• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.309-314
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• 1996

The purpose of this study is to explain the relationship between the pharmacological mechanism of levamisole and the cellular activity of cellular alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) in kidney cells. The results of our investigation were as follows. 1. Cellular ALPase activity in Macacus rhesus monkey kidney cells (MA 104 cells) and primary cultured rabbit kidney proximal tubular cells treated with levamisole was increased about two or three times than control. However, 50% of ALPase activity in cultured medium was inhibited by levamisole itself. 2. The proliferation of MA 104 and cultured rabbit kidney proximal tubular cells was linearly decreased in paralleled with increase of levamisole concentration $(50\;and\;500\;{mu}M)$ with MTT test. 3. In the heat stability tests, the inhibition of ALPase activity with and without levamisole at $56^{\circ}C$ in MA 104 cells showed different $IC_{50}$ values. 4. HPLC analysis of levamisole metabolites produced by cultured MA 104 cells suggested that the formation of a metabolite, that may be associated with its increase of cellular ALPase activity. Based on these results, we assumed that the increase of cellular ALPase activity by levamisole was evoked by modification of the ALPase catalytic sites.

• 한국미생물·생명공학회지
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• 제23권2호
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• pp.131-137
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• 1995

The alkaline phosphatase (K-ALPase) gene of Kluyveromyces fragilis has been cloned (1) and determined its base sequences (2) previously in our laboratory. When the K-ALPase gene was expressed in Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, it showed a constitutive activity in E. coli, and a derepressed activity in S. cerevisiae in phosphate-limited medium. Northem hybridization experiment was performed to elucidate the transcription level of the K-ALPase gene. Northern experiment showed that transcription level of K-ALPase gene in S. cerevisiae was higher in phosphate depletion, but it was higher in high phosphate medium than in phosphate limited medium in K. fragilis. The transcription initiation site of the K-ALPase gene was determined by primer extension analysis. It matched nucleotide position - 169 in relation to the putative trnslational start site.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제18권1호
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• pp.41-48
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• 1991

The present investigation has been undertaken to elucidate the functional role of ovarian steroids on the mechanism of oviduct differentiation during early embryonic development in rat. The activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) was measured in the oviduct tissue under different steroids treatment regime on day 9 pregnancy. The ALPase activity of the oviduct of pseudopregnant rat was compared with that of normal pregnant rat. The results of day 9 pregnancy rat oviduct clearly demonstrated that $17{\beta}-estradiol$ and progesterone were effective in pseudopregnant rat oviduct. In the ovary intact group the ALPase activity was similar in both of normal and pseudopregnant oviduct, but in the $17{\beta}-estradiol$ treated group the ALPase activity in normal pregnancy was significantly higher than that in pseudopregnancy. The effect of estradiol on the normal pregnant rat oviduct was apparently found on day 3 and day 9 pregnancy. This study, therefore, clearly demonstrates that $17{\beta}-estradiol$ is much potent in oviduct tissue differentiation. It is suggested that absence of $17{\beta}-estradiol$ effect on pseudopregnant rat oviduct is due to there is no embryo passing througth the oviduct.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.851-861
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• 2005

The nature of the implant surface can directly influence cellular response, ultimately affecting the rate and quality of new bone tissue formation. The aim of this in vitro study was to investigate if human osteoblast-like cells, Saos-2, would respond differently when plated on disks of magnesium titanate and machined titanium. Magnesium titanate disks were prepared using Micro Arc Oxidation(MAO) methods. Control samples were machined commercially pure titanium disks. The cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation were evaluated by measuring cell number, and alkaline phosphatase(ALPase) activity at 1 day and 6 day after plating on the titanium disks. Measurement of cell number and ALPase activity in Saos-2 cells at 1 day did not demonstrate any difference between machined titanium and magnesium titanate. When compared to machined titanium disks, the number of cells was reduced on the magnesium titanate disks at 6 day, while ALPase activity was more pronounced on the magnesium titanate. Enhanced differentiation of cells grown on magnesium titanate samples was indicated by decreased cell proliferation and increased ALPase activity.

• 약학회지
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• 제37권6호
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• pp.571-576
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• 1993

The substrate specificity of the purified rabbit plasma alkaline phosphatase (ALPase) was determined towards a extended range of potential substrates including relatively simple phosphate derivatives as p-NPP and indolyl phosphate, and several synthetic peptides and phosphoproteins. These results further estabilish the broad substrate specificity of these circulating enzymes. Interestingly, the plasma ALPase preferentially dephosphorylates Thr over Ser residues, as demonstrated with a series of synthetic peptides. The latter result is in contradiction to the behaviour of the tissue ALPase, which is thought to the ultimate source of plasma ALPase, and open therefore new perspectives with respective to the origin and "solubilisation" processes of these enzymes. Dephsphrylation of protein substrates by endogenous and isolated plasma ALPases indicates that ALPase probably displays protein phosphatase activity in vivo.

