with his point of view and clinical experience, but also showed creative operation of studies. Indicating incorrect acupuncture points(訛穴), acupuncture remedy based on the visceral pathogenesis(臟腑病機) and the channel pathogenesis, research on new acupuncture points, sorting out plenty of outer meridian acupuncture points(經外奇穴), creating supplementary and purging acupuncture method(鍼補瀉法) which is a change of hand treatment of KiHyoYangBang("奇效良方"), operating variety of acupuncture and moxibustion treatments, and application of acupuncture treatments on surgery field such as intumescences and emergency cases are the examples. Huh-Im(許任)'s ChimGuKyungHumBang("鍼灸經驗方") influenced on the folk remedy books(民間經驗方書) in the late Chosun era. Compact and practical characteristics of the book let acupuncture treatment be freindly to the people. It can be confirmed in JeungBoSanRimKyungJe-Emergency Chapter("增補山林經濟-救急篇") or the formation of SaAmChimBob(舍巖鍼法). ChimGuKyungHumBang("鍼灸經驗方") was introduced to Japan in 18th century and published twice. ChimGuJibSung("鍼灸集成"), known as an acupuncture medical book of late Qing dynasty(淸末, 1874), is confirmed to be an plagiarization of DongEuiBoGam-Acupuncture Chapter("東醫寶鑑-鍼灸篇") and ChimGuKyungHum- Bang("鍼灸經驗方") of 17th century Chosun. Confusions and errors arouse from mistaken editional trend of ChimGuJIbSung("鍼灸集成") which had not disclosed it's original author and the title of the book must be reformed. In this way, fruits of acupuncture of the middle Chosun era including Huh-Im(許任)'s ChimGuKyungHumBang("鍼灸經驗方") will take a right place in acupuncture medicine history.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
• /
• v.50 no.3
• /
• pp.293-299
• /
• 2001

Background : Sustained-release theophylline, which is generally prescribed as a twice-daily equal-dose regimen, is one of the more common asthma treatments. The development of a sustained-release drug delivery technology that enables improved control of the theophylline blood levels represents a significant advancement in both the efficacy and safety of dosing. Method : A crossover study was conducted with 25 adult chronic asthmatic patients requiring daily bronchodilator therapy. The study group included thirteen males and twelve females with ages ranging from 19 to 71 years. The overall approach was to place the patients first on the twice-daily preparation($Etheophyl^{(R)}$) for 28 days at 8 AM and 8 PM, and measure the pulmonary function and theophylline level on the 28th day. The patients were subsequently switched to the once-daily preparation($Uniphyl^{(R)}$) in the same daily dose at 8 PM on the 29th day and the same parameters were measured on the 56th day. Results : The mean serum levels of theophylline were $8.18{\pm}1.66\;{\mu}g/ml$ in the $Etheophyl^{(R)}$-treated period and $8.00{\pm}1.75\;{\mu}g/ml$ in the $Uniphyl^{(R)}$-treated period. ln addition, the $FEV_1$ showed $71.40{\pm}7.48$ percent in the $Etheophyl^{(R)}$-treated and $69.18{\pm}9.00$ percent in the $Uniphyl^{(R)}$-treated period. Thus there were no significant differences between the once-daily and twice-daily preparation. Conclusion : The results indicated little clinical differences between the two medications. The two drugs are equally effective in controlling asthma over the four weeks of treatment.

• Journal of Korean Society of Archives and Records Management
• /
• v.1 no.1
• /
• pp.95-129
• /
• 2001

The treatise is a follow-up thesis of "The Archival Management : destination of its education" published by The Research Institute for Korean Archives and Records in June 17, 2000, and it was written to secure its original temper of the "Archival Management" which has established at first as the domestic collegiate educational course. Presently, we are mixed up for interpretation of terminology by facing unfamiliar words: such as, Archives, Documents, Manuscripts, Records / Archival Management, Archival Preservation / Archivist, Archival Conservator, Manuscripts Curator and Record Manager. Also, tile treatise has confirmed scholars' various opinion about its education and curriculum not only domestic but overseas scholars, and examined realities and course of studies of 4 overseas countries, and also have purpose to pursue domestic universities' actual condition of curriculum and its reform measure. And since dispositon of Archivist and the professional organization of the Archivist was based on the Laws, therefore, establishment of an educational institution for Archival Management from now on will be expanded more and need to be accelerated. Accordingly, the universities that already established or to be established from now on, shall be needed educational quality and its contents to be ascended. Its concrete plan is as follows : (1) Now, disarranged archive and record words, and to make publish 'Glossary of Archives & Records' as soon as possible. (2) Remind the substance of the Record and Archival Management and its sphere again and need to be considered alteration of the studies' name. (3) There needs to establish the role and establishment of conception of Archivists. (4) Refer to the theory and practical educational method of overseas professional Archivist Scholars, but to be needed to develop the curriculum which is accorded with am tradition and way of thinking. (5) Confer for development of teaching materials and educational method jointly through 'Academic Society', and there needs reorganize the subject which is fit for each university's characteristics. (6) Recently, "Cultural Resources Studies" for research specialization which has established in Graduate School of Tokyo University was very useful to us. We also need to be considered such establishment of process.

