• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.89-95
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• 2010

Dihydroflavonol 4-reductase (DFR) is a key enzyme of the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway which catalyses the NADPH-dependent reduction of 2R,3R-trans-dihydroflavonols to leucoanthocyanidins. In this study we describe cloning and expression of the genes encoding the flavonoid-biosynthetic enzyme DFR in Gypsophila paniculata L. Inspection of the 1279 bp long sequence revealed an open reading frame 1063 bp, including a 36 bp 5' leader region and 181 bp 3' untranslated region. Comparison of the coding region of this DFR cDNA sequence including the sequences of Arabidopsis thaliana, Citrus sinensis, Dianthus caryophyllus, Ipomoea batatas, Matthiola incana, Nierembergia sp, Petunia hybrida, Solanum tuberosum, Vitis vinifera reveals an identity higher than 69% at the nucleotide level. The function of this nucleotide sequences was verified by comparison with amino acid sequences of the amino-terminus and tryptic peptides from purified plant enzyme, by northern blotting with mRNA from wild type and mutant plants, by in vitro expression yielding and enzymatically active reductase, as indicated by the small leucopelargonidin peak. Genomic southern blot analysis showed the presence of only one gene for DFR in Gypsophila paniculata.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.411-418
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• 2015

Lonicera caerulea var. edulis is a rare species found in some alpine region of Korea. Genetic variation in L. caerulea var. edulis has been investigated by examining 161 individuals from six natural populations: Mt. Seorak 1, Mt. Seorak 2, Mt. Jeombong, Mt. Bangtae, Mt. Gyebang, Mt. Halla. The mean genetic diversity for all the six populations was 0.25 (S.I.). The highest genetic diversity was found in Mt. Seorak (S.I.=0.3158) and the lowest was in Mt. Gyebang (S.I.=0.1047). Comparatively low level of genetic diversity was observed (Ae=1.25, P= 64.6%, S.I.=0.25), which is a typical pattern for rare tree species. AMOVA showed exceptionally large proportion of genetic variations both for among populations (34.69%) and within populations (65.31%). Excluding Mt. Gyebang, the genetic variation among and within population was 18.71% and 81.29% respectively. The UPGMA dendrogram based on genetic distance is not suitable for geographic relationship. Genetic distance of Mt. Gyebang was most distant from the other populations. Excluding Mt. Gyebang, the genetic identities among the five populations were 0.95 to 0.97, which is very high similarity level of genetic identity. This low level of genetic variations and the lack of site in nature indicates that Lonicera caerulea var. edulis demanded a serious conservation.

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.328-339
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• 2010

A tobamovirus, Ribgrass mosaic virus (RMV), was identified newly from chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris L. pekinensis) in Korea. Virus disease incidence of RMV on chinese cabbage was 37.9% in alpine area on August in 1993. RMV induced the symptoms of necrotic ring spots, necrotic streak on midrib and malformation. RMV, Ca1 and Ca3 isolate, could infect 35 species out of 45 plants including Chenopodium amaranticolor. Physical properties of RMV Ca1 isolate were very stable as 10.8 over for dilution end point, $95^{\circ}C$ for temperature inactivation point and 18 weeks for longevity in vitro. RMV had the soil transmission rate of 75.0% for the chinese cabbages, 'Chunhawang' and 'Seoul' cultivars. The purified virions of RMV had the typical ultraviolet absorption spectrum of maximum at 260 nm and minimum at 247 nm. RMV of Ca1 isolate was related serologically with antisera of Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV)-Cym, TMV-O and Pepper mottle virus, but not related with antiserum of Odontoglossum ring spot virus. coat protein gene of RMV-Ca1, sized 473 nucleotides, encoded 158 amino acid residues. Nucleotide identity of RMV-Ca1 CP gene was 96.4% with RMV-Shanghai (GenBank accession No. of AF185272) from China and 96.0% with RMV-Impatiens (GenBank accession No. of AM040974) from Germany. Identity of amino acids between RMV-Ca1 and the two RMV isolates was 96.8%. Specific three primers were selected for rapid and easy genetic detection of RMV using Virion Captured (VC)/RT-PCR method.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.7-11
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• 1996