• 한국동물학회지
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• 제33권1호
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• pp.70-77
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• 1990

생쥐의 정자가 부정소에서 성숙하는 동안 Phosphatase 활성도의 변화를 알아보기 위하여 본 연구를 실시하였다. 효소의 활성도는 Ernst(1975)의 방법을 변용하여 측정하였으며 그 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 부정소으 두부내 정자와 미부내 정자으 단백질 함량은 각각 59.1 $\pm$8.4(mg/10 9 sperm), 14.0$\pm$12.3(mg/10 9 sperm)으로 나타났다. 기본 반응액에서 나타난 두부내 정자의 효소 활성도를 100%로 할 때, 미부내 정자의 활성도는 ALPase가 29.2%, ALPase가 44.9% 그리고 ALPase가 53.8%였으며, 초음파로 정자를 분쇄하였을 경우에 ALPase는 16.5%, ALPase는 33.3% 그리고 ALPase는 38.7%였다. 따라서 미부내 정자의 phoshatase 활성도는 두부내 정자에 비하여 현저히 감소하였다. 그리고 부정소의 미부내 정자에서 K+ -dependent ALPase와 ALPase의 활성도는 두부내 정자에 비하여 유의하게 감소하였으며, 초음파로 정자를 분쇄하였을 때 $Ca^2$+ -dependent phoshatase의 활성도는 유의하게 증가하였다. 이상의 결과로 보아 생쥐의 정자가 부정소에서 성숙하는 동안 phoshatase의 활성도가 감소하는 것은 성숙과정에서 정자가 수정능력을 획득하는 데 어떤 중요한 역할을 할 것으로 사료된다.

• Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.123-131
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• 1991

In order to study the growth and maturation of ovarian follicle, the localization and activity of alkaline phosphatase(ALPase) and adenosine triphosphatase(ATPase) of the granulosa cells and theca layer were examined according to the follicle size, the follicle state and the ovarian cyclic phase in pig. Theca interna of the small follicles was more heavyly localized with reaction product by the activites of ALPase and ATPase than that of the large follicles. It is assumed that, as the follicles proceed to growth and maturation, antrum formation is the result of the follicular fluid accumulation by means of active transport by the activities of ALPase and ATPase in theca interna. The activities of ALPase and ATPase in atretic follicles were higher than those of normal follicles. These results imply that the mechanisms of follicle maturation and atresia are different according to the phase of ovarian cycle.

• Journal of Periodontal and Implant Science
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.545-559
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• 1998

Magnoliae cortex has been used as a drug for treatment of fractures in Chinese medicine and safflower(Carthamus tinctorius $Linn{\acute{e}}$) has been traditionally used for treatment of blood stasis. The purpose of present study was to examine the biologic effects of magnoliae cortex extract and safflower extract mixture(MSM) on human periodontal ligament cells and fetal rat calvarial osteoblasts and on healing of rat calvarial defects. The ethanolic extracts of magnoliae cortex(MCE), safflower seed(SSE), Zea May L(ZML) were prepared as positive control group. MSM mixed to the ratios of 1 : 1, 1 : 2, 1 : 5 and 1 : 10 were used as test group. The effects of each agents on the growth and survival, ALPase activity, cell proliferation and tissue regenerative effect of each extracts was evaluated by histomorphometric measuring of newly formed bone on the 8 mm defect in rat calvaria after oral administration of 2 ratio groups(1 : 5 and 1 : 10) at 3 different doses (0.1, 0.25 and 0.5g/kg per day). MSM stimulated the growth and survival rate of osteoblasts and PDL cells more than any other agents. The growth and survival rate were increased as the proportion of safflower seed extract was increased. MCE, SSE, ZML stimulated the ALPase activity of osteoblast and PDL cell in comparison to the negative control group. But all groups of MSM regardless of ratio of safflower seed extract stimulated the ALPase activity than any other agent. The ALPase activity was also increased as the proportion of safflower seed extract was increased. Although MCE, SSE, ZML stimulated the proliferation of osteoblasts. 1 : 5 and 1 : 10 ratio MSM showed significant increase in stimulation of proliferation of osteoblasts. No agent significantly increased proliferation of PDL cells. Significant new bone formation were seen where 1 : 5 ratio, 0.5g/kg group and 1 : 10 ratio, 0.25, 0.5g/kg groups were used. These results show that magnoliae cortex extract and safflower seed extract mixture can potentially increase bone regeneration ability.