• Journal of environmental and Sanitary engineering
• /
• v.3 no.2 s.5
• /
• pp.23-41
• /
• 1988

Two hundred and eighty-six strains of Salmonella species were isolated from the twelve provincial institutes of health and 19 general hospitals of urban and rural areas in Korea from January to December in 1986. The antimicrobial susceptibility test of these cultures was done by the method of agar diluton. The resistance frequency of Salmonella cultures was $29.7\%$. Among these resistant cultures, the most provalent resistance pattern of Salmonella was ampicillin, carbenicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline, streptomycin, and its resistance frequency was $15\%$. In plasmid profile of resistance strains, average number of plasmid harboring in Salmonella was 1-4 and molecular weight of plasmid ranged 1.6 to 70 megadalton (Md.). Plasmid pattern of strains isolated from Seoul and Kang-won showed the same or similar profiles. Plasmid pattern was identical in the same resistance pattern.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
• /
• v.33 no.1
• /
• pp.144-160
• /
• 2013

This study is a proposal, which is the trial to explicate, in neurology, on how critical thinking as a creative method of sciences functions. The creative methods of sciences, even at present, are mostly the hypothetical insistences concerning with the logical processes of researches suggested from the philosophers of science; Popper, Kuhn, Hempel, or Lakatos. These insistences do excavate what process or approach can be scoped out of scientists' creativity. I call the tendency or approach of the researches, "Process Approach of Creativity (PAC)". From my view point, any PAC trial does not concern with how creative theories can actually be invented. On the other hand, this study is focused on the philosophical thinking abilities of scientists who invented new great theories. They mostly had some experiences to study philosophy while studying their science fields, thus had critical thinking abilities on their studies. From my point of view, critical thinking in philosophy raised questions as to their fundamental and basic (old) concepts and principles, and thus gave them new creative theories. I will try to explain this from the point of neurophilosophy. From the perspectives coming from "the state space theory of representation" of Paul & Patricia Churchland, the pioneers of neurophilosphy, the "creative theories" are the networks of topographic maps giving new comprehensive explanations and predictions. From these perspectives, I presuppose that the attitude of critical questioning revises the old networks of maps with back-propagation or feedback, and thus, is the generative power of searching new networks of maps. From the presupposition, I can say, it is important that scientists reflect on the basic premises in their academic branches for issuing out extraordinary creativity. The critical attitude of philosophy can make scientists construct the maps of new conceptual scheme by shaking the maps of the old basic premises. From this context, I am able to propose "Critical Thinking Approach of Creativity (CTAC)".

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
• /
• v.20 no.3
• /
• pp.262-276
• /
• 2018

Models to predict Leaf Wetness Duration (LWD) were evaluated using the observed meteorological and dew data at the 11 citrus orchards in Jeju, South Korea from 2016 to 2017. The sensitivity and the prediction accuracy were evaluated with four models (i.e., Number of Hours of Relative Humidity (NHRH), Classification And Regression Tree/Stepwise Linear Discriminant (CART/SLD), Penman-Monteith (PM), Deep-learning Neural Network (DNN)). The sensitivity of models was evaluated with rainfall and seasonal changes. When the data in rainy days were excluded from the whole data set, the LWD models had smaller average error (Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) about 1.5hours). The seasonal error of the DNN model had the similar magnitude (RMSE about 3 hours) among all seasons excluding winter. The other models had the greatest error in summer (RMSE about 9.6 hours) and the lowest error in winter (RMSE about 3.3 hours). These models were also evaluated by the statistical error analysis method and the regression analysis method of mean squared deviation. The DNN model had the best performance by statistical error whereas the CART/SLD model had the worst prediction accuracy. The Mean Square Deviation (MSD) is a method of analyzing the linearity of a model with three components: squared bias (SB), nonunity slope (NU), and lack of correlation (LC). Better model performance was determined by lower SB and LC and higher NU. The results of MSD analysis indicated that the DNN model would provide the best performance and followed by the PM, the NHRH and the CART/SLD in order. This result suggested that the machine learning model would be useful to improve the accuracy of agricultural information using meteorological data.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.502-508
• /
• 2009