This study was conducted to know the effects of light intensity and temperature on growth of V. fauriei plants. Photosynthesis of V. fauriei had highly significant relations to light intensity and temperature in a quadratic regression model, from which the optimum light intensity and temperature for the plant growth were estimated to be 40,000lux and $17.7^{\circ}C.$ Root was produced less by shading at Jinbu where is located in alpine region, but root yield is increased by shading at Umsong where is located in plane region. Roots were produced more in Jinbu than in Umsong. A highly significant quadratic regression was noted between temperature and leaf width or root weight of V. fauriei. It was estimated from the regression equation that the optimum temperature for root growth was $20.3^{\circ}C.$

• The Plant Pathology Journal
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.369-376
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• 2005

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) is an infectious viral pathogen on the cruciferous crops, predominantly Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris subsp. pekinensis) and radish (Raphanus sativus). On the basis of the symptom development in selective differential hosts from indicator host species, Chinese cabbage and Korean radish inbred lines, the representative eight isolates of TuMV were divided into two major groups/or six types. Group I includes Th 1, Ca-ad7, and Cj-ca2-1 isolates, while group II includes the other isolates (rg-pfl, r 9-10, Rhcql-2, Stock and Mustard). According to the molecular phylogenetic analysis, these isolates, however, divided into two groups and two independent isolates. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that four isolates (Tu 1, r9-10, Stock and Rh-cql-2) formed a distinct phylogenetic group, and the other two isolates (Ca-ad7 and Cj-ca2-1) also formed another group. Mustard and rg-pfl isolates did not seem to have any relationship with these two groups. Taken together, these results indicated that virulence differentiation on host plants, molecular phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide and the deduced amino acid of TuMV coat proteins did not show any relationship. The multi-resistant lines, Wonyae 20026 and BP058 in Chinese cabbage represent valuable genetic materials that can be used for crucifer breeding programs on TuMV resistance, but not in Korean radish.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2023.04a
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• pp.23-23
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• 2023

The Hairy labrador tea (Ledum palustre L. var. diversipilosum Nakai) is a evergreen small shrub, belonging to the Ericaceae and mainly distributed along the alpine areas of Hamgyeong-do in North Korea. Through seed physiological research on North Korean plants, we intend to obtain basic data for the development of mass propagation methods and use them for vegetation restoration. The internal and external morphological characters of the seed were observed using scanning electron microscopy or stereoscopy, and full seeds were selected through X-ray test. Seeds were cultured on a growth condition at 15/6℃ and 25/15℃ to examine the germination response according to temperature, and the number of germinated individuals was examined every 24 hours to calculate germination percentage and mean germination time. Low-temperature treatment (4℃) and hormone treatment (GA3) were performed to investigate the effect of dormancy breaking, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the experimental results using SAS 9.4. The seeds of the Hairy labrador tea were elliptical-narrow in shape, and the epidermal cell wall pattern was reticulated. The final germination rate (FGP) was the highest at 58.9% under the condition of low temperature treatment at 25/15℃. The average number of days to germination (MGT) was the highest at 25.1 days without treatment at 15/6℃, and the average of the last germination days was confirmed to be about 13 days. As a result of low temperature treatment, it was confirmed that the final germination rate (FGP) increased by 43.3%. The significance of the final germination rate (FGP) was verified according to the pretreatment at 25/15℃.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.419-422
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• 2002

Korean angelica(Angelica gigas Nakai), a oriental medicinal plants is important and in great demand in Korea. This crop is a biennial which is to die after flower, so as could not harvest the root. A new variety 'Anpung' was developed from the selection of the local collecting population by medicinal crop team at NCES in 2001. This showed stable bolting during its cropping year and have high quality and yield potential. The color is greenish purple in stem and red purple in flower. It was longer in plant height and root length, thicker in root diameter, more leave and latheral roots comparing with the check variety 'Manchu'. The dry root was 72 g/plant showing heavier than check variety of 65 g/plant. It showed such low bolting rate as 0.5%, on the other hand 49.3% in landrace when it cultured by transplanting with heating nursery seedlings, and $0{\sim}15%$ with field nursery seedlings. The dry root yield of the variety was averaged 3,630 kg/ha out yielding the check variety by 11% at the three regional yield test from 1999 to 2001. Finally, 'Anpung' showed higher content of extracts up to 46.3% in 'Anpung' and 45% in check variety, decursin and decursinol contents was 3.48% and 2.79%, showing slightly higher than check variety.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.415-425
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• 2010