• 미생물학회지
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• 제23권3호
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• pp.172-176
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• 1985

본 연구는 효모세포 (Saccharomyces uvarum)의 ACPase, ALPase의 Isoenzyme type을 규명함과 아울러, iso-enzyme type중 어느 것이 constituitive 또는 repressible enzyme type인가를 조사하고, 각각의 isoenzyme활성도 비율을 살펴보아 배양조건(catabolic repression and derepression) 및 무기인산 제한에 따른 각 type의 세포내 조절기능을 분석하고자 하였다. Acid phosphatase는 또 다른 isoenzyme type이 발견되지 않았으나, alkaline phosphatase의 경우는 3가지 type이 p-NPP에 specificity를 지녔다. 세포질의 수용성단백질 분석결과 exponential phase의 세포는 주로 음전하를 띤 단백질이 높은 함량을 나타내었다. 당과 인산이 결핍된 배지에서 생육권(catabolic repression)세포에서 AL P Pase isoenzyme 중 type “B"의 활성도가 매우 높아졌으나, 완전배지에서 배양된 (catabolic derepression)세포에서는 type “B"의 활성도 감소 및 type “C"의 활성도 증가 현상을 볼 수 있었다. ALPase 중 “A" peak는 constituitive enzyme, “B" peak는 repressible enzyme, peak “C"는 L-histidinol phosphatase로 추정되었다.

• 한국양식학회지
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• 제16권4호
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• pp.233-239
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• 2003

부화 직후부터 변태를 완료하는 58일째까지 찰가자미 자어에서 소화효소들의 활성과 성장이 조사되었다. 자어들은 먹이를 공급하지 않는 조건과 충분히 공급하는 두 가지 조건에서 사육되었고 일정한 간격으로 성장과 함께 acid phosphatase(ACPase), alkaline phosphatase (ALPase)의 비활성 및 trypsin-like enzyme과 pepsin-like enzyme의 활성 변화를 파악하였다. 절식구에서 전장의 성장은 부화 후 7일까지 빠르게 증가하였으나, 이후부터는 거의 변화가 없었고 먹이 공급구의 경우 부화시 5.13$\pm$0.18mm였던 것이 58일 후 13.43$\pm$1.40mm로 성장하였다. 절식구의 개체 당 건조 체중은 부화 직후부터 기아로 사망이 발생한 12일째까지 시간이 경과할수록 감소하였다. 먹이 공급구의 경우 난황이 흡수될 때까지는 감소하였지만, 부화 후 20일째부터 빠르게 증가하기 시작하였다. ACPase와 ALPase 비활성은 절식구의 경우 실험을 종료할 때까지 증가하였으나, 먹이공급구는 부화 후 20일까지 증가한 후 실험을 마칠 때까지 서서히 감소하였으며 두 실험구 사이에서는 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 절식구의 trypsin-like enzyme 활성은 부화 후 3일부터 증가하여 6일째에 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었으나 난황을 완전히 흡수한 이후부터는 활성이 거의 검출되지 않았다. 먹이 공급구의 경우 부화 후 3일부터 난황을 완전히 흡수할 때까지 빠르게 증가하였고,20일째 가장 높은 활성을 나타내었다. Trypsin-like enzyme 활성은 부화 후 8일부터 먹이공급구가 절식구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. Pepsin-like enzyme 활성은 두 실험구 모두에서 부화 초기에는 증가하였으나, 절식구에서는 실험종료 시까지 감소하였고, 먹이 공급구는 부화 후 10일째 높은 활성을 나타낸 후 일시적으로 감소하지만 부화 후 20일째 다시 높은 활성을 나타낸 후 실험 종료 시까지 서서히 감소하였다. Pepsin-like enzyme 활성은 8일째와 10일째 절식구가 먹이공급구보다 유의적으로 높게 나타났다. 이상의 결과들을 종합해보면 ACPase, ALPase의 비활성 및 trypsin-like enzyme과 pepsin-like enzyme치 활성은 자어의 성장이나 형태 발달과 깊은 연관이 있었다. 그리고 trypsin-like enzyme과 pepsin-like enzyme의 활성은 자어의 발달 단계, 성장 및 먹이 공급 등에 영향을 받기 때문에 자어의 건강이나 성장 상태를 나타낼 수 있는 간접적인 지표로써 이용 할 수 있겠다.