Background: Rib fractures are the most common injuries that are caused by blunt chest trauma. However, fractures of the costal cartilage generally go unnoticed on chest X-rays unless they involve a calcified cartilage. For this reason, the sensitivity of conventional radiography for detecting rib fractures is low, and especially those involving the cartilaginous part of the rib. Thus, we have evaluated the usefulness of ultrasonography for detecting fractures of the costal cartilage that were overlooked on the conventional radiographs of patients who suffered minor blunt chest traumas. Material and Method: A total of 45 patients who suffered minor blunt chest trauma and who had no evidence of rib fractures or other major fractures on conventional radiographs were admitted for ultrasonography between April 2008 and March 2009. There were 24 women and 21 men, and the mean age of the patients was 50.4$\pm$15.91 years (range: 17$\sim$76 years). They were examined for the detection of fractures of the costal cartilage by performing ultrasonography with a 7.5-MHz linear transducer. Result: A total of 30 patients (67%) had fractures of the costal cartilage, whereas 15 patients (33%) had no evidence of chondral rib fractures. The mean number of fracture sites of the fractured costal cartilage was 1.6$\pm$0.81 (range: 1$\sim$4 sites) in 30 patients. Periosteal hematoma was the most common finding associated with fractures of the costal cartilage (n=7, 17%), followed by sternum fracture (n=5, 12%). However, periosteal hematoma was noticed in 1 patient (2%) who was without fracture of the costal cartilage, and sternum fracture was noticed in 1 patient (2%) who was without fractures of the costal cartilage. Conclusion: The results of this study suggest that ultrasonography may be a useful imaging modality for detecting fractures of the costal cartilage that are overlooked on the conventional radiographs of patients who suffer minor blunt chest trauma.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
• /
• v.32 no.8
• /
• pp.739-744
• /
• 1999

Background: This study was designed to evaluate the effectiveness of T3 sympathicotomy in treatment of palmar hyperhidrosis. Material and Method: During the period of June to December 1998, 50 patients (24 females and 26 males) suffering from palmar hyperhidrosis either in isolation (n=37) or in combination with axillary hyperhidrosis (n=13) were operated. The mean age of the patients was 20 years. The bilateral sympathetic trunks were severed on the 3rd rib (2nd and 3rd ganglia) for the isolated palmar hyperhidrosis and on the 3rd and 4th ribs for the combined type using electrocoagulation scissors. A linear analogue scale was used to assess the degree of sweating on the palms, face, trunk, and feet (ranged 0 to 10:0 = anhidrosis: 10 = excessive sweating) as well as the patient's satisfaction with the surgery (ranged 0 to 10:0 = regret; 10 = completely satisfied). Result: All of the patients were relieved from palmar hyperhidrosis. A mean palmar sweat production score after T3 sympathicotomy was $1.5\pm$0.8. Some degree of compensatory sweating had occurred in 39 patients (78%) with a mean score of 3.4$\pm$1.6. Gustatory sweating occurred in 2 patients (4%). The mean score of the patient's satisfaction after the surgery was 8.5$\pm$1.2. Conclusion: Palmar hyperhidrosis can be successfully relieved by the T3 sympathicotomy. When considering the advantages of T3 sympathicotomy with respects to a better preservation of facial sympathetic function, less occurrence of severe compensatory sweating, and lower incidence of gustatory sweating. We recommend T3 sympathicotomy as a treatment of choice for palmar hyperhidrosis.

• Current Research on Agriculture and Life Sciences
• /
• v.5
• /
• pp.119-126
• /
• 1987

This study was conducted to elucidate the most appropriate method to obtain auxotrophic mutants from Valsa ceratosperma, the causal fungus of apple canker, which may be used as a gene marker in detecting the transfer of the factors of avirulent strains to virulent strains. Among the 3 kinds of synthetic media tested, each have two formula for minimal and complete, the medium which has been used in study of Endothia parasitica (E. P medium) was turned out to be most appropriate for the growth of V. ceratosperma. A medium for single colony formation from pycnidiospore of this fungus was developed by adding 0.5% L - sorbose to the E. P minimal medium. The period of incubation in dark for preventing the photoreactivation after U. V irradiation was estimated as about 60hrs at which most of the spores become binucleate. Largest number of putative auxotrophs were obtained at about 50second of irradiation to the spores smeared on the medium for single colony formation, at which the survival rate of spores was 5 to 6 percent. With these method developed in this experiment, 161 isolates of putative auxotrophs were detected among which the nutrient requirement for 10 isolates were determined. Five out of 10 mutants were still virulent to apple tree and all but one could not sporulate.