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the vegetation structure and distributional characteristics of Abies koreana forests in Mt. Halla, and to provide basicdata for an ecological study on Abies koreana in Mt. Halla. The results of the analysis showed that the mean importance percentage(M.I.P,) of Abies koreana in the Youngsil and Bangaeoreum and the Azalea field were 28.3%, 23.6%, and 46.4%, respectively. The ratios of DBH (diameter at breast height) to height were similar in all region, except in the Azalea field, where Abies koreana of various ages, both young and old, were found. The species diversity (H) of the upper and lower layers in the Youngsil and Bangaeoreum and in the Azalea field were 0.625 and 0.810, 0.731 and 0.848, and 0.342 and 0.757, respectively. A total of 52 community were distributed at locations higher than 1,300m above sea level. The proportions of each community in the whole Abies koreana forest were 56.5%(Azalea field), 11.0% (Youngsil trail at 1,550-1,650 m above sea level), and 8.1%(Janggumok and Kundurewat region). The total area of the Abies koreana forest was calculated to be 795.3ha by combining all the areas of each community. An Abies koreana forest with the largest area was found at locations 1,500-1,600 m above sea level, taking up 38.8% of the total Abies koreana forest area. For the slopes of the distributional area of Abies koreana, 46.1%(highest proportion) of the total area was $10\sim25^{\circ}$, and for the azimuth of the distributional area, 17.4%(the highest proportion) of the total area was $0-45^{\circ}$. The vegetation structure showed large differences between areas. It was found, however, that the distribution was mostly in the areas with a relatively gentle slope. It is suggested that research be done to forecast the possible changes in the differences in the vegetation structures between different areas caused by climate changes. In addition, there is a need to monitor the Abies koreana and alpine plants in the subalpine zones of Mt. Halla, which are sensitive to climate change, to obtain the basic data that are necessary for the protection and maintenance of the ecosystem.

• Korean Journal of Pharmacognosy
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• v.36 no.2 s.141
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• pp.109-115
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• 2005

The herb of Allium victorialis var. platyphyllum (Liliaceae) has been used as an edible wild herb and to treat heart failure and gastritis. We have already reported antihyperlipidemic anti-tumor effects of this plant. To enlarge the commercial availability of this food, it was investigated whether the extracts of A. victorialis var. platyphyllum reduce hyperlipidemia and obesity or not. The plants tested in this experiment were collected from two eco-types of Is. Ullung and Mt. Odae cultivated at Pyongchang. Extracts were prepared by extracting the fresh leaves and those dried at $36^{\circ}C$ and $90^{\circ}C$, respectively. Pretreatment with the ethanolic extracts for two weeks(p.o.) reduced serum triglyceride-, total cholesterol- and LDL-cholesterol contents in rats induced by Triton WR-1339, respectively. Furthermore, oral administration of the extracts also inhibited the hyperlipidemia induced with oral diet of 30% corn oil. In the other attempt to find to alleviate the obesity, the model rats with obesity were induced by the high fat-diet for six weeks. Post-treatment with the extracts for two weeks significantly reduced the hyperlipidemia. Retroperitoneal-, epidymal- and total abdominal fat pad weights were considerably reduced at 100 mg/kg oral administration of the extracts. Increased feces lipid contents were also found in the rat treated with the extracts. The extract may lead to the higher activity in treatment of hyperlipidemia and obesity than of the dried one.

• Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.530-536
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• 2006

Hardwood cutting propagation and early growth characteristics were investigated in order to develop the method of cutting propagation and to find out growth characteristics in the low altitude for in situ and ex situ conservation of Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum K. Koch, which is typical arctic alpine plants on Mt. Halla. The growth of roots and shoots was different depending on hormone concentrations or soil conditions. The survival rate, rooting rate, root growth, number of root and shoot growth increased with treatment of 100 mg/l or 500 mg/l NAA. Consequently, optimum condition of hardwood cutting was at treatment with 100 mg/l or 500 mg/l NAA. When plantlets from hardwood cuttings were exposed to the field condition, after 7 months survival rate was 73.3% without shading while $91.1{\sim}94.4%$ at shading conditions. In the green house, however, survival rate of plantlets were $95.6{\sim}97.8%$ without shading. The growth of plantlets was different depending on sites and shading conditions. Particularly, the best growth was obtained when the plantlets were grown in shading conditions. It indicates that relative humidity and light intensity are correlated with the growth in the low altitude